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United States Navy



Navy special operations fall under the jurisdiction of Naval Special Warfare Command, the Navy branch of United States Special Operations Command. Within Naval Special Warfare Command are seven operational entities: four Special Warfare Groups, the Special Warfare Development Group, the Operational Support Group, and the Special Warfare Center.

  • Naval Special Warfare Group ONE and Group TWO each consist of four teams of Navy SEALs and a few Naval Special Warfare (NSW) Units. NSW units are charged with overall command and control and planning of special operations within their geographic jurisdiction.
  • Group FOUR comprises all of the Navy's Special Boat Teams.
  • The U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group, also known as Dev Group or DEVGRU, is the United States military's premier Maritime Counter-Terrorism unit. While the Navy confirms the existence of the unit, it merely states that the role of Dev Group is to test, evaluate, and develop technology and maritime, ground and airborne tactics for Navy Special Warfare; no official mention of counter-terrorism concerning DEVGRU is made. Though much of the information regarding this unit is classified, it is estimated that the group consists of approximately 200 active operators.[47]
  • The Operational Support Group is the reserve element of NSWC, providing support to active units when necessary.[48]

Although not under the jurisdiction of NSW Command, Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal Units often work closely with special operations teams. Trained to be combat-ready and highly mobile, EOD units are entrusted with nullifying hazardous ordnance in a number of different maritime environments.[49] They are also able to conduct underwater anti-mine operations using marine mammals.[50]

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Naval Expeditionary Combat Command

Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC), established in January 2006, serves as the single functional command for the Navy's expeditionary forces and as central management for the readiness, resources, manning, training and equipping of those forces.

NECC consolidates, aligns and integrates diverse expeditionary capabilities and combat support elements to create consistent expeditionary practices, procedures, requirements and logistics in the battle space. NECC’s enterprise approach will yield improved efficiencies and effectiveness through economies of scale and common processes.

NECC is a command element and force provider for integrated maritime expeditionary missions. NECC is a core expeditionary force providing effective waterborne and ashore anti-terrorism, force protection, theater security cooperation and engagement, and humanitarian assistance/disaster relief contingencies. Upon request, NECC supplements Coast Guard homeland security requirements while training and equipping forces to support mission requirements.

NECC capabilities include; Explosive Ordnance Disposal, Maritime Expeditionary Security, Riverine, Diving Operations, Naval Construction, Maritime Civil Affairs, Expeditionary Training, Expeditionary Logistics, Expeditionary Intelligence, Combat Camera, Expeditionary Combat Readiness, and Maritime Expeditionary Security.

The Maritime Expeditionary Security Force’s (MESF) (formerly known as Naval Coastal Warfare) primary mission is force protection conducted through fleet support with operations around the world. Anti-Terrorism and Force Protection missions include harbor and homeland defense, coastal surveillance, and special missions. Specialized units work together with MESF squadron staffs providing intelligence and communications. MESF units deploy worldwide to detect, deter, and defend an area, unit, or High Value Asset. Recent locations include the United States, Korea, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, and Egypt.

Two Maritime Expeditionary Security Groups in San Diego and Portsmouth, Va. provide centralized planning, control, training, coordination, equipping, and integration of coastal warfare assets trained to operate in high density, multi-threat environments. Units conduct force protection of strategic shipping and naval vessels operating in the inshore and coastal assets, anchorages and harbors, from bare beach to sophisticated port facilities.

Members of Inshore Boat Unit 24 patrol near Kuwait Naval Base.
Members of Inshore Boat Unit 24 patrol near Kuwait Naval Base.

Coastal and harbor defense and protection of naval assets are placed under the jurisdiction of two Naval Coastal Warfare Groups: one for the Pacific Fleet and one for the Atlantic Fleet. Within these groups are Mobile Security Squadrons and Naval Coastal Warfare Squadrons. MSSs deploy Mobile Security Detachments that provide force protection for high value naval targets in ports and harbors where U.S. shore infrastructure is limited or does not exist. Naval Coastal Warfare Squadrons provide surveillance and security in harbors, coasts, and inshore areas. They comprise Mobile Inshore Undersea Warfare Units (MIUWUs) and Inshore Boat Units (IBUs). MIUWUs are charged with security, observation, and communications support for commanders operating in an inshore/coast environment, including anchorages and harbors. In the same operating environment, IBUs manage water craft for security, interdiction and surveillance.

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Naval culture

First and Current U.S. Naval Jack
First and Current U.S. Naval Jack
Former U.S. Naval Jack
Former U.S. Naval Jack
The Lone Sailor Statue at the United States Navy Memorial in Washington DC
The Lone Sailor Statue at the United States Navy Memorial in Washington DC

The current naval jack of the United States is the First Navy Jack, traditionally regarded as having been used during the American Revolutionary War. On May 31, 2002, Secretary of the Navy Gordon England directed all U.S. naval ships to fly the First Navy Jack for the duration of the War on Terrorism. Many ships chose to shift colors later that year on the first anniversary of the September 11, 2001 attacks. The previous naval jack was a blue field with 50 white stars, identical to the canton of the ensign (the Flag of the United States) both in appearance and size. A jack of similar design was used in 1794, though with 13 stars arranged in a 3–2–3–2–3 pattern. When a ship is moored or anchored, the jack is flown from the bow of the ship while the ensign is flown from the stern. When underway, the ensign is raised on the mainmast. The First Naval Jack, however, has always been flown on the oldest ship in the American fleet. Currently, USS CONSTITUTION holds that honor.

Over the course of the United States Navy's 207-year existence, a distinct jargon has evolved among American sailors and has become a normal part of their everyday speech. Modern U.S. Navy slang draws from a number of varied sources. It includes traditional sailing terms, archaic English words, and a plethora of acronyms, joke phrases, crude expressions, and abbreviations that have been created within the past hundred years.[51]


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Notable sailors

Main article: List of United States Navy people
John Paul Jones, America's first well-known navy hero.
John Paul Jones, America's first well-known navy hero.

Many past and present United States historical figures have served in the Navy. Notable officers include John Paul Jones, James Lawrence, whose last words "Don't give up the ship" are memorialized in Bancroft Hall at the US Naval Academy, Oliver Hazard Perry, Commodore Matthew Perry, who fully opened Tokugawa-era Japan to the West, and Chester Nimitz, Admiral of the Pacific Fleet in World War II. A number of former Presidents were in the Navy as well, including John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and George H.W. Bush. Both Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt were the Assistant Secretary of the Navy prior to their Presidencies. Some members of the United States Senate and House of Representatives, for example John McCain and John Kerry, have also seen Navy service. Other notable former members of the U.S. Navy include astronauts, entertainers, authors, and professional athletes such as David Robinson and Roger Staubach.

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References

  1. ^ a b Status of the Navy. U.S. Navy Official Website. Accessed November 28, 2007.
  2. ^ "Constitution of the United States". The National Archives Experience. Accessed July 25, 2006.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Palmer, Michael A. "The Navy: The Continental Period, 1775-1890". Department of the Navy - Naval Historical Center Official Website. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  4. ^ Work, Robert O. "Winning the Race:A Naval Fleet Platform Architecture for Enduring Maritime Supremacy". Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Online. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  5. ^ Briefing. United States Navy Office of Financial Operations. Accessed April 06, 2007.
  6. ^ "Birth of the U.S. Navy". Department of the Navy – Naval Historical Center Official Website. Accessed August 2, 2006.
  7. ^ "Birthplace of the Navy". Department of the Navy - Naval Historical Center Official Website. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  8. ^ a b c d Love, Robert W. Jr. History of the U.S. Navy Volume One: 1775-1941. Harrisburg: Stackpole Books, 1992.
  9. ^ a b c Howarth, Steven. To Shining Sea: A history of the United States Navy 1776-1991. New York: Random House, 1991.
  10. ^ Crocker III, H. W. (2006). Don't Tread on Me. New York: Crown Forum, 302. ISBN 9781400053636. 
  11. ^ |Weighing the US Navy Defense & Security Analysis, Volume 17, Issue 3 December 2001 , pages 259 - 265
  12. ^ King, Ernest J., USN. "Major Combatant Ships Added to United States Fleet, 7 December 1941 - 1 October 1945". U.S. Navy at War 1941-1945: Official Report to the Secretary of the Navy. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  13. ^ Palmer, Michael A. "The Navy: The Transoceanic Period, 1945-1992". Department of the Navy - Naval Historical Center Official Website. Accessed April 08, 2006.
  14. ^ "Forward...From the Sea". Department of the Navy Website. Accessed July 25, 2006.
  15. ^ Jim Garamone (2007-10-17). Sea Services Unveil New Maritime Strategy. Navy News Service. Retrieved on 2008-05-26.
  16. ^ The Coast Guard is often believed to act as the First Fleet in wartime; however, the United States has never officially used this reference and it is informal at best. "Numbered Fleets". There was a time in history in which the Navy was disbanded 1790-1798. The only warships protecting the country were Revenue Cutters, the predecessor to the USCG. This is why USCG ships are referred to as Cutters. Federation of American Scientists: Military Analysis Network. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  17. ^ "Navy Reestablishes U.S. Fourth Fleet", US Navy, April 24, 2008.
  18. ^ "Military Sealift Command". Official U.S. Navy Website.Accessed July 24, 2006.
  19. ^ "Naval Special Warfare Command"Official U.S. Navy Website. Accessed February 1, 2008.
  20. ^ USMC Public affairs -- Recon Marines seek green-side corpsmen.
  21. ^ [1] 14 USC 3. Relationship to Navy Department.
  22. ^ Admiral of the Navy George Dewey, USN. Naval Historical Center Official Website. Accessed May 16, 2007.
  23. ^ Naval Traditions: Names of Ranks. Naval Historical Center Official Website. Accessed May 16, 2007.
  24. ^ "Task Force Uniform". Navy Personnel Command. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  25. ^ Foutch, Michael, USN. "New Navy Working Uniform and Service Uniform Concepts Approved". Navy newsstand. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  26. ^ [2]. New Navy Working Uniform and Service Uniform Concepts Approved. Accessed March 2, 2006.
  27. ^ "Chapter 2: Grooming Regulations". U.S. Navy Uniform Regulations. Accessed July 21, 2006.
  28. ^ Naval Station Everett. Naval Station Everett Official Site. Accessed April 18, 2006.
  29. ^ Guam. Globalsecurity.org. Accessed May 19, 2007.
  30. ^ Yokosuka, Japan. Globalsecurity.org. Accessed April 19, 2006.
  31. ^ USN Ship Naming.Naval Historical Center Website. Accessed May 19, 2007
  32. ^ "CVN-65 Enterprise". Globalsecurity.org. Accessed March 7, 2007
  33. ^ "CVN-68 Nimitz Class". Globalsecurity.org. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  34. ^ "Why the carriers?". Official United States Navy website. Accessed March 7, 2007.
  35. ^ "Fact file - Aircraft Carriers". Official United States Navy website. Accessed March 7, 2007.
  36. ^ "World Wide Aircraft Carriers". Globalsecurity.org. Accessed November 12, 2006.
  37. ^ The US Navy Aircraft Carriers. Official U.S. Navy Website. Accessed August 20, 2006.
  38. ^ "Carrier Design". Globalsecurity.org. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  39. ^ "FFG-7 OLIVER HAZARD PERRY-class Program Status". Globalsecurity.org. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  40. ^ "Submarine Missions". Globalsecurity.org. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  41. ^ "SSN-571 Nautilus". Globalsecurity.org. Accessed July 20, 2006.
  42. ^ "A Brief History of U.S. Navy Aircraft Carriers: Part I - The Early Years". U.S. Navy Official Website. Accessed April 9, 2006.
  43. ^ "F-35C Joint Strike Fighter". Globalsecurity.org. Accessed July 18, 2006.
  44. ^ "Trident Fleet Ballistic Missile". U.S. Navy Official Website. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  45. ^ "SEAL Missions". Official U.S. Navy SEAL Information Website. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  46. ^ "U.S. Navy Special Boat Squadrons". Global Special Operations 101. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  47. ^ "Naval Special Warfare Development Group". Specialoperations.com. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  48. ^ Naval Special Warfare Reshapes Reserves
  49. ^ "United States Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal". Specwarnet.com. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  50. ^ "U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Fleet Systems". U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program. Accessed April 8, 2006.
  51. ^ Naval Ceremonies, Customs, and Traditions / William Mack and Royal Connell - Naval Institute Press, 2004 - ISBN 1557503303
United States Navy Portal
Military of the United States Portal

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