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The Smashing Pumpkins



Billy Corgan's full-page Chicago Tribune ad, announcing his intention to reform The Smashing Pumpkins.
Billy Corgan's full-page Chicago Tribune ad, announcing his intention to reform The Smashing Pumpkins.

On June 21, 2005, the day of the release of his album TheFutureEmbrace, Corgan took out full-page advertisements in the Chicago Tribune and Chicago Sun-Times to announce that he planned to reunite the band. "For a year now," Corgan wrote, "I have walked around with a secret, a secret I chose to keep. But now I want you to be among the first to know that I have made plans to renew and revive the Smashing Pumpkins. I want my band back, and my songs, and my dreams."[55] While performing at various drum clinics across Europe in September 2005, Jimmy Chamberlin confirmed that a reunion tour was planned to begin the next February, with a new album possibly to follow.[61] In February 2006, MTV.com reported that Corgan and Chamberlin had signed a new management deal with Front Line Management, and Melissa Auf der Maur stated that the pair were currently working on an album of new material.[62]

On April 20, 2006, the band's official website confirmed the reunion stating, "It's official. The Smashing Pumpkins are currently writing songs for their upcoming album, their first since 1999."[63] The website later reported that the new album would be produced by Roy Thomas Baker, who produced many of Queen's albums, including A Night at the Opera.[64] According to a MySpace blog posting by Jimmy Chamberlin on October 20, 2006, they finished work with Baker and had also enlisted help from producer Terry Date, who has worked with Deftones, Pantera, and Soundgarden.

Corgan and Chamberlin were verified as participants in the reunion, but there was question as to whether other former members of the band would participate. In April 2007, Iha and Auf der Maur separately confirmed that they were not taking part in the reunion.[65][66] Chamberlin would later state that Iha and Wretzky "didn't want to be a part of" the reunion.[67] The Smashing Pumpkins performed live for the first time since 2000 on May 22, 2007, in Paris, France. There, the band unveiled new touring members Jeff Schroeder and Ginger Reyes, who took over second guitarist and bassist duties, respectively, as well as Lisa Harriton on keyboards.[68] That same month, "Tarantula" was released as the first single from the band's forthcoming album. On July 7, the band performed at the Live Earth concert in New Jersey.[69] The band's new album, Zeitgeist, was released that same month on Reprise Records, entering the Billboard charts at number two.[70]

The group released the four-song EP American Gothic in January 2008. The EP was released digitally on iTunes in the US, while internationally, the EP was released as a CD. In a February 2008 radio interview, Corgan said the band will be playing smaller venues, with shows dedicated to particular eras of the band's music.[71] The band is planning on releasing archival material from their entire career.[71] That March the group contributed the song "Superchrist" to a compilation CD released by Guitar Center. Though Corgan and Chamberlin have continued to record as a duo, Jeff Schroeder indicated that he might be contributing to future recordings.[72] No longer signed to a record label, Corgan and Chamberlin purchased a recording studio in Chicago and began recording in May, again, as a pair.[73] The band plans to release a new single in September 2008.[74]

[

Musical style and influences

 Music sample:

"Cherub Rock"

Sample of "Cherub Rock" from Siamese Dream (1993), which features layers of guitar overdubs influenced by arena rock and shoegaze, as well as repeated use of "the Pumpkin chord".
Problems listening to the file? See media help.

The direction of the band is dominated by chief guitarist, lead vocalist, and principal songwriter Billy Corgan. Journalist Greg Kot wrote, "The music [of The Smashing Pumpkins] would not be what it is without his ambition and vision, and his famously fractured relationships with his family, friends, and bandmembers."[6] Melissa Auf der Maur commented upon news of the group's reunion, "Everyone knows Billy doesn't need too many people to make a Pumpkins record, other than Jimmy [Chamberlin]—who he has on board."[75] Many of Corgan's lyrics for the Pumpkins are cathartic expressions of emotion, full of personal musings and strong indictments of himself and those close to him.[6] Music critics were not often fans of Corgan's angst-filled lyrics. Jim DeRogatis wrote in a 1993 Chicago Sun-Times article that Corgan's lyrics "too often sound like sophomoric poetry",[76] although he viewed the lyrics of later albums Adore and Machina as an improvement.[77]

The Smashing Pumpkins' distinctive sound up until Adore involved layering numerous guitar tracks onto a song during the recording process, a tactic that Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness coproducer Flood called the "Pumpkin guitar overdub army".[40] There were a few overdubbed parts on Gish, but Corgan said he really began to explore the possibilities of overdubbing with Siamese Dream; Corgan has stated that "Soma" alone contains up to 40 overdubbed guitar parts.[78] While Corgan knew many of the songs would be difficult or impossible to replicate from their recorded versions in concert (in fact, some songs were drastically altered for live performance), he has explained the use of overdubbing by posing the question "When you are faced with making a permanent recorded representation of a song, why not endow it with the grandest possible vision?"[79] This use of multilayered sounds was inspired by Corgan's love of 1970s arena rock bands Queen, Boston, and Electric Light Orchestra,[78] as well as shoegaze, a British alternative rock style of the late 1980s and early 1990s that relied on swirling layers of guitar noise for effect. Mellon Collie coproducer Alan Moulder was originally hired to mix Siamese Dream because Corgan was a fan of his work producing shoegaze bands such as My Bloody Valentine, Ride, and Slowdive.[80]

Like many contemporary alternative bands, The Smashing Pumpkins utilized shifts in song dynamics, going from quiet to loud and vice versa. Hüsker Dü's seminal album Zen Arcade demonstrated to the band how they could place gentler material against more aggressive fare,[6] and Corgan made such shifts in dynamics central to the pursuit of his grand musical ambitions.[81] Corgan said he liked the idea of creating his own alternative universe through sound that essentially tells the listener, "Welcome to Pumpkin Land, this is what it sounds like on Planet Pumpkin."[82] This emphasis on atmosphere carried through to Adore (described as "arcane night music" in prerelease promotion)[83] and the Machina albums (concept records that tell the story of a fictional rock band).[6]

The Pumpkins drew inspiration from a variety of other genres, some unfashionable during the 1990s among music critics. Corgan in particular was open about his appreciation of heavy metal, citing Dimebag Darrell of Pantera as his favorite contemporary guitarist.[40][84] When one interviewer commented to Corgan and Iha that "Smashing Pumpkins is one of the groups that relegitimized heavy metal" and that they "were among the first alternative rockers to mention people like Ozzy and Black Sabbath with anything other than contempt", Corgan went on to rave about Black Sabbath's Master of Reality and Judas Priest's Unleashed in the East.[40] The song "Zero", which reminded Iha of Judas Priest, is an example of what the band dubbed "cybermetal".[85] Post-punk and gothic rock bands like Joy Division/New Order, Bauhaus, The Cure, and Depeche Mode were formative influences on the band, which covered such artists in concert and on record. Psychedelic rock was also referenced often in the band's early recordings; according to Corgan, "In typical Pumpkins fashion, no one at that point really liked loud guitars or psychedelic music so, of course, that's exactly what we had to do."[86] Corgan acknowledged that a chord he jokingly claimed as "the Pumpkin chord" (a G# octave chord at the eleventh fret of a guitar with the low E string played over it), used as the basis for "Cherub Rock", "Drown", and other songs, was in fact previously used by Jimi Hendrix.[78] Other early influences cited by Corgan include Cream, The Stooges, and Blue Cheer.[87]

Regarding the band's influence upon other groups, Greg Kot wrote in 2001, "Whereas Nirvana spawned countless mini-Nirvanas, the Pumpkins remain an island unto themselves."[6] Still, some artists and bands have mentioned the Pumpkins as an influence, such as Nelly Furtado[88] and members of My Chemical Romance. My Chemical Romance vocalist Gerard Way has said that they pattern their career upon the Pumpkins',[89] including the attention they pay to their music videos.[90] The members of fellow Chicago band Kill Hannah are friends with Corgan,[91] and lead singer Mat Devine has compared his group to the Pumpkins.[92] Deftones lead singer Chino Moreno said in an interview that he is a fan of Adore, listening to it extensively while touring, and that "Once Upon a Time" "really moves" him.[93] Critics have found connections with the Pumpkins' sound in various Deftones albums.[94]

[

Music videos

For a complete list of the band's music videos, see The Smashing Pumpkins discography.
A scene from the "Tonight, Tonight" music video, winner of the MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year in 1996. Drawing heavy influence from Georges Méliès's A Trip to the Moon, the video was filmed in the style of a turn-of-the-century silent film using theater-style backdrops and primitive special effects.
A scene from the "Tonight, Tonight" music video, winner of the MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year in 1996. Drawing heavy influence from Georges Méliès's A Trip to the Moon, the video was filmed in the style of a turn-of-the-century silent film using theater-style backdrops and primitive special effects.[95]

The Smashing Pumpkins have been praised for being "responsible for some of the '90s' most striking and memorable video clips" and for having "approached videos from a completely artistic standpoint rather than mere commercials to sell albums".[96] MTV's 2001 anniversary special Testimony: 20 Years of Rock on MTV credited the Pumpkins, along with Nine Inch Nails, with treating music videos as an art form during the 1990s. Corgan has said, "We generally resisted the idea of what I call the classic MTV rock video, which is like lots of people jumping around and stuff."[97] The band worked with acclaimed video directors including Kevin Kerslake ("Cherub Rock"), Samuel Bayer ("Bullet with Butterfly Wings"), and, most frequently, the team of Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris ("Rocket", "1979", "Tonight, Tonight", "The End is the Beginning is the End", and "Perfect"). Corgan, who was frequently heavily involved in the conception of the videos, said of Dayton and Faris, "I know my [initial] versions are always darker, and they're always talking me into something a little kinder and gentler."[98] Videos like "Today", "Rocket", and "1979" dealt with images taken from middle American culture, albeit exaggerated. The group's videos so often avoid the literal interpretation of the song lyrics that the video for "Thirty-Three", with images closely related to the words of the song, was created as an intentional stylistic departure.[99]

The band was nominated for several MTV Video Music Awards during the 1990s; in 1996, the '1979" and "Tonight, Tonight" videos combined to win seven VMAs, including the top award, Video of the Year, for "Tonight, Tonight". The video was also nominated for a Grammy at the 1997 ceremony. Fans reacted with equal fervor. Of the "Tonight, Tonight" video, Corgan remarked, "I don't think we've ever had people react [like this]... it just seemed to touch a nerve."[100]

[

Discography

Main article: The Smashing Pumpkins discography
Date of release Title Record label
May 28, 1991 Gish Caroline Records
July 27, 1993 Siamese Dream Virgin Records
October 24, 1995 Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness Virgin Records
June 2, 1998 Adore Virgin Records
February 29, 2000 Machina/The Machines of God Virgin Records
September 5, 2000 Machina II/The Friends & Enemies of Modern Music Constantinople Records
July 10, 2007 Zeitgeist Reprise Records

[

See also

[

References

  • Azerrad, Michael. "Smashing Pumpkins' Sudden Impact". Rolling Stone. October 1, 1993.
  • DeRogatis, Jim. Milk It!: Collected Musings on the Alternative Music Explosion of the 90's. Cambridge: Da Capo, 2003. ISBN 0-306-81271-1
  • Erlewine, Stephen Thomas, and Greg Prato. "The Smashing Pumpkins", in All Music Guide (AllMusic.com).
  • Kot, Greg. "Pumpkin Seeds". Guitar World. January 2002.
  • Thompson, Dave. "Smashing Pumpkins", in Alternative Rock. San Francisco: Miller Freeman, 2000. ISBN 0-87930-607-6

[

Footnotes

  1. ^ Although frequently referred to as simply "Smashing Pumpkins", and credited as such on the covers of Gish, Siamese Dream, and Zeitgeist (and related singles), the band's name has more often been presented as "The Smashing Pumpkins", dating back to their first demo tape, and exclusively so between Mellon Collie (1995) and Earphoria (2002).
  2. ^ Rogers, Ray. "Smashing Pumpkins [interview]", Interview. February 1996 (available online). Retrieved on 2007-03-11
  3. ^ Shaw, William. "Appetite for Destruction". Details. December 1993.
  4. ^ Top Selling Artists. Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA.com). Retrieved on 2008-02-05.
  5. ^ There are differing reports on the Pumpkins's worldwide sales at the time of their breakup: Jim DeRogatis, in December 2000, reported a total of "twenty-two million copies sold". David Fricke, that same month, wrote of the band's "more than twenty-five million records sold worldwide". See DeRogatis, Jim. Milk It!: Collected Musings on the Alternative Music Explosion of the 90's. Cambridge: Da Capo, 2003; p. 89; Fricke, David (2000-12-22). Smashing Pumpkins Look Back in Wonder. RollingStone.com. Retrieved on 2006-10-25.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Kot, Greg. "Pumpkin Seeds", Guitar World. January 2002.
  7. ^ "From Fighting to Smashing", Washington Post. November 19, 1993.
  8. ^ a b c Kelly, Christina. "Smashing Pumpkins: The Multi-Platinum Band Is Over the Infighting But Can the Harmony Last?", US Weekly. December 1, 1995
  9. ^ a b c "Jimmy Chamberlin [interview]", Modern Drummer. January 1994.
  10. ^ True, Chris. Rhinoceros (review). All Music Guide (AllMusic.com). Retrieved on 2007-02-25.
  11. ^ a b Keedle, Jayne. "Patchin' It Back Together", Hartford Advocate. October 1, 1996.
  12. ^ Kot, Greg. "Out of the Patch for Smashing Pumpkins, New Album Is Another Sign of Liftoff", Chicago Tribune. June 21, 1991.
  13. ^ Rotondi, James. "Orange Crunch", Guitar Player. January 1996.
  14. ^ Hilburn, Robert. "Smashing Pumpkins Endures When (and What) Other '90s Bands Couldn't", Los Angeles Times. August 3, 1998 (available online) Retrieved on 2007-03-11.
  15. ^ Davis, Darran (2000-08-08). Smashing Pumpkin Billy Corgan Leaving Hometown of Chicago. Yahoo! Music (Yahoo.com). Retrieved on 2007-02-01.
  16. ^ Corgan, Billy. Interview. 120 Minutes. MTV. October 1993.
  17. ^ Commentary for "Geek U.S.A." live video. The Smashing Pumpkins 1991–2000: Greatest Hits Video Collection (Virgin Records, 2001).
  18. ^ Shepherd, Julianne (2005-06-13). Billy Corgan (interview). PitchforkMedia.com. Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Corgan has said on various occasions—most notably during the band's 2000 performance on VH1 Storytellers—that "Today" was written as an ironic statement about this period of suicidial thoughts. See also Beck, Johnny (December 2001/January 2002). The Greatest Songs Ever! "Today". Blender.com. Retrieved on 2007-02-03.
  19. ^ Mundy, Chris. "Strange Fruit: Success Has Come at a High Price for this Chicago Band", Rolling Stone. April 21, 1994.
  20. ^ a b Azerrad, Michael. "Smashing Pumpkins' Sudden Impact", Rolling Stone. October 1, 1993.
  21. ^ Chamberlin, Jimmy; Corgan, Billy (interview subjects). Inside the Zeitgeist (Reprise Records, 2007).
  22. ^ UB40? No, UB7!. EW.com (1993-08-13). Retrieved on 2007-10-05.
  23. ^ Rosen, Craig (1999-11-02). Pumpkins' "Dream". Yahoo! Music (Yahoo.com). Retrieved on 2006-11-04.
  24. ^ Gabriella (June 1999). Interview with Stephen Malkmus of Pavement. NYRock.com. Retrieved on 2006-07-12.
  25. ^ Albini, Steve. "Three Pandering Sluts and Their Music-Press Stooge", Chicago Reader. January 28, 1994.
  26. ^ Smashing Pumpkins Artist Chart History: Albums. Billboard.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-05.
  27. ^ Corgan, Billy, James Iha & D'arcy Wretzky. Interview. Hora Prima. MTV Latin America. 1996-12-19.
  28. ^ DeRogatis, pp. 46, 80.
  29. ^ Farley, Christopher John. "A Journey, Not a Joyride". Time. November 13, 1995.
  30. ^ 'Mellon Collie' Baby. EW.com (1995-11-10). Retrieved on 2007-11-05.
  31. ^ Top 100 Albums. Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA.com). Retrieved on 2007-08-04. Sales for double albums are counted for each disc, thus 4.5 million copies of the double album package have been certified.
  32. ^ "Germ Warfare", Newsweek. October 14, 1996.
  33. ^ Pumpkins' "Collectors" Set Has Mass Appeal. MTV.com (1996-12-16). Retrieved on 2006-08-30.
  34. ^ Corgan, Billy. Interview. Breakfast with Billy. KROQ Los Angeles. 1996-02-02.
  35. ^ Marks, Craig. "Zero Worship", Spin. June 1996.
  36. ^ Violanti, Anthony. "Cool in Control Smashing Pumpkins Weathers the Storms of Celebrity", Buffalo News. June 30, 1996.
  37. ^ Fan Crushed at Smashing Pumpkin's Show. MTV.com (1996). Retrieved on 2006-06-23.
  38. ^ Durando, Stu. "Wary of Injuries and Litigation, Concert Venues Take Extra Precautions to Deal with Moshing", St. Louis Post-Dispatch. July 17, 1996.
  39. ^ Errico, Marcus (1996-07-17). Smashing Pumpkins Drum Out Jimmy Chamberlin. Eonline.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-21.
  40. ^ a b c d Di Perna, Alan. "Zero Worship", Guitar World. December 1995.
  41. ^ Graff, Gary. "Smashing Pumpkins—Rave of the Future", Guitar World. December 1996.
  42. ^ Gundersen, Edna. "Smashing that Pumpkins stereotype Band shuns 'tragic' label', USA Today. February 26, 1997.
  43. ^ Chris Connelly. MTV's Week in Rock [TV-Series]. MTV.
  44. ^ Fricke, David (1998-12-29). When Billy Corgan Speaks.... RollingStone.com. Retrieved on 2006-05-05.
  45. ^ Smashing Pumpkins Raise Over $2.8 Million on Charity Tour. MTV.com (1998-09-22). Retrieved on 2006-08-30.
  46. ^ D'Arcy Exits Smashing Pumpkins. Billboard.com (1999-09-10). Retrieved on 2007-02-07.
  47. ^ a b Newman, Melinda, and Jonathan Cohen (2000-05-24). Corgan: Smashing Pumpkins To Break Up. Billboard.com. Retrieved on 2006-05-04.
  48. ^ Santana Still No. 1 Despite Strong Debuts. Billboard.com (2000-03-09). Retrieved on 2007-10-05.
  49. ^ Tarlach, Gemma. "Once-Sizzling Bands Grapple with Fading Fame", Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, 2000-04-11. Retrieved on 2006-09-27. 
  50. ^ Gold and Platinum Database Search. Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA.com). Retrieved on 2006-09-27.
  51. ^ DeRogatis, pp. 84–85.
  52. ^ Machina II/The Friends and Enemies of Modern Music. The Smashing Pumpkins Fan Collaborative Discography (SPFC.org). Retrieved on 2007-01-12.
  53. ^ a b Fricke, David (2000-12-22). Smashing Pumpkins Look Back in Wonder. RollingStone.com. Retrieved on 2006-10-25.
  54. ^ There is one notable omission, "The End Is the Beginning Is the End". This was excluded because the rights are owned by Warner Bros., who loaned out the band from their regular label, Virgin Records.
  55. ^ a b Corgan, Billy. "A Message to Chicago from Billy Corgan", Chicago Tribune, June 21, 2005.
  56. ^ Rosen, Craig (2000-05-22). Ex-Pumpkin D'Arcy Wretzky Has Crack Case Wiped Clean. Yahoo.com. Retrieved on 2006-05-08.
  57. ^ Dansby, Andrew (2003-09-15). Zwan Call It Quits. RollingStone.com. Retrieved on 2007-02-02.
  58. ^ Corgan, Billy (2004-02-17). Smashing Pumpkins (weblog). LiveJournal.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-14.
  59. ^ Corgan, Billy (2004-06-03). Smashing Pumpkins (weblog). LiveJournal.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-14.
  60. ^ Spitz, Marc. "Head On", Spin. August 2005.
  61. ^ Kiener, Dan (2005). Pumpkins Reborn. DrownedInSound.com. Retrieved on 2006-05-02.
  62. ^ Harris, Chris (2006-02-02). Smashing Pumpkins Reunion Is Under Way, According to Sources. MTV.com. Retrieved on 2006-02-02.
  63. ^ Kaufman, Gil (2006-04-21). Smashing Pumpkins Site Says "It's Official"—Band Has Reunited. MTV.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-28.
  64. ^ For The Record: Quick News On Smashing Pumpkins, Britney Spears, Kevin Federline, Madonna, Guns N' Roses & More. MTV.com (2006-08-16). Retrieved on 2006-08-23.
  65. ^ Goodman, Elizabeth (2007-04-06). Exclusive: James Iha Speaks Out Regarding His Involvement in Pumpkins Reunion. RollingStone.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-06.
  66. ^ Movers and Shakers in Canadian Arts. TheGlobeAndMail.com (2007-04-23). Retrieved on 2007-04-23.
  67. ^ Micallef, Ken. "The Evolution of Jimmy Chamberlin: Still Smashing!" Modern Drummer. November 2007.
  68. ^ Cohen, Jonathan (2007-04-22). Smashing Pumpkins Return To The Stage In Paris. Billboard.com. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.
  69. ^ The Police and Smashing Pumpkins for US Live Earth. NME.com (2007-04-10). Retrieved on 2007-04-11.
  70. ^ Hasty, Katie (2007-07-18). T.I. Holds Off Pumpkins, Interpol To Remain No. 1. Billboard.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-10.
  71. ^ a b Smashing Pumpkins Interview with Lane Zowe on Radio 1. smashingpumpkins.com (2008-02-13). Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
  72. ^ Becker, Alex (2008-03-03). Exclusive Interview with Jeff Schroeder - The Smashing Pumpkins. Gibson.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-03.
  73. ^ Luerssen, John D. (2008-03-19). Smashing Pumpkins Entering the Studio to Plot Their Next Move. Spinner.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
  74. ^ ExcluNew single coming in September 2008. SmashingPumpkins.com (2008-05-28). Retrieved on 2008-05-28.
  75. ^ Smashing Pumpkins Reunion Is On. NME.com (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
  76. ^ DeRogatis, p. 80.
  77. ^ DeRogatis, p. 88.
  78. ^ a b c Aledort, Andrew. "Introduction", in Siamese Dream Songbook. Miami: Warner Bros. Publications, 1994.
  79. ^ Corgan, Billy. "Guitar Geek USA" [column], Guitar World. January 1996.
  80. ^ DeRogatis, p. 78.
  81. ^ Corgan, Billy. "Guitar Geek USA [column]", Guitar World. September 1995.
  82. ^ DeRogatis, p. 76.
  83. ^ Kaufman, Gil (1998-01-14). Pumpkins Recording Album of "Arcane Night Music". Addicted to Noise/JamesIha.org. Retrieved on 2006-09-07.
  84. ^ Corgan, Billy. "Guitar Geek USA [column]", Guitar World. August 1995.
  85. ^ "Killer B's", Guitar World. January 1997.
  86. ^ Commentary for "Siva" music video. The Smashing Pumpkins 1991–2000: Greatest Hits Video Collection (Virgin Records, 2001).
  87. ^ "Smashing Pumpkins", Chicago Tribune. July 9, 1990.
  88. ^ Parker, Lyndsey (October 25, 2000). Exclusive LAUNCH Artist Chat. Nelly Furtado. Yahoo! Music. Retrieved on 2007-04-09.
  89. ^ Tyme, Gwyn (2005-05-05). My Chemical Romance—Interview with Gerard Way. MusicPix.net. Retrieved on 2006-11-05.
  90. ^ Montgomery, James (2005-01-13). My Chemical Romance Aim for Smashing Pumpkins Status. MTV.com. Retrieved on 2006-11-05.
  91. ^ Hudson, Marc (2006-09-18). Future Imperfect: Mat Devine of Kill Hannah. PopSyndicate.com. Retrieved on 2007-02-12.
  92. ^ Bondowski, Karen (2006-12-21). Interview with Kill Hannah's Matt Devine. Livewire (ConcertLivewire.com). Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  93. ^ Interview with Chino Moreno, Kerrang!. April 1999.
  94. ^ Dailey, Bryan (2000). Review of Deftones White Pony. AudioRevolution.com. Retrieved on 2007-12-17. Rolls, Chris (2005-09-25). Great Albums: Alternative Metal/Deftones—Deftones (2003). mp3.com. Retrieved on 2007-12-17. Begrand, Adrien (2006-11-06). Deftones: Saturday Night Wrist. PopMatters. Retrieved on 2007-12-17.
  95. ^ Commentary for "Tonight, Tonight" music video. The Smashing Pumpkins 1991–2000: Greatest Hits Video Collection (Virgin Records, 2001).
  96. ^ Prato, Greg. Greatest Hits Video Collection (review). All Music Guide (AllMusic.com). Retrieved on 2007-02-08.
  97. ^ Commentary for "Bullet with Butterfly Wings" music video. The Smashing Pumpkins 1991–2000: Greatest Hits Video Collection (Virgin Records, 2001).
  98. ^ Commentary for "Rocket" music video. The Smashing Pumpkins 1991–2000: Greatest Hits Video Collection (Virgin Records, 2001).
  99. ^ Commentary for "Thirty-Three" music video. The Smashing Pumpkins 1991–2000: Greatest Hits Video Collection (Virgin Records, 2001).
  100. ^ Corgan, Billy. Interview. Smashing Pumpkins Videography. MTV. 1996.

[

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