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United States
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Since the late nineteenth century, baseball has been regarded as the national sport; football, basketball, and ice hockey are the country's three other leading professional team sports. College football and basketball also attract large audiences. Football is now by several measures the most popular spectator sport in the United States.[213] Boxing and horse racing were once the most watched individual sports, but they have been eclipsed by golf and auto racing, particularly NASCAR. Soccer, though not a leading professional sport in the country, is played widely at the youth and amateur levels. Tennis and many outdoor sports are also popular.
While most major U.S. sports have evolved out of European practices, basketball, volleyball, skateboarding, and snowboarding are American inventions. Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact. Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States. The United States has won 2,191 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country,[214] and 216 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most.[215]
See also
References
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- ^ Intercity Passenger Rail: National Policy and Strategies Needed to Maximize Public Benefits from Federal Expenditures. U.S. Government Accountability Office (2006-11-13). Retrieved on 2007-06-20.
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- ^ Census Bureau Projects Tripling of Hispanic and Asian Populations in 50 Years; Non-Hispanic Whites May Drop To Half of Total Population. U.S. Census Bureau (2004-03-18). Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
- ^ California 2005 Population. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
- ^ New Mexico 2005 Population. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
- ^ Hawaii 2005 Population. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
- ^ Texas 2005 Population. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
- ^ District of Columbia 2005 Population. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-10-10.
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- ^ a b Table 1: Population Estimates for the 25 Largest U.S. Cities Based on July 1, 2006, Population Estimates: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006. 2006 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (2007-06-28). Retrieved on 2007-09-08.
- ^ a b Table 2. Population Estimates for the 100 Most Populous Metropolitan Statistical Areas Based on July 1, 2006, Population Estimates. 2006 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau (2007-04-05). Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
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- ^ Figure A–3. Census Regions, Census Divisions, and Their Constituent States. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
- ^ a b Table 47—Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2003. Statistical Abstract of the United States 2006. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
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- ^ Feder, Jody (2007-01-25). English as the Official Language of the United States—Legal Background and Analysis of Legislation in the 110th Congress. ILW.COM (Congressional Research Service). Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
- ^ The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4. Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau (1978-11-07). Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
- ^ Dicker, Susan J. (2003). Languages in America: A Pluralist View. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, pp. 216, 220–25. ISBN 1853596515.
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- ^ Religion. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
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The study is referenced in the U.S. Census Bureau's Statistical Abstract of the United States Self-Described Religious Identification of Adult Population: 1990 and 2001.
- ^ Green, John C.. The American Religious Landscape and Political Attitudes: A Baseline for 2004. University of Akron. Retrieved on 2007-06-18.
- ^ Eskridge, Larry (2006). How Many Evangelicals Are There?. Defining Evangelicalism. Wheaton College, Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals. Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
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- ^ Educational Attainment in the United States: 2003. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2006-08-01.
- ^ For more detail on U.S. literacy, see A First Look at the Literacy of America’s Adults in the 21st century, U.S. Department of Education (2003).
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- ^ Eberstadt, Nicholas, and Hans Groth (2007-04-19). Healthy Old Europe. International Herald Tribune. Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
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- ^ Schlosser, Eric (2002). Fast Food Nation. New York: Perennial, p. 240. ISBN 0060938455.
- ^ Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. American Heart Association (2005). Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
- ^ Adolescent Sexual Health in Europe and the U.S.—Why the Difference?. Advocates for Youth (October 2001). Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
- ^ Strauss, Lilo T., et al. (2006-11-24). Abortion Surveillance—United States, 2003. MMWR. Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health. Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
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- ^ a b Crime in the United States by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 1987–2006. Crime in the United States 2006. FBI (September 2007). Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
- ^ Crimes by Type of Offence. Statistics Canada (2007-08-08). Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
- ^ Miller, Matthew, Deborah Azrael, and David Hemenway (December 2002). Rates of Household Firearm Ownership and Homicide Across US Regions and States, 1988–1997. American Journal of Public Health. Retrieved on 2007-06-19. Hepburn, Lisa M., and David Hemenway (July 2004). Firearm Availability and Homicide: A Review of the Literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior. ScienceDirect. Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
- ^ a b c New Incarceration Figures: Thirty-Three Consecutive Years of Growth. Sentencing Project (December 2006). Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
- ^ Walmsley, Roy (2005). World Prison Population List. King's College London, International Centre for Prison Studies. Archived from the original on 2007-06-28. Retrieved on 2007-10-19. For the latest detailed country data, see Prison Brief for United States of America. King's College London, International Centre for Prison Studies (2006-06-21). Archived from the original on 2007-08-04. Retrieved on 2007-10-19. There are reports that China's actual prison population and incarceration rate and North Korea's incarceration rate may exceed those of the United States. See Adams, Cecil (2004-02-06). Does the United States Lead the World in Prison Population?. The Straight Dope. Retrieved on 2007-10-11.
- ^ Pew Report Finds More than One in 100 Adults are Behind Bars. Pew Center on the States (2008-02-28). Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
- ^ Incarceration Rate, 1980–2005. U.S. Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics (2006). Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
- ^ Entire World—Prison Population Rates per 100,000 of the National Population. King's College London, International Centre for Prison Studies (2007). Archived from the original on 2007-08-24. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
- ^ The Impact of the War on Drugs on U.S. Incarceration. Human Rights Watch (May 2000). Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
- ^ Executions in the United States in 2007. Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved on 2007-06-15.
- ^ Executions Around the World. Death Penalty Information Center (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-15.
- ^ Fiorina, Morris P., and Paul E. Peterson (2000). The New American Democracy. London: Longman, p. 97. ISBN 0321070585.
- ^ Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). Africanisms in American Culture, 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. ISBN 0253344794. Johnson, Fern L. (1999). Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States. Thousand Oaks, Calif., London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. ISBN 0803959125.
- ^ Gutfield, Amon (2002). American Exceptionalism: The Effects of Plenty on the American Experience. Brighton and Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 65. ISBN 1903900085.
- ^ Vanneman, Reeve; Lynn Weber Cannon (1988). The American Perception of Class. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. ISBN 0877225931. Zweig, Michael (2004). What's Class Got To Do With It, American Society in the Twenty-First Century. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801488990. Effects of Social Class and Interactive Setting on Maternal Speech. Education Resource Information Center. Retrieved on 2007-01-27.
- ^ Ehrenreich, Barbara (1989). Fear of Falling, The Inner Life of the Middle Class. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0060973331.
- ^ Eichar, Douglas (1989). Occupation and Class Consciousness in America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313261113.
- ^ O'Keefe, Kevin (2005). The Average American. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 158648270X.
- ^ Women's Advances in Education. Columbia University, Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy (2006). Retrieved on 2007-06-06.
- ^ Burge, Kathleen (2003-11-18). SJC: Gay Marriage Legal in Mass.. Boston Globe. Retrieved on 2007-07-14.
- ^ Marriage in the Fifty States. Heritage Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-02-22.
- ^ Pym, John, ed. (2000). Time Out Film Guide, 8th ed. London and New York: Penguin, pp. x–xi (top 100 poll conducted in 1995). ISBN 014028365X; Village Voice: 100 Best Films of the 20th century (2001). Filmsite.org; Sight and Sound Top Ten Poll 2002. BFI. Retrieved on June 19, 2007.
- ^ World Culture Report 2000 Calls for Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage. UNESCO (2000-11-17). Retrieved on 2007-09-14. Summary: Does Globalization Thwart Cultural Diversity?. World Bank Group. Retrieved on 2007-09-14.
- ^ Media Statistics > Television Viewing by Country. NationMaster. Retrieved on 2007-06-03.
- ^ Broadband and Media Consumption. eMarketer (2007-06-07). Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
- ^ TV Fans Spill into Web Sites. eMarketer (2007-06-07). Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
- ^ Digital Fact Pack 2007 (pp. 18–20). Advertising Age (2007-04-23). Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
- ^ Digital Fact Pack 2007 (pp. 21). Advertising Age (2007-04-23). Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
- ^ Meyers, Jeffrey (1999). Hemingway: A Biography. New York: Da Capo, p. 139. ISBN 0306808900.
- ^ Brown, Milton W. (1988 1963). The Story of the Armory Show. New York: Abbeville. ISBN 0896597954.
- ^ a b Klapthor, James N. (2003-08-23). What, When, and Where Americans Eat in 2003. Institute of Food Technologists. Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
- ^ Smith, Andrew F. (2004). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 131–32. ISBN 0195154371. Levenstein, Harvey (2003). Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, pp. 154–55. ISBN 0520234391.
- ^ Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. American Heart Association (2005). Retrieved on 2007-06-09. Let's Eat Out: Americans Weigh Taste, Convenience, and Nutrition. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Retrieved on 2007-06-09.
- ^ Krane, David K. (2002-10-30). Professional Football Widens Its Lead Over Baseball as Nation's Favorite Sport. Harris Interactive. Retrieved on 2007-09-14. Maccambridge, Michael (2004). America's Game: The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation. New York: Random House. ISBN 0375504540.
- ^ All-Time Medal Standings, 1896–2004. Information Please. Retrieved on 2007-06-14.
- ^ All-Time Medal Standings, 1924–2006. Information Please. Retrieved on 2007-06-14. Norway is first; the Soviet Union is third, and would be second if its medal count was combined with Russia's.
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