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Woodrow Wilson



Wilson had harsh words to say about immigrants in his history books. But after he entered politics in 1910, Wilson worked to integrate immigrants into the Democratic party, into the army, and into American life. During the war, he demanded in return that they repudiate any loyalty to enemy nations.

Irish Americans were powerful in the Democratic party and opposed going to war as allies of their traditional enemy Great Britain, especially after the violent suppression of the Easter Rebellion of 1916. Wilson won them over in 1917 by promising to ask Great Britain to give Ireland its independence. At Versailles, however, he reneged and the Irish-American community vehemently denounced him. Wilson, in turn, blamed the Irish Americans and German Americans for lack of popular support for the League of Nations, saying,

"There is an organized propaganda against the League of Nations and against the treaty proceeding from exactly the same sources that the organized propaganda proceeded from which threatened this country here and there with disloyalty, and I want to say—I cannot say too often—any man who carries a hyphen about with him carries a dagger that he is ready to plunge into the vitals of this Republic whenever he gets ready."[73]

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Mother's Day

In 1914, Wilson declared the first national Mother's Day[74]

"Now, Therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the said Joint Resolution, do hereby direct the government officials to display the United States flag on all government buildings and do invite the people of the United States to display the flag at their homes or other suitable places on the second Sunday in May as a public expression of our love and reverence for the mothers of our country."

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Death

The final resting place of Woodrow Wilson at the Washington National Cathedral
The final resting place of Woodrow Wilson at the Washington National Cathedral

In 1921, Wilson and his wife retired from the White House to a home in the Embassy Row section of Washington, D.C. Wilson continued going for daily drives and attended Keith's vaudeville theater on Saturday nights. Wilson was one of only two Presidents (Theodore Roosevelt was the first) who had been president of the American Historical Association.

Wilson died in his S Street home on February 3, 1924. Because his plan for the League of Nations ultimately failed, he died feeling that he had lied to the American people and that his motives for joining the war had been in vain. He was buried in Washington National Cathedral.

Mrs. Wilson stayed in the home another 37 years, dying on December 28, 1961.She passed away with her favorite dog, Rooter, at her bedside. Mrs. Wilson left the home to the National Trust for Historic Preservation to be made into a museum honoring her husband. Woodrow Wilson House opened as a museum. It is also on the National Register of Historic Places.

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Media

 Speech sample

"Address to the American Indians"

("The great white father now calls you his brothers"), an address given in 1913
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See also

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Notes

  1. ^ Woodrow (Thomas) Wilson
  2. ^ Expert Report Of Eric Foner
  3. ^ [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2716036
  4. ^ Woodrow (Thomas) Wilson from PresidentialAvenue.com
  5. ^ Woodrow Wilson 28th President, 1913-1921 from PresidentialAvenue.com
  6. ^ Woodrow Wilson 28th President, 1913-1921 from PresidentialAvenue.com
  7. ^ Link Road to the White House pp. 3-4.
  8. ^ Walworth ch 1
  9. ^ Link, Wilson I:5-6; Wilson Papers I: 130, 245, 314
  10. ^ (1912) The World's Work: A History of our Time, Volume IV: November 1911-April 1912. ???: Doubleday, 74-75. 
  11. ^ Health of Woodrow Wilson
  12. ^ Woodrow (Thomas) Wilson
  13. ^ The Pierce Arrow Limousine from the Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library
  14. ^ Richard F. Weingroff, President Woodrow Wilson — Motorist Extraordinaire, Federal Highway Administration
  15. ^ CNNSI.com - Statitudes - Statitudes: World Series, By the Numbers - Thursday October 17, 2002 03:33 AM
  16. ^ for details on Wilson's health see Edwin A. Weinstein, Woodrow Wilson: A Medical and Psychological Biography (Princeton 1981)
  17. ^ Congressional Government
  18. ^ Thomas Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921). Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia (2005-01-14). Retrieved on 2007-01-03.
  19. ^ Mulder, John H. Woodrow Wilson: The Years of Preparation. (Princeton, 1978) 71-72.
  20. ^ Congressional Government, 180
  21. ^ The Politics of Woodrow Wilson, 41–48
  22. ^ Congressional Government, 205
  23. ^ Congressional Government, 186–7
  24. ^ Congressional Government, 76
  25. ^ Congressional Government, 132
  26. ^ David T. Beito and Linda Royster Beito, "Gold Democrats and the Decline of Classical Liberalism, 1896-1900,"Independent Review 4 (Spring 2000), 555-75.
  27. ^ Frozen Republic, 145
  28. ^ "Beyond FitzRandolph Gates," Princeton Weekly Bulletin June 22, 1998.
  29. ^ Walworth 1:109
  30. ^ Henry Wilkinson Bragdon, Woodrow Wilson: The Academic Years (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1967), 326-327.
  31. ^ PBS - American Experience: Woodrow Wilson Wilson- A Portrait
  32. ^ Walworth v 1 ch 6, 7, 8
  33. ^ Shenkman, Richard. p. 275. Presidential Ambition. New York, New York. Harper Collins Publishing, 1999. First Edition. 0-06-018373-X
  34. ^ William Bullitt (1998). Woodrow Wilson - A Psychological Study. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, p. 150. 
    Bullitt knew Wilson personally, and was with him at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919.
  35. ^ Arthur S. Link, "Woodrow Wilson" in Henry F. Graff ed., The Presidents: A Reference History (2002) p 370
  36. ^ [Link 1954 pp 43-53; Link 1956 pp 199-240]
  37. ^ Ask Yahoo! November 10, 2005
  38. ^ The $100,000 bill Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
  39. ^ The Tragedy of American Diplomacy from William Appleman William p. 72
  40. ^ Records of the Farm Credit Administration
  41. ^ Keating-Owen Act from ClassBrain.com
  42. ^ HAMMER v. DAGENHART from FindLaw.com
  43. ^ "Woodrow Wilson and Federal Segregation", Kathleen L. Wolgemuth, The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 44, No. 2 (April, 1959 ), p. 158
  44. ^ Woodrow Wilson: Speech of Acceptance
  45. ^ The American Presidency Project Wison Qoute
  46. ^ Declaration of war speech from FirstWorldWar.com
  47. ^ Avrich, Paul, Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background, Princeton University Press, 1991
  48. ^ Records of the Committee on Public Information from the National Archives
  49. ^ You want a more 'progressive' America? Careful what you wish for. csmonitor.com
  50. ^ President Wilson's Fourteen Points
  51. ^ Donald E. Davis and Eugene P. Trani, The First Cold War: The Legacy of Woodrow Wilson in U.S.-Soviet Relations. (2002) p. 202.
  52. ^ 66th Congress 2nd Session House of Representatives Document No. 791 Mandate For Armenia from the Armenian National Committee of America
  53. ^ Ambassador Morgenthau's Story. 1918. Preface. Table of Contents
  54. ^ Ambassador Morgenthau's Story. 1918. Preface. Table of Contents
  55. ^ Woodrow Wilson bio sketh from NobelFoundation.org
  56. ^ CTV.ca U.S. historians pick top 10 presidential errors
  57. ^ Leonard Williams Levy and Louis Fisher, Encyclopedia of the American Presidency, Simon and Schuster: 1994, p. 494. ISBN 0132759837
  58. ^ The successful Communist takeover of Russia in 1917 was also a background factor: many anarchists believed that the worker's revolution that had taken place there would quickly spread across Europe and the United States. Paul Avrich, Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background, Princeton University Press, 1991
  59. ^ Walworth (1986) 473-83, esp. p. 481; Melvin I. Urofsky, American Zionism from Herzl to the Holocaust, (1995) ch. 6; Frank W. Brecher, Reluctant Ally: United States Foreign Policy toward the Jews from Wilson to Roosevelt. (1991) ch 1-4.
  60. ^ In 1923 he wrote
    "The Zionist cause depends on rational northern and eastern boundaries for a self-maintaining, economic development of the country. This means, on the north, Palestine must include the Litani River and the watersheds of the Hermon, and on the east it must include the plains of the Jaulon and the Hauran. Narrower than this is a mutilation...I need not remind you that neither in this country nor in Paris has there been any opposition to the Zionist program, and to its realization the boundaries I have named are indispensable". Quoted in Palestine: The Original Sin , Meir Abelson NATIV ONLINE
  61. ^ "The Best of Times, The Worst of Times." The Jewish Americans. Dir. David Grubin. 2008. DVD. PBS, 2008.
  62. ^ Primary Documents: President Woodrow Wilson's Address in Favor of the League of Nations, 25 September 1919 from FirstWorldWar.com
  63. ^ Phyllis Lee Levin. Edith and Woodrow: The Wilson White House. Simon and Schuster. New York. 2001, p139
  64. ^ Walter Russell Mead, Special Providence, (2001)
  65. ^ David M. Kennedy, "What 'W' Owes to 'WW': President Bush May Not Even Know It, but He Can Trace His View of the World to Woodrow Wilson, Who Defined a Diplomatic Destiny for America That We Can't Escape." The Atlantic Monthly Vol: 295. Issue: 2. (March 2005) pp 36+.
  66. ^ Arthur Link, Wilson:The Road to the White House (Princeton University Press, 1947) 502
  67. ^ Expert Report Of Eric Foner
  68. ^ Ellis, Mark. "'Closing Ranks' and 'Seeking Honors': W. E. B. Du Bois in World War I" Journal of American History, 1992 79(1): 96-124. ISSN 0021-8723 Fulltext in Jstor
  69. ^ Woodrow Wilson, A History of the American People (1931) V:59.
  70. ^ "Family Life", Essays on Woodrow Wilson and His Administration, American President: An Online Reference Resource, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia
  71. ^ Link vol 2 pp 252-54.
  72. ^ Link, Papers of Woodrow Wilson 68:298
  73. ^ American Rhetoric, "Final Address in Support of the League of Nations", Woodrow Wilson, delivered 25 Sept 1919 in Pueblo, CO. John B. Duff, "German-Americans and the Peace, 1918-1920" American Jewish Historical Quarterly 1970 59(4): 424-459. and Duff, "The Versailles Treaty and the Irish-Americans" Journal of American History 1968 55(3): 582-598. ISBN 0021-8723
  74. ^ Woodrow Wilson proclaims the first Mother’s Day holiday from the History Channel

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References

  • The Papers of Woodrow Wilson ed. By Arthur S. Link complete in 69 vol, at major academic libraries. Annotated edition of all of WW's letters, speeches and writings plus many letters written to him
  • Tumulty; Joseph P. Woodrow Wilson as I Know Him (1921) memoir by chief of staff
  • Wilson, Woodrow. The New Freedom (1913) 1912 campaign speeches
  • Wilson, Woodrow. Why We Are at War (1917) six war messages to Congress, Jan- April 1917
  • Wilson, Woodrow. Selected Literary & Political Papers & Addresses of Woodrow Wilson (3 vol 1918 and later editions)
  • Woodrow Wilson, compiled with his approval by Hamilton Foley; Woodrow Wilson's Case for the League of Nations, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1923; contemporary book review.
  • Wilson, Woodrow. Messages & Papers of Woodrow Wilson 2 vol (ISBN 1-135-19812-8)
  • Wilson, Woodrow. The New Democracy. Presidential Messages, Addresses, and Other Papers (1913-1917) 2 vol 1926 (ISBN 0-89875-775-4
  • Wilson, Woodrow. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points (1918).
  • 'Wilson and the Federal Reserve'
  • Ambrosius, Lloyd E., “Woodrow Wilson and George W. Bush: Historical Comparisons of Ends and Means in Their Foreign Policies,” Diplomatic History, 30 (June 2006), 509–43.
  • Bailey; Thomas A. Wilson and the Peacemakers: Combining Woodrow Wilson and the Lost Peace and Woodrow Wilson and the Great Betrayal (1947)
  • Bennett, David J., He Almost Changed the World: The Life and Times of Thomas Riley Marshall (2007)
  • Brands, H. W. Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921'’ (2003)
  • Clements, Kendrick, A. Woodrow Wilson : World Statesman (1999)
  • Clements, Kendrick A. The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson (1992)
  • Clements, Kendrick A. "Woodrow Wilson and World War I," Presidential Studies Quarterly 34:1 (2004). pp 62+.
  • Davis, Donald E. and Eugene P. Trani; The First Cold War: The Legacy of Woodrow Wilson in U.S.-Soviet Relations (2002)
  • Greene, Theodore P. Ed. Wilson at Versailles (1957)
  • Hofstadter, Richard. "Woodrow Wilson: The Conservative as Liberal" in The American Political Tradition (1948), ch. 10.
  • Knock, Thomas J. To End All Wars: Woodrow Wilson and the Quest for a New World Order (1995)
  • N. Gordon Levin, Jr., Woodrow Wilson and World Politics: America's Response to War and Revolution (1968)
  • Link, Arthur S. "Woodrow Wilson" in Henry F. Graff ed., The Presidents: A Reference History (2002) pp 365-388
  • Link, Arthur Stanley. Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era, 1910-1917 (1972) standard political history of the era
  • Link, Arthur Stanley. Wilson: The Road to the White House (1947), first volume of standard biography (to 1917); Wilson: The New Freedom (1956); Wilson: The Struggle for Neutrality: 1914-1915 (1960); Wilson: Confusions and Crises: 1915-1916 (1964); Wilson: Campaigns for Progressivism and Peace: 1916-1917 (1965), the last volume of standard biography
  • Link, Arthur S.; Wilson the Diplomatist: A Look at His Major Foreign Policies (1957)
  • Link, Arthur S.; Woodrow Wilson and a Revolutionary World, 1913-1921 (1982)
  • Livermore, Seward W. Woodrow Wilson and the War Congress, 1916-1918 (1966)
  • Malin, James C. The United States after the World War (1930)
  • May, Ernest R. The World War and American Isolation, 1914-1917 (1959)
  • Saunders, Robert M. In Search of Woodrow Wilson: Beliefs and Behavior (1998)
  • Trani, Eugene P. “Woodrow Wilson and the Decision to Intervene in Russia: A Reconsideration.” Journal of Modern History (1976). 48:440—61. in JSTOR
  • Walworth, Arthur. Woodrow Wilson 2 Vol. Pulitzer prize winning biography, (1958).
  • Arthur Walworth; Wilson and His Peacemakers: American Diplomacy at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919

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Persondata
NAME Wilson, Woodrow
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wilson, Thomas Woodrow
SHORT DESCRIPTION 28th President of the United States
DATE OF BIRTH December 28, 1856
PLACE OF BIRTH Staunton, Virginia, United States
DATE OF DEATH February 3, 1924
PLACE OF DEATH Washington, D.C., United States



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