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Sweden



Stockholms Olympiastadion
Stockholms Olympiastadion
Main article: Sport in Sweden

Sport activities are a national movement with half of the population actively participating, much thanks to the heavy government subsidies of sport associations (föreningsstöd). The two main spectator sports are association football and ice hockey. Second to football, horse sports have the highest number of practitioners, mostly women. Thereafter follow golf, athletics, and the team sports of handball, floorball, basketball and bandy.

The Swedish ice hockey team Tre Kronor is regarded as one of the best in the world and has won the World Championships seven times, and Olympic gold medals in 1994 and 2006. In 2006, as the first nation in history, they won both the Olympic and world championships in the same year. The Swedish national football team has seen some success at the World Cup in the past, finishing second when they hosted the tournament in 1958, and third twice, in 1950 and 1994. Athletics has enjoyed a surge in popularity due to several successful athletes in recent years.

In schools, on meadows and in parks, the game brännboll, a sport similar to baseball, is commonly played for fun. Other leisure sports are the historical game of kubb, and boules among the older generation.

Sweden hosted the 1912 Summer Olympics and the FIFA World Cup in 1958. Other big sports events held here include 1992 UEFA European Football Championship, FIFA Women's World Cup 1995, and several championships of ice hockey, athletics, skiing, bandy, figure skating and swimming.

International rankings

Rankings
Name Year Place Out of # Reference
Environmental Performance Index 2008 3rd 149 [4]
CIA World Factbook – GDP – PPP per capita 2008 25th 230 [5]
Save the Children - Mother's Index Rank 2007 1st 141 [6]
Save the Children - Women's Index Rank 2007 1st 141 [7]
Save the Children - Children's Index Rank 2007 4th 141 [8]
Save the Children - Child mortality rate 2007 2nd 141 [9]
Economic freedom 2007 21st 157 [10]
Global Peace Index 2007 7th 121 [11]
Environmental Performance Index 2006 2nd 133 [12]
Doing Business 2006 13th 175 [13]
International Monetary Fund – GDP (nominal) per capita 2007 8th 179 [14]
UN Human Development Index 2007 6th 177
World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report 2006-2007 3rd 125 [15]
Reporters Without Borders world-wide press freedom index 2006 6th 168 [16]
The Economist Intelligence Unit's democracy index 2006 1st 167 [17]
Nation Master's list by economic importance 19th 25 [18]
Nation Master's list by Technological Achievement 3rd 68 [19]
Privacy International's European rankings on protection of civil liberties 2006 24th 25 [20]
CIA World Factbook – GDP – PPP per capita 2005 18th 194 [21]
The Economist Intelligence Unit's worldwide quality of life index 2005 5th 111 [22]
Save the Children - % seats in the national government held by women 2004 1st (47%) 141 [23]
Happy Planet Index - Well-being and environmental impact 2007 2nd 30 [24]

See also

Sweden Portal

Notes

  1. ^ Statistics Sweden. Yearbook of Housing and Building Statistics 2007. Statistics Sweden, Energy, Rents and Real Estate Statistics Unit, 2007. ISBN 9789161813612. Available online in pdf format.
  2. ^ CIA World Factbook: Economy - Sweden
  3. ^ De Geer, Hans, Tommy Borglund and Magnus Frostenson (2003). An Anglo-Swedish affair – Changing relations in an international acquisition. The 17th Nordic Conference on Business Studies in Reykjavík, 14-16 August 2003. Working paper within the project "Scandinavian Heritage", p. 9. Available online in pdf-format through the University of Iceland.
  4. ^ Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Naturvårdsverket) (2006). Sweden's Environmental Objectives – Buying into a better future. A progress report from the Swedish Environmental Objectives Council. De Facto, 2006, p. 9: "Swedes in general feel that environmental issues and action to reduce impacts on the environment are important". See also Legislation & guidelines and Greenhouse gas emissions: "Swedish greenhouse gas emissions per head of population are among the lowest in the member states of the OECD."
  5. ^ Kristrom, Bengt and Soren Wibe (1997). Environmental Policy in Sweden. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences – Department of Forest Economics, Working paper 246, 27 August 1997.
  6. ^ U.S. State Department Background Notes: Sweden
  7. ^ Hellquist, Elof (1922). Svensk etymologisk ordbok. Stockholm: Gleerups förlag, 915. 
  8. ^ The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 [1]
  9. ^ a b Sawyer, Birgit and Peter Sawyer (1993). Medieval Scandinavia: from Conversion to Reformation, Circa 800–1500. University of Minnesota Press, 1993. ISBN 0816617392, pp. 150-153.
  10. ^ Bagge, Sverre (2005). "The Scandinavian Kingdoms". In The New Cambridge Medieval History. Eds. Rosamond McKitterick et al. Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN 052136289X, p. 724: "Swedish expansion in Finland led to conflicts with Rus', which were temporarily brought to an end by a peace treaty in 1323, dividing the Karelian peninsula and the northern areas between the two countries."
  11. ^ "A Political and Social History of Modern Europe V.1./Hayes..." Hayes, Carlton J. H. (1882-1964), Title: A Political and Social History of Modern Europe V.1., 2002-12-08, Project Gutenberg, webpage: Infomot-7hsr110.
  12. ^ "Gustav I Vasa - Britannica Concise" (biography), Britannica Concise, 2007, webpage: EBConcise-Gustav-I-Vasa.
  13. ^ Battle of Kircholm 1605
  14. ^ (1998) Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples. University of Minnesota Press, 1220. ISBN 0-8020-2938-8. 
  15. ^ a b Einhorn, Eric and John Logue (1989). Modern Welfare States: Politics and Policies in Social Democratic Scandinavia. Praeger Publishers, p.9: "Though Denmark, where industrialization had begun in the 1850s, was reasonably prosperous by the end of the nineteenth century, both Sweden and Norway were terribly poor. Only the safety valve of mass emigration to America prevented famine and rebellion. At the peak of emigration in the 1880s, over 1% of the total population of both countries emigrated annually."
  16. ^ Koblik, Steven (1975). Sweden's Development from Poverty to Affluence 1750-1970, University of Minnesota Press, p.8-9, "In economic and social terms the eighteenth century was more a transitional than a revolutionary period. Sweden was, in light of contemporary Western European standards, a relatively poor but stable country. [...] It has been estimated that 75-80% of the population was involved in agricultural pursuits during the late eighteenth century. One hundred years later, the corresponding figure was still 72%."
  17. ^ Einhorn, Eric and John Logue (1989), p.8.
  18. ^ a b Koblik, Steven (1975). Sweden's Development from Poverty to Affluence 1750-1970 University of Minnesota Press, pp. 9-10.
  19. ^ Sweden: Social and economic conditions (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
  20. ^ Koblik, Steven (1975). Sweden's Development from Poverty to Affluence 1750-1970 University of Minnesota Press, p. 11: "The agrarian revolution in Sweden is of fundamental importance for Sweden's modern development. Throughout Swedish history the countryside has taken an unusually important role in comparison with other European states."
  21. ^ Koblik, Steven (1975). Sweden's Development from Poverty to Affluence 1750-1970 University of Minnesota Press, p. 90. "It is usually suggested that between 1870 and 1914 Sweden emerged from its primarily agrarian economic system into a modern industrial economy."
  22. ^ a b c Koblik, pp. 303-313.
  23. ^ Nordstrom, p. 315: "Sweden's government attempted to maintain at least a semblance of neutrality while it bent to the demands of the prevailing side in the struggle. Although effective in preserving the country's sovereignty, this approach generated criticism at home from many who believed the threat to Sweden was less serious than the government claimed, problems with the warring powers, ill feelings among its neighbours, and frequent criticism in the postwar period."
  24. ^ a b c d e Nordstrom, pp. 313-319.
  25. ^ Zubicky, Sioma (1997). Med förintelsen i bagaget (in Swedish). Stockholm: Bonnier Carlsen, 122. ISBN 91-638-3436-7. 
  26. ^ a b c d Nordstrom, pp. 335-339.
  27. ^ Nordstrom, p. 344: "During the last twenty-five years of the century a host of problems plagued the economies of Norden and the West. Although many were present before, the 1973 and 1980 global oil crises acted as catalysts in bringing them to the fore."
  28. ^ Krantz, Olle and Lennart Schön. 2007. Swedish Historical National Accounts, 1800-2000. Lund: Almqvist and Wiksell International.
  29. ^ Englund, P. 1990. "Financial deregulation in Sweden." European Economic Review 34 (2-3): 385-393. Korpi TBD. Meidner, R. 1997. "The Swedish model in an era of mass unemployment." Economic and Industrial Democracy 18 (1): 87-97. Olsen, Gregg M. 1999. "Half empty or half full? The Swedish welfare state in transition." Canadian Review of Sociology & Anthropology, 36 (2): 241-268.
  30. ^ The Local. New Swedish weapon in Iraq. Retrieved on 2007-06-23.
  31. ^ SMHI - Klimatkartor - Temperatur. Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut. Retrieved on 2007-10-28.
  32. ^ SMHI - Sveriges klimat. Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut. Retrieved on 2007-10-28.
  33. ^ "Sweden in Brief/A Political Society", Sweden.se. Retrieved on 2007-02-14. 
  34. ^ Economist Intelligence Unit democracy index 2006 (PDF) (English). Economist Intelligence Unit (2007). Retrieved on 2007-10-09.
  35. ^ Förord
  36. ^ Hadenius, Stig; Nilsson, Torbjörn; Åselius, Gunnar (1996) Sveriges historia: vad varje svensk bör veta. Bonnier Alba, Borås. ISBN 91-34-51857-6 (in Swedish) (1996:13):
      Hur och när det svenska riket uppstod vet vi inte. Först under 1100-talet börjar skriftliga dokument produceras i Sverige i någon större omfattning [...]   How and when the Swedish kingdom appeared is not known. It is not until the 12th century that written document begin to be produced in Sweden in any larger extent [...]
  37. ^ Kungl. Maj:ts kungörelse med anledning av konung Gustaf VI Adolfs frånfälle. SFS 1973:702. Justitiedepartementet L6, 19 September 1973.
  38. ^ a b The Swedish Parliament. The history of the Riksdag. Retrieved 13 February 2007.
  39. ^ The Official Website of the Swedish Election Authority. Val till riksdagen.
  40. ^ Sören Holmberg (1999). in Pippa Norris: Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Government. Oxford University Press, 103-123. ISBN 0198295685. 
  41. ^ a b European Commission Directorate General for Employment, Social Affairs And Equal Opportunities, Report On The Equality Between Men And Women,http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/publications/2006/keaj06001_en.pdf February 2006
  42. ^ Mosey, Chris. "Vote F! for Feminism." Ms. magazine. Fall 2006.
  43. ^ http://www.gallup-europe.be/downloads/EUICS%20-%20The%20Burden%20of%20Crime%20in%20the%20EU.pdf
  44. ^ Nordstrom p. 302: "In fact, the plans were mostly a ruse to establish control of the crucial Norwegian port of Narvik and the iron mines of northern Sweden, which were vitally important to the German war efforts."
  45. ^ Nordstrom, p 336: "As a corollary, a security policy based on strong national defenses designed to discourage, but not prevent, attack was pursued. For the next several decades, the Swedish poured an annual average of about 5% of GDP into making their defenses credible."
  46. ^ National Geographical News, web article, Cold War Spy Plane Found in Baltic Sea[2] 10 November 2003.
  47. ^ Swedish Ministry of Defence (2008-01-08). The EU Battlegroup Concept and the Nordic Battlegroup. Government Offices of Sweden. Retrieved on 2008-01-19.
  48. ^ The Swedish Parliament
  49. ^ Westerlund, Kenneth. "Danmark har högsta skattetrycket", DN, 2008-03-11. Retrieved on 2008-03-11. 
  50. ^ EU versus USA, Fredrik Bergström & Robert Gidehag
  51. ^ Eurostat February 2007 – Euro area unemployment down to 7.3%, March 30, 2007
  52. ^ IngentaConnect: "Markets versus planning: an assessment of the Swedish housing model in the post-war period", Nesslein T.S., Source: Urban Studies, Volume 40, Number 7, June 2003, pp. 1259-1282(24), Publisher: Routledge, webpage: Ingenta-2003-art00005.
  53. ^ Swedish National Debt Office(2006).
  54. ^ ""Sweden most creative country in Europe & top talent hotspot", Invest in Sweden Agency, 25 June 2005. The top ten countries, in descending order, are: Sweden, Japan, Finland, the US, Switzerland, Denmark, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway and Germany.
  55. ^ Fees and costs - SWEDEN.SE. Retrieved on 2007-06-18.
  56. ^ Made in Sweden: the new Tory education revolution, The Spectator
  57. ^ Kraftläget i Sverige, Vattensituationen
  58. ^ "Nuclear Power in Sweden" - Uranium Information Centre, Australia
  59. ^ "Swedish nuclear power station leaks high levels of radioactive waste into Baltic" - Forbes June 29, 2005
  60. ^ "NUCLEAR ENERGY IN SWEDEN", 2006, PDF wepage: Energy-SE-NucEnergy-Sweden.
  61. ^ a b Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sweden. Agenda 21 - Natural Resource Aspects - Sweden. 5th Session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, April 1997.
  62. ^ a b Vidal, John. Sweden plans to be world's first oil-free economy. The Guardian, 2/8/06. Retrieved 2/13/07.
  63. ^ "Law of the Labour Back Benches" - New Statesman September 6, 2004
  64. ^ Statistics Sweden.Preliminary Population Statistics, by month, 2004 - 2006. Population statistics, 1 January 2007. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
  65. ^ a b c The Swedish Integration Board (2006). Pocket Facts: Statistics on Integration. Integrationsverket, 2006. ISBN 9189609301. Available online in pdf format. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
  66. ^ SCB. Sveriges befolkning, kommunala jämförelsetal, 31/12/2006 31 December 2006. (In Swedish). Retrieved 3 April 2007.
  67. ^ Record immigration to Sweden in 2006
  68. ^ Nordstrom, p. 353. (Lists Former Yugoslavia and Iran as top two countries in terms of immigration beside "Other Nordic Countries," based on Nordic Council of Ministers Yearbook of Nordic Statistics, 1996, 46-47)
  69. ^ a b "Karlstad University" (on languages taught/spoken), Karlstad University, 2006, webpage: Kau-SE-Languages.
  70. ^ Svenskan blir inte officiellt språk, Sveriges Television, 2005-12-07. Retrieved on July 23 2006. (in Swedish)
  71. ^ English spoken - fast ibland hellre än bra (Swedish). Lund University newsletter 7/1999.
  72. ^ Population structure. Statistics Finland (2007-03-29). Retrieved on 2008-01-06.
  73. ^ Church of Sweden, Members 1972-2006, Excel document in Swedish
  74. ^ Statistics about free churches and immigration churches from Swedish Wikipedia - in Swedish
  75. ^ Sydsvenskan (a Swedish newspaper) - in Swedish
  76. ^ Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005 - page 11. Retrieved on 2007-05-05.
  77. ^ Celsing, Charlotte. Are Swedes losing their religion?. The Swedish Institute, 1 September 2006. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
  78. ^ "The Swedish Myths: True, False, or Somewhere In Between?", Sweden.se. Retrieved on 2007-02-14. 
  79. ^ Durant, Colin (2003). Choral Conducting: philosophy and practice, Routledge, pp. 46-47. ISBN 0415943566: "Sweden has a strong and enviable choral singing tradition. [..] All those interviewed placed great emphasis on the social identification through singing and also referred to the importance of Swedish folk song in the maintenance of the choral singing tradition and national identity."
  80. ^ Lars Westin: Jazz in Sweden - an overview
  81. ^ a b Swedish inventions and discoveries. Fact Sheet FS 91 e. Swedish Institute (January 2007). Retrieved on 2007-10-28.

References

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1 Has part of its territory outside Europe.  2 Entirely in West Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe.  3 Has dependencies or similar territories outside Europe. 4 Name disputed by Greece; see Macedonia naming dispute. 5 Declared independence from Serbia on February 17 and is recognised by 43 countries including Taiwan.
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(c) All 16 Commonwealth realms share one monarch represented, except for the U.K., by a Governor-General  · (j) Monarch debatable as being true Head of State. · (q) Technically a constitutional monarchy but displays effective properties of an absolute monarchy. (u) Uses the non-monarchical title President.




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