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Washington, D.C.



Crime in the District of Columbia is least common in Northwest Washington and becomes more widespread further east.
Crime in the District of Columbia is least common in Northwest Washington and becomes more widespread further east.
Main article: Crime in Washington, D.C.
See also: Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia

During the violent crime wave of the early 1990s, Washington, D.C., was known as the "murder capital" of the United States and often rivaled New Orleans in the number of homicides.[105] The number of murders peaked in 1991 at 482, but the level of violence declined drastically in the 1990s. By 2006, the annual murder count in the city had declined to 169.[106] Other forms of property crime, including thefts and robberies, also declined by similar percentages.[107] Despite the declining trends, the FBI's 2006 Uniform Crime Report still ranks overall crime in Washington as the seventh-highest in the nation among cities with populations over 250,000.

Like most large cities, crime is typically restricted to specific areas that are associated with illegal drugs and gangs. The more affluent neighborhoods of Northwest Washington experience low levels of crime, but the incidence of crime increases as one goes further east (see map at right). Once plagued with violent crime, many D.C. neighborhoods such as Columbia Heights and Logan Circle are becoming safe and vibrant areas due to the effects of gentrification. As a result, crime in the District is being displaced even further east and across the border into Prince George's County, Maryland.[108]

On March 16, 2008, the Supreme Court of the United States heard oral arguments in the case of District of Columbia v. Heller. The plaintiffs in the case argue that the District of Columbia's 36-year-old ban on handguns violates their Second Amendment rights to gun ownership. City leaders, including Mayor Adrian Fenty and D.C. Chief of Police Cathy Lanier, are in favor of the ban. A decision is expected in June 2008.[109]

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Education and healthcare

See also: List of colleges and universities in Washington, D.C., List of parochial and private schools in Washington, D.C., and Health in Washington, D.C.
Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School
Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School

The public school system in the city is operated by District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) and currently consists of 167 schools and learning centers. In the 2007-2008 school year, 49,076 students were enrolled in the public school system. Enrollment in DCPS has been steadily decreasing and by next year the city expects total enrollment to fall to 47,700.[110] DCPS has one of the highest-cost yet lowest-performing school systems in the country both in terms of infrastructure and student achievement.[111] DCPS had only one school in the U.S. News and World Report's 2008 ranking of the nation's top 100 high schools. By comparison, suburban Washington public school systems had a total of 14 schools on the list.[112] Public postsecondary education is provided by the University of the District of Columbia (UDC).

Under a massive restructuring of the city's school system in 2007, the D.C. Council granted the mayor's office near-total authority over D.C. public schools. Mayor Fenty's new superintendent of DCPS, Chancellor Michelle Rhee, has made sweeping changes to the school system by cutting administration staff, firing principals, ending teacher seniority, and even closing schools altogher.[113] Due to the problems with the D.C. public school system, enrollment in public charter schools has increased 13 percent each year since 2001. As of fall 2007, D.C. charter schools had a total enrollment of 21,859 students.[114] The District of Columbia Public Charter School Board monitors the 56 public charter schools in the city.[115] The District is also home to some of the nation's most renowned private high schools. Many important political figures and their children have attended St. Albans and Sidwell Friends, including Chelsea Clinton who attended Sidwell during her father's presidency.

Howard University's Founders Library.
Howard University's Founders Library.

Washington is home to many notable universities including The George Washington University (GWU), Georgetown University (GU), American University (AU), The Catholic University of America (CUA), Howard University, Gallaudet University, and The Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). The Corcoran College of Art and Design provides specialized arts instruction and other higher-education institutions offer continuing, distance and adult education.

The District is a national center for patient care and medical research as well. There are a total of 16 medical centers and hospitals located within the District of Columbia.[116] There are also numerous medical research centers in the Washington area, most notably the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Washington Hospital Center (WHC) is the largest hospital campus in the District and is both the largest private and the largest non-profit hospital in the Washington Metropolitan Area. Immediately adjacent to the WHC is the Children's National Medical Center. Children's is among the highest ranked pediatric hospitals in the country according to U.S. News and World Report.[117] Many of the city's prominent universities including Georgetown, George Washington and Howard have medical schools and associated teaching hospitals. Walter Reed Army Medical Center is located in Northwest Washington and provides care for active-duty and retired personnel and their dependents.

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Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Washington, D.C.
Metro Center is the transfer station for the Red, Orange, and Blue Metrorail lines
Metro Center is the transfer station for the Red, Orange, and Blue Metrorail lines

Washington, D.C. is often cited as having some of the nation's worst traffic and congestion. In 2008, Forbes magazine found that Washington commuters spend 60 hours a year in traffic, which tied Atlanta, Georgia for having the worst traffic in the country after Los Angeles. However, the Washington area also has the second-highest number of commuters in the country who walk, bike, carpool, or take public transportation.[118]

The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) operates the city's rapid transit system, Metrorail (most often referred to as simply "the Metro"), as well as Metrobus. The subway and bus systems serve both the District of Columbia and the immediate Maryland and Virginia suburbs. Metrorail opened on March 27, 1976 and presently consists of 86 stations and 106.3 miles (171.1 km) of track. With an average 750,000 trips each weekday, Metrorail is the nation's second-busiest subway system after New York City. Trains operate both aboveground and underground (primarily in the District).[119]

Due to population growth in the Washington area, WMATA expects an average one million Metrorail riders daily by 2030. The need to increase capacity has pushed up plans to add two-hundred trains to the system and reroute subway lines to alleviate congestion at the busiest stations.[120] Further, long-delayed plans to construct two additional Metro lines have since been revived with a new push to enlarge the transit system.[121] The surrounding jurisdictions in the Washington area also have local bus systems, such as Montgomery County's "Ride On," which compliment service provided by WMATA. Metrorail, Metrobus and all local public bus systems accept SmarTrip, a reloadable transit pass.[122]

Union Station is the second-busiest train station in the United States, after Penn Station in New York, and serves as the southern terminus of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and Acela Express service. Maryland's MARC and Virginia's VRE commuter trains also provide service into Union Station.[123] Union Station also has its own Metro stop on the Red line. Intercity bus service is available from the Greyhound Lines terminal in Northeast D.C. near the New York Ave-Florida Ave-Gallaudet Metro station.[124] Other private bus lines, such as the low-cost Chinatown "dragon" buses, mainly provide service between Washington, D.C. and New York City.[125]

Interior of terminals B and C at Ronald Reagan National Airport
Interior of terminals B and C at Ronald Reagan National Airport

Washington, D.C. is served by three major airports, one in Maryland and two in Virginia. Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (IATA: DCA, ICAO: KDCA) is located just across the Potomac River from downtown D.C. in Arlington County, Virginia. It is the only Washington-area airport that has its own Metrorail station. Given its proximity to the city Reagan National has noise restrictions and extra security precautions as required by the Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ).[126] Additionally, Reagan National does not have U.S. Customs and Border Protection and therefore can only provide international service to airports that permit United States border preclearance including: Nassau, Bahamas; Bermuda; Toronto; Ottawa; and Montréal.[127]

Major international flights arrive and depart from Washington Dulles International Airport (IATA: IAD, ICAO: KIAD), located 26.3 miles (42.3 km) west of the city in Fairfax and Loudoun counties in Virginia. Dulles serves as the major east coast airline hub for United Airlines. Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (IATA: BWI, ICAO: KBWI), located 31.7 miles (51.0 km) northeast of the city in Anne Arundel County, Maryland serves as a hub for both Southwest and Airtran airlines.

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Sister cities

Washington, D.C.'s sister cities as designated by Sister Cities International are:

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See also

District of Columbia Portal

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References

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  128. ^ Paris is a "Partner City" due to the one Sister City policy of that commune (Seule Paris est digne de Rome; seule Rome est digne de Paris - Solo Parigi è degna di Roma; Solo Roma è degna di Parigi - "Only Paris is worthy of Rome; Only Rome is worthy of Paris")
    Only Paris is worthy of Rome; Only Rome is worthy of Paris. Retrieved on 2007-11-21.

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Landmarks of Washington, D.C.

Adams Memorial (grave marker) · African American Civil War Memorial · Albert Einstein Memorial · District of Columbia War Memorial · Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial · George Mason Memorial · James A. Garfield Monument · Jefferson Memorial · Jefferson Pier · John Ericsson National Memorial · John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts · Korean War Veterans Memorial · Lincoln Memorial · Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac · National Japanese American Memorial To Patriotism During World War II · National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial · National World War II Memorial · Navy-Marine Memorial · Oscar Straus Memorial · Outdoor sculpture in Washington, D.C. · Peace Monument · President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home · Robert A. Taft Memorial · The Extra Mile · The Three Soldiers · Theodore Roosevelt Island · Ulysses S. Grant Memorial · United States Navy Memorial · Victims of Communism Memorial · Vietnam Veterans Memorial · Vietnam Women's Memorial · Washington Monument · Women's Titanic Memorial · Zero Milestone




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