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United Kingdom



Main article: Art of the United Kingdom
Flint Castle, by J. M. W. Turner (c.1775 – 1851).
Flint Castle, by J. M. W. Turner (c.1775 – 1851).

The Royal Academy is located in London. Other major schools of art include the Slade School of Art; the six-school University of the Arts, London, which includes the Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design and Chelsea College of Art and Design; the Glasgow School of Art, and Goldsmiths, University of London. This commercial venture is one of Britain's foremost visual arts organisations. Major British artists include Sir Joshua Reynolds, Thomas Gainsborough, John Constable, William Blake, J. M. W. Turner, William Morris, L.S. Lowry, Francis Bacon, Lucian Freud, David Hockney, Gilbert and George, Richard Hamilton, Peter Blake, Howard Hodgkin, Antony Gormley, and Anish Kapoor. During the late 1980s and 1990s, the Saatchi Gallery in London brought to public attention a group of multigenre artists who would become known as the Young British Artists. Damien Hirst, Chris Ofili, Rachel Whiteread, Tracy Emin, Mark Wallinger, Steve McQueen, Sam Taylor-Wood, and the Chapman Brothers are among the better known members of this loosely affiliated movement.

Symbols

Further information: Symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man
Flag Country Patron saint Flower
Flag of England England St. George Red and White Rose
Flag of Scotland Scotland St. Andrew Thistle
Flag of Wales Wales St. David Leek/Daffodil
Northern Ireland St. Patrick Shamrock/Flax
There is no official National flag of Northern Ireland following the Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973 or any unofficial flag universally supported in Northern Ireland. The use of various flags in Northern Ireland is contentious. However, the Ulster Banner is often used for sporting events. See Northern Ireland flags issue and The Union Flags and flags of the United Kingdom
The Statue of Britannia in Plymouth.
The Statue of Britannia in Plymouth.
  • Britannia is a personification of the United Kingdom, originating from the Roman occupation of southern and central Great Britain.[137] Britannia is symbolised as a young woman with brown or golden hair, wearing a Corinthian helmet and white robes. She holds Poseidon's three-pronged trident and a shield, bearing the Union Flag. Sometimes she is depicted as riding the back of a lion. At and since the height of the British Empire, Britannia has often associated with maritime dominance, as in the patriotic song Rule Britannia.
  • The lion has been used as a symbol of the United Kingdom; one is depicted behind Britannia on the 50 pence piece and one is shown crowned on the back of the 10 pence piece. It is used as a symbol on the non-ceremonial flag of the British Army. Lions have been used as heraldic devices, including in the royal arms of the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Kingdom of Gwynedd in Wales. The lion is featured on the emblem of the England national football team, giving rise to the popular football anthem Three Lions, and the England national cricket team. The "three lions" on the English coat of arms were originally two leopards. An extra leopard was added by Richard the Lionheart and with the help of his name, they became known as three lions. They are now drawn to look more like lions. Leopards are traditionally depicted lying down whereas lions were drawn standing on all fours or up on their hind legs attacking, as in the Scottish Lion Rampant.
  • Britain (especially England) has been personified as the character John Bull, although this character is rarely used in modern times.

Miscellaneous data

  • Mobile frequency: GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS 2100
  • Mobile technology: GSM/GPRS/EDGE/UMTS/HSDPA
  • Date format: DD/MM/YY (example: 22/12/05) or 22 December 2005 (22nd December 2005 widely used if date is written in words)
  • Time format: Generally 12-hour format when spoken or in writing (example: 5:15 pm), 24-hour format is used in some official documentation, timetables and by the military (example: 17:15 or 1715). A full stop may be used instead of the colon when writing the time; for instance, 5.15 pm.
  • Decimal separator is a full stop: 123.45
  • Thousands are separated by a comma - 10,000 - or with a space - 10 000.
  • In Britain, a billion used to represent 1,000,000,000,000 (1012 or one million million) but this has fallen into disuse and a billion is now commonly seen as 1,000,000,000 (109 or a thousand million also formerly called a milliard). See long and short scales.
  • Voltage: 230V (+10% / -6%), 50 Hz; British 3-pin power plugs and sockets
  • Postal code: UK postcodes
  • Driving is on the left.
  • Measurements: Metric; except road transportation (distances and speeds, and size restrictions are still signed in Imperial units) and beer and cider which, when sold in pubs, must be sold in quantities of 1/3 pint, 1/2 pint, or multiples of 1/2 pint.[138]

See also

Main article: List of basic United Kingdom topics
v • d • e
United Kingdom topics
Primary subdivisions
History
Law
Politics
Geography
Economy
Military
Demographics
Culture
Portal

References

  1. ^ UK population grows to 60.6 million. Office for National Statisticsf. Retrieved on August 22, 2007.
  2. ^ CIA World Factbook[Gini rankings]
  3. ^ See British Isles (terminology) for further explanation of the usage of the term "Britain" in geographical and political contexts.
  4. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved on 2007-09-25. “Island country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe”
  5. ^ www.number-10.gov.uk. Countries within a country. Retrieved on 2007-06-13. “Countries within a country”
  6. ^ Member States: United Kingdom. UK Presidency of the EU 2005. Retrieved on May 29, 2006.
  7. ^ The break-up of the union now appears inevitable guardian.co.uk, January 10, 2008
  8. ^ An Act of Disunion bbc.co.uk, January 16, 2007
  9. ^ UK gov explanation of names.
  10. ^ UK Overseas Territories. Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
  11. ^ Ferguson, Niall (2004). Empire, The rise and demise of the British world order and the lessons for global power. Basic Books. ISBN 0465023282. 
  12. ^ The Treaty (or Act) of Union, 1707. Retrieved on 2006-05-15.
  13. ^ The Act of Union. Act of Union Virtual Library. Retrieved on 2006-05-15.
  14. ^ Ferguson, Niall (2003). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-02328-2. 
  15. ^ The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921. CAIN. Retrieved on 2006-05-15.
  16. ^ Modest progress but always on back foot. Times Online (2005-12-21). Retrieved on 2006-05-16.
  17. ^ European Constitution: bad for Britain, bad for Europe. Conservative Party. Retrieved on 2006-05-23.
  18. ^ Official UK Parliament web page on parliamentary sovereignty.
  19. ^ Sarah Carter. A Guide To the UK Legal System. University of Kent at Canterbury. Retrieved on 2006-05-16.
  20. ^ Europe Wins The Power To Jail British Citizens. The Times (2005-09-14).
  21. ^ news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1771635.stm.
  22. ^ Devolution review body launched BBC News, March 25, 2008
  23. ^ Wendy: 'Bring it on' Scotsman, May 5th, 2008
  24. ^ 41% of Scots back the break-up of the union Sunday Herald, April 13th, 2008
  25. ^ Structure and powers of the Assembly BBC News April 8th, 1999
  26. ^ What powers does the Welsh Assembly have? Guardian July 16th, 2007
  27. ^ "The Government is now expected to tear up its twelve-year-old plan to create eight or nine regional assemblies in England to mirror devolution in Scotland and Wales."Prescott's dream in tatters as North East rejects assembly. The Times. Retrieved on 2008-02-15.
  28. ^ Foster announces the future shape of local government, NI Executive
  29. ^ www.globalpowereurope.eu/.
  30. ^ Defence Spending.
  31. ^ www.sipri.org/contents/milap/milex/mex_trends.html.
  32. ^ www.hatareview.org/ardy.html.
  33. ^ www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,1394293,00.html.
  34. ^ www.henryjacksonsociety.org/sections/britain_world/naval_trident.
  35. ^ Permanent Joint Operating Bases, northwood.mod.uk
  36. ^ House of Commons Hansard, publications.parliament.uk
  37. ^ Annual Reports and Accounts 2004-05PDF (1.60 MiB). Ministry of Defence. Retrieved on 14 May 2006
  38. ^ Office for National Statistics UK 2005: The Official Yearbook of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, p. 89
  39. ^ Constitutional reform: A Supreme Court for the United KingdomPDF (252 KiB), Department for Constitutional Affairs. Retrieved on 2006-05-22
  40. ^ Crime over the last 25 years homeoffice.gov.uk
  41. ^ New record high prison population BBC News, February 8, 2008
  42. ^ Geography of Northern Ireland. University of Ulster. Retrieved on 2006-05-22.
  43. ^ UK population approaches 60 million. Office for National Statistics (2005-08-25). Retrieved on 2006-05-14.
  44. ^ Rising birth rate, longevity and migrants push population to more than 60 million. The Guardian (2006-08-25). Retrieved on 2006-08-25.
  45. ^ Population National Statistics
  46. ^ Census 2001: South East. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved on 2006-05-14.
  47. ^ All people population: City of London. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved on 2006-08-31.
  48. ^ UK population grows to 60.6 millionNational Statistics Online, Population estimates
  49. ^ UK fertility highest since 1980National Statistics Online, accessed April 26, 2008
  50. ^ www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=369.
  51. ^ Ethnicity: 7.9% from a non-White ethnic group. Office for National Statistics (2004-06-24). Retrieved on 2007-04-02.
  52. ^ Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): London. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
  53. ^ Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): Leicester. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
  54. ^ Census 2001 - Ethnicity and religion in England and Wales. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
  55. ^ Graeme Paton (2007-10-01). One fifth of children from ethnic minorities. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2008-03-28.
  56. ^ Immigration fails to stem European population loss. The Guardian (2006-08-17). Retrieved on 2006-08-20.
  57. ^ Half a million migrants pour into Britain in a year.
  58. ^ a b International migration: Net inflow rose in 2004. Office for National Statistics (2005-12-15). Retrieved on 2006-11-22.
  59. ^ International migration 2005: Net inflow 185,000. Office for National Statistics (2006-11-02). Retrieved on 2006-11-22.
  60. ^ Emigration soars as Britons desert the UK.
  61. ^ 1,500 migrants enter UK a day.
  62. ^ Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah and Catherine Drew (2006-12-11). Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration. Institute for Public Policy Research. Retrieved on 2007-01-20.
  63. ^ Brits Abroad. BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
  64. ^ 5.5 m Britons 'opt to live abroad'. BBC News (2006-12-11). Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
  65. ^ Indians largest group among new immigrants to UK.
  66. ^ 1500 immigrants arrive in Britain daily, report says.
  67. ^ Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun. The Guardian (2006-07-26). Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
  68. ^ Immigration 'far higher' than figures say. The Telegraph (2007-01-05). Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
  69. ^ Rainer Muenz (June 2006). Europe: Population and Migration in 2005. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved on 2007-04-02.
  70. ^ BBC Thousands in UK citizenship queue.
  71. ^ John Freelove Mensah, Persons Granted British Citizenship United Kingdom, 2006, Home Office Statistical Bulletin 08/07, 22 May 2007, accessed 21 September 2007
  72. ^ Fertility rate highest for 26 yearsNational Statistics, accessed April 13, 2008
  73. ^ Clare Murphy. "The EU's baby blues", BBC News, 2006-03-27. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 
  74. ^ Ben Leapman. "Britain's highest birth rates among migrants", Daily Telegraph, 2007-12-12. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. 
  75. ^ Home Office, Department for Work and Pensions, HM Revenue & Customs and Communities and Local Government, Accession Monitoring Report: A8 Countries, May 2004-June 2007, 21 August 2007, accessed 26 August 2007.
  76. ^ Naomi Pollard, Maria Latorre and Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah (2008-04-30). Floodgates or turnstiles? Post-EU enlargement migration flows to (and from) the UK. Institute for Public Policy Research. Retrieved on 2008-04-30.
  77. ^ "Half EU migrants 'have left UK'", BBC News, 2008-04-30. Retrieved on 2008-04-30. 
  78. ^ "UK gets 2.5m new foreign workers". 
  79. ^ Jacques Melitz (1999). English-Language Dominance, Literature and Welfare. Centre for Economic Policy Research. Retrieved on 2006-05-26.
  80. ^ Welsh today by Prof. Peter Wynn Thomasbbc.co.uk
  81. ^ Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2005PDF (1.64 MiB). Page 9. European Commission. Retrieved on 7 December 2006
  82. ^ Tearfund Survey 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-05.
  83. ^ British Social Attitudes Survey, National Centre for Social Research, 2004 (published 2006-02-20), <http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5329>. Retrieved on 25 February 2008 
  84. ^ UK Census 2001. Retrieved on 2007-04-22.
  85. ^ 'Fringe' Church winning the believers Timesonline, December 19, 2006
  86. ^ We need imams who can speak to young Muslims in their own words. The Times (2006-08-05). Retrieved on 2006-08-09.
  87. ^ Veil: British papers back Straw. CNN (2006-07-10). Retrieved on 2006-05-11.
  88. ^ Census 2001 - Profiles. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved on 2007-01-27.
  89. ^ Hinduism in Britain today. International Society for Krishna Consciousness. Retrieved on 2007-04-22.
  90. ^ Census 2001 - Profiles. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved on 2007-12-02.
  91. ^ Religion: 2001 Census National Statistics website.
  92. ^ Forbes Global 2000. Forbes (4 April 2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-09.
  93. ^ Index of Services (experimental). Office for National Statistics (2006-04-26). Retrieved on 2006-05-24.
  94. ^ Lazarowicz (Labour MP), Mark (2003-04-30). Debate on Scottish financial services industry. Retrieved on 2006-05-16.
  95. ^ Sassen, Saskia (2001). The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, 2nd edition, Princeton University Press. 
  96. ^ Report for Selected Countries and Subjects. International Monetary Fund (2005). Retrieved on 2006-05-15.
  97. ^ International Tourism ReceiptsPDF (1.10 MiB). UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2005 Page 12. World Tourism Organisation. Retrieved on 24 May 2006
  98. ^ Patricia Hewitt (2004-07-15). TUC Manufacturing Conference. Department for Trade and Industry. Retrieved on 2006-05-16.
  99. ^ The Pharmaceutical sector in the UK. Department of Trade and Industry. Retrieved on 2007-02-27.
  100. ^ Creative Industries Economic Estimates. DCMS (2007-03-09). Retrieved on 2007-03-09.
  101. ^ CIA World Factbook - United Kingdom. CIA (2005-02-28). Retrieved on 2007-02-08.
  102. ^ United Kingdom - Economy CIA - The World Factbook
  103. ^ Puritanism comes too naturally for 'Huck' Brown. Times Online (2007-07-24). Retrieved on 2007-07-24.
  104. ^ EMU Entry And EU Constitution. MORI (2005-02-28). Retrieved on 2006-05-17.
  105. ^ Increase in private school intake BBC News April 17th, 2007
  106. ^ MSPs vote to scrap endowment fee BBC News, February 28, 2008
  107. ^ United Kingdom. Humana. Retrieved on 2006-05-18.
  108. ^ Private school pupil numbers in decline guardian.co.uk November 9th, 2007
  109. ^ More state pupils in universities BBC News, July 19th, 2007
  110. ^ The top 200 world universities. Times Higher Education (2007-11-09). Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
  111. ^ news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4442223.stm.
  112. ^ news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6960432.stm.
  113. ^ NHS now four different systems BBC January 2, 2008
  114. ^ NHS workforce 'falls by 11,000' BBC News, March 14, 2007
  115. ^ About the NHS in Scotland NHS Scotland
  116. ^ Introduction to NHS Wales 1960's www.wales.nhs.uk
  117. ^ Introduction to NHS Wales - Staff www.wales.nhs.uk
  118. ^ Scottish Cabinet. Scottish Executive. Retrieved on 2007-05-26.
  119. ^ Tackling congestion on our roads. Department for Transport.
  120. ^ Delivering choice and reliability. Department for Transport.
  121. ^ Rod Eddington (December 2006). The Eddington Transport Study. UK Treasury.
  122. ^ "Blatter against British 2012 team", BBC News, 2008-03-09. Retrieved on 2008-04-02. 
  123. ^ "Chinese phone maker's fancy footwork", BBC News, 27 October 2003. Retrieved on 2006-08-09. 
  124. ^ http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html EuroCups Archive
  125. ^ Official Website of Rugby League World Cup 2008
  126. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica article on Shakespeare. Retrieved on 2006-02-26.
  127. ^ MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare. Retrieved on 2006-02-26.
  128. ^ Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare. Retrieved on 2006-02-26.
  129. ^ TV licensing: aged over 74.
  130. ^ ABC Newspaper Circulation Figures. The Times (2006-05-12). Retrieved on 2006-05-16.
  131. ^ Audit Bureau of Circulation Interactive Analysis National Newspaper Selection - Average Net Circulation (UK) 03-Jul-2006 to 30-Jul-2006. Retrieved on 2006-09-04. Lists the circulation of Daily Telegraph as 844,929 and The Times as 620,456.
  132. ^ The Newspaper Awards. Retrieved on 2007-05-19.
  133. ^ Scottish newspaper readership falls Business7, February 11, 2008
  134. ^ Britain second in world research rankings. The Guardian (2006-03-21). Retrieved on 2006-05-14.
  135. ^ Welsh dragon call for Union flag BBC News, November 27, 2007
  136. ^ It is sometimes asserted by those used to a legislative tradition that "God Save the King/Queen" is not the actual national anthem of the United Kingdom — or sometimes that it is the de facto national anthem — because no law has ever been passed to say that that is the case. In the United Kingdom, however, such laws are unnecessary; custom, practice and proclamation are sufficient to establish it as the official national anthem.
  137. ^ Britannia on British Coins. Chard. Retrieved on 2006-06-25.
  138. ^ Trading Standards Fact Sheet 19: The sale of drinks in public houses. Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council. Retrieved on 2008-03-07.

Footnotes

^  In the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous (regional) languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows:
Cornish: Rywvaneth Unys Breten Veur ha Kledhbarth Iwerdhon; Irish: Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann; Scots: Unitit Kinrick o Graet Breetain an Northren Irland; Scottish Gaelic: Rìoghachd Aonaichte Bhreatainn Mhòir agus Èireann a Tuath; Welsh: Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon.
^  This is the royal motto. In Scotland, the royal motto is the Scots phrase In My Defens God Me Defend (Shown in the abbreviated form "IN DEFENS"). There is a variant form of the coat-of-arms for use in Scotland; see Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom.
^  It serves as the de facto National Anthem as well asbeing the Royal anthem for several other countries.
^  English is established by de facto usage. In Wales, the Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg is tasked with ensuring that, "in the conduct of public business and the administration of justice, the English and Welsh languages should be treated on a basis of equality".[1][2] Bòrd na Gàidhlig is tasked with "securing the status of the Gaelic language as an official language of Scotland commanding equal respect to the English language".[3]
^ Under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages the Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish, Irish, Ulster Scots and Scots languages are officially recognised as Regional or Minority languages by the UK Government.[4] See also Languages in the United Kingdom.
^  CIA Factbook. Official estimate provided by the UK Office for National Statistics.[5]
^  ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 is GB, but .gb is practically unused. The .eu domain is shared with other European Union member states.

External links

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Geographic locale
v • d • e
Constituent countries and affiliations of the United Kingdom
Constituent countries
Overseas territories
Crown dependencies
Sovereign Base Areas
v • d • e
Countries of Europe

Albania · Andorra · Armenia2 · Austria · Azerbaijan1 · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus2 · Czech Republic · Denmark3 · Estonia · Finland · France1 · Georgia1 · Germany · Greece  · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy1 · Kazakhstan1 · Kosovo5 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Macedonia4 · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands3 · Norway3 · Poland · Portugal3 · Romania · Russia1 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain1 · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey1 · Ukraine · United Kingdom3 · Vatican City

1 Has part of its territory outside Europe.  2 Entirely in West Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe.  3 Has dependencies or similar territories outside Europe. 4 Name disputed by Greece; see Macedonia naming dispute. 5 Declared independence from Serbia on February 17 and is recognised by 43 countries including Taiwan.
v • d • e
The British Isles
Terminology · Naming dispute · Islands of the North Atlantic (IONA)
Politics
Ireland · United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK, consisting of England · Northern Ireland · Scotland · Wales)
Political cooperation
Geography
Island groups
Lists of islands of
History
Current states and
dependencies
Former states
Society
Modern languages
Peoples
 
European Union
 
International organisations
v • d • e
Commonwealth of Nations
Sovereign states
Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations
Dependencies
Australia
New Zealand
United Kingdom
v • d • e
States with an Anglophone majority – the Anglosphere
Europe
Guernsey • Jersey • Ireland • Isle of Man • United Kingdom
the Americas
Oceania
v • d • e
Commonwealth realms
v • d • e
Members of the Council of Europe
v • d • e
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
v • d • e
Members and candidates of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Members
Candidates
v • d • e
Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO)

Albania · Angola · Antigua and Barbuda · Argentina · Armenia · Australia · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Barbados · Belize · Benin · Bolivia · Botswana · Brazil · Brunei (Brunei Darussalam) · Burkina Faso · Burma · Burundi · Cambodia · Cameroon · Canada · Central African Republic · Chad · Chile · China (PRC) · Colombia · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Costa Rica · Côte d'Ivoire · Croatia · Cuba · Djibouti · Dominica · Dominican Republic · Ecuador · Egypt · El Salvador · European Union¹ · Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) · Fiji · Gabon · The Gambia · Georgia · Ghana · Grenada · Guatemala · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Guyana · Haiti · Honduras · Hong Kong² · Iceland · India · Indonesia · Israel · Jamaica · Japan · Jordan · Kenya · South Korea · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Lesotho · Liechtenstein · Macau² · Madagascar · Malawi · Malaysia · Maldives · Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Mexico · Moldova · Mongolia · Morocco · Mozambique · Namibia · Nepal · New Zealand · Nicaragua · Niger · Nigeria · Norway · Oman · Pakistan · Panama · Papua New Guinea · Paraguay · Peru · Philippines · Qatar · Rwanda · St. Kitts and Nevis · St. Lucia · St. Vincent and the Grenadines · Saudi Arabia · Senegal · Sierra Leone · Singapore · Solomon Islands · South Africa · Sri Lanka · Suriname · Swaziland · Switzerland · Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu³ · Tanzania · Thailand · Togo · Tonga · Trinidad and Tobago · Tunisia · Turkey · Uganda · Ukraine · United Arab Emirates · United States · Uruguay · Venezuela · Vietnam · Zambia · Zimbabwe

  1. All twenty-seven member states of the European Union are also members of the WTO in their own right: Austria • Belgium • Bulgaria • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Ireland • Italy • Latvia • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Malta • Netherlands and Netherlands Antilles • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Slovakia • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden • United Kingdom.
  2. Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.
  3. Designated name for the Republic of China (Chinese Taipei)
v • d • e
Group of Eight (G8)
Members: Flag of Canada Canada • Flag of France France • Flag of Germany Germany • Flag of Italy Italy • Flag of Japan Japan • Flag of Russia Russia • Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom • Flag of the United States United States
Additional representative: Flag of Europe European Union
v • d • e
Members of the United Nations Security Council
Permanent members
China · France · Russia · United Kingdom · United States
 Flag of the United Nations
Term ends December 31, 2008
Term ends December 31, 2009
v • d • e
Monarchies
Absolute monarchies
Crown of St. Edward
Constitutional
monarchies
Elective monarchies
Subnational
monarchies
Alo (Wallis and Futuna) · Ankole (Uganda) · Ashanti (Ghana) · Buganda (Uganda) · Bunyoro (Uganda) · Busoga (Uganda) · Dagbon (Ghana) · Māori (New Zealand) · Sigave (Wallis and Futuna) · Tibet (People's Republic of China) · Toro (Uganda) · Uvea (Wallis and Futuna) · Yogyakarta (Indonesia) · Zululand (South Africa)
(c) All 16 Commonwealth realms share one monarch represented, except for the U.K., by a Governor-General  · (j) Monarch debatable as being true Head of State. · (q) Technically a constitutional monarchy but displays effective properties of an absolute monarchy. (u) Uses the non-monarchical title President.

Coordinates: 52° N 1° W




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