Winter War
After the war, Karelian local governments, parishes and provincial organizations established Karjalan Liitto in order to defend the rights and interests of Karelian evacuees and to find a solution for returning Karelia. During the Cold War, President Urho Kekkonen tried several times to get the territories back by negotiating with the Soviet leadership, but did not succeed. No one openly demanded return. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, disputes were revived. Some minor groups in Finland have been actively demanding the peaceful return to Finland of the ceded territories. The most active group in this field is ProKarelia. In the latest polls, these demands have met with 26– 38% support in Finland.[35] Although the peaceful return of Karelia has always been on its agenda, Karjalan Liitto has, for the most part, stayed away from these demands.
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In popular culture
In 1989, the Finnish movie Talvisota was released. This film tells the story of a Finnish platoon of reservists from Kauhava. The platoon belongs to the 23rd Infantry Regiment, which consists almost solely of men from Southern Ostrobothnia.
The 2006 documentary Fire and Ice: The Winter War of Finland and Russia shows how the Winter War influenced World War II and how Finland mobilized against the world’s largest military power.
Swedish heavy metal band Sabaton recorded the song Talvisota based on the Winter War on their 2008 album The Art of War.
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See also
- List of Finnish wars
- Finnish Army (1939)
- Hungarian Volunteers in the Winter War
- Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union
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Notes
- ^ Pentti Virrankoski, Suomen Historia 2, 2001, ISBN 951-746-342-1, SKS
- ^ Erkki Käkelä, Laguksen miehet, marskin nyrkki: Suomalainen panssariyhtymä 1941–1944, 1992, ISBN 952-90-3858-5, Panssarikilta
- ^ Kantakoski, Punaiset panssarit—Puna-armeijan panssarijoukot 1918–1945, p. 260
- ^ a b Tomas Ries, Cold Will—The Defense of Finland, 1988, ISBN 0-08-033592-6, Potomac Books
- ^ Ohto Manninen, Talvisodan salatut taustat, 1994, ISBN 952-90-5251-0, Kirjaneuvos, using declassified Soviet archive material, Manninen found 12 previously unrecognized infantry divisions ordered to Finnish front
- ^ Finnish Defence College, Talvisodan historia 4, p.406, 1991, ISBN 951-0-17566-8, WSOY, The dead includes 3,671 badly wounded who died after the war without leaving the hospital, some several years after the war.
- ^ a b G.F. Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century, 1997, ISBN 1-85367-280-7, Greenhill Books
- ^ Kantakoski, p. 286
- ^ of Council of League of Nations
- ^ http://www.redarmystudies.net/0411030.htm, citing Alan Bullock, Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives (New York: Vintage Books, 1993), 489.
- ^ Glantz, David M., Stumbling Colossus, p. 58.
- ^ Statistics of Finnish elections 1927–2003: http://pxweb2.stat.fi/sahkoiset_julkaisut/vuosikirja2004_suppea/excel/vaali_02.xls
- ^ Tanner, Väinö, The Winter War, 1957, Stanford University Press
- ^ Harry Järv, Oavgjort i två krig, 2006ISBN 978-91-631-9273-9
- ^ Ilmatieteen laitos: Vuodenajat kolmen kalenterikuukauden jaksoissa (Finnish) Retrieved 9-16-2007.
- ^ Tapani Kossila: Foreign volunteers in the Winter War
- ^ Finnish Defence Forces - The Winter War 1939-1940 Retrieved 9-5-2007.
- ^ Finnish Defence Forces official website: The Winter War - Day 48
- ^ Finnish Defence Forces official website: The Winter War - Day 57
- ^ Website on weapons used by the Norwegian army in 1940
- ^ Winterwar.com: Finnish Artillery pieces - 75 K 01
- ^ Winterwar.com: Artillery acquisitions during the Winter War
- ^ a b Fighter Tactics Academy: Brewsters to the Finnish Air Force in 1940
- ^ Fighter Tactics Academy: Hurricanes to Finland
- ^ Secret Mission To Fly Twelve Bristol Blenheims To Finland BBC - World War 2 People's War
- ^ Finnish Defence Forces official website: The Winter War - Day 69
- ^ Forn.no: Ingstadkleven Fort, 1926-1940 (Norwegian)
- ^ Laaksonen, Lasse, Todellisuus ja harhat, 2005, ISBN 951-20-6911-3, Gummerus
- ^ Wolf H. Halsti, Talvisota 1939-1940, 1955, Otava
- ^ Paasikivi, J.K., Toimintani Moskovassa, 1959, WSOY
- ^ C. Van Dyke, The Soviet Invasion of Finland 1939–40, 1997, London: Frank Cass
- ^ Rentola, Kimmo, Residenttimme ilmoittaa..., Suomen Historiallinen Seura, 2002
- ^ A.E.Taras, Soviet-Finland 1939-1940 war, Minsk, 1999.
- ^ Winter War Website, [1]
- ^ Karjala-lehti and MC-Info Oy 2005 (36 % vs. 52 %), Karjalan Liitto and Taloustutkimus 5.- 7.4. 2005 (26 % vs. 57 %)[2], HS-Gallup: Selvä enemmistö ei halua Karjalaa takaisin 21.8.2005 (30 % vs. 62 %)[3], STT / Suomen Gallup 2.7. 2004 (38 % vs. 57 %)
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References
- Andersson, Lennart B3 Junkers Ju86 i Sverige
- Cox, Geoffrey (1941) The Red Army Moves (Victor Gollancz, London).
- Engle, Eloise & Paananen, Lauri (1992). The Winter War: The Soviet Attack on Finland 1939-1940. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-2433-6.
- Jakobson, Max (1961). The Diplomacy of the Winter War: An Account of the Russo-Finnish War, 1939-1940. Cambridge, MA: Harward University Press.
- Öhquist, Harald (1949). Talvisota minun näkökulmastani. Helsinki: WSOY. (in Finnish)
- Ries, Tomas (1988). Cold Will: Defence of Finland. Brassey's. ISBN 0-08-033592-6.
- Schwartz, Andrew J. (1960). America and the Russo-Finnish War. Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press.
- Trotter, William R (1991). A Frozen Hell: The Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939-1940 (also published as The Winter War). Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. ISBN 1-56512-249-6.
- Upton, Anthony F. (1974). Finland 1939-1940 (University of Delaware Press, Newark: part of series The Politics and Strategy of the Second World War) ISBN 0-87413-156-1
- Van Dyke, Carl (1997). The Soviet Invasion of Finland, 1939-40. Frank Cass Publishers. ISBN 0-7146-4314-9.
- Vehviläinen, Olli (2002). Finland in the Second World War: Between Germany and Russia. New York: Palgrave. ISBN 0-333-80149-0.
- "Finland i Krig 1939-1940" - multiple authors. ISBN 0-951-1182-5
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External links
- Furious Front Across Finland
- USSR expulsion from League of Nations from the League of Nations' Official Journal
- The Battles of the Winter War comprehensively covered by Sami H. E. Korhonen
- The Front Museum on the Hanko Peninsula, documenting the lease of Hanko to the USSR
- Finnish wartime photos and history website Stories by veterans, historians, and wartime pictures.
- Halford Mackinder's Necessary War An essay describing the Winter War in a larger strategic context of World War II
- Winter War (Serbian)
- Those Burly Fins, History House magazine article
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