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Spanish language



Peninsular Spanish

Latin American Spanish

Other Variants

[

References

  1. ^ Encarta-Most Spoken languages
  2. ^ Ciberamerica-Castellano
  3. ^ El Nuevo Diario
  4. ^ Terra Noticias
  5. ^ Universidad de México[unreliable source?]{{subst:Sup|(cached URL)}}
  6. ^ a b c Instituto Cervantes ("El Mundo" news)
  7. ^ Yahoo Press Room
  8. ^ a b c d Spanish. ethnologue.
  9. ^ Most widely spoken languages by Nations Online
  10. ^ Most spoken languages by Ask Men
  11. ^ Encarta Languages Spoken by More Than 10 Million People
  12. ^ a b Universidad de México[unreliable source?]{{subst:Sup|(cached URL)}}<
  13. ^ Ethnologue, 1999
  14. ^ CIA World Factbook, Field Listing - Languages (World).
  15. ^ CIA The World Factbook United States
  16. ^ United States Census BureauPDF (1.86 MiB), Statistical Abstract of the United States: page 47: Table 47: Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2003
  17. ^ Foreign Language Enrollments in United States Institutions of Higher LearningPDF (129 KiB), MLA Fall 2002.
  18. ^ World Internet Usage Statistics
  19. ^ George Weber, TOP LANGUAGES: The World's 10 most influential Languages, andaman.org, <http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.htm>. Retrieved on 2007-12-29 [unreliable source?]
  20. ^ CIA World Factbook — Gibraltar
  21. ^ Andorra — People. MSN Encarta. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
  22. ^ Background Note: Andorra. U.S. Department of State: Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs (January 2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
  23. ^ BBC Education — Languages, Languages Across Europe — Spanish.
  24. ^ Switzerland's Four National Languages. all-about-switzerland.info. Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
  25. ^ Ethnologue - Paraguay(2000). Guaraní is also the most-spoken language in Paraguay by its native speakers.
  26. ^ "Puerto Rico Elevates English", the New York Times, January 29, 1993. Retrieved on 2007-10-06. 
  27. ^ Population Census 2000, Major Findings. Central Statistical Office, Ministry of Budget Management, Belize (2000). Archived from the original on 2007-06-21. Retrieved on 2007-12-20.
  28. ^ Belize Population and Housing Census 2000
  29. ^ CIA World Factbook — Belize
  30. ^ The Secretariat for The Implementation of Spanish, Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
  31. ^ MERCOSUL, Portal Oficial (Portuguese)
  32. ^ BrazilMag.com, August 08, 2005.
  33. ^ Lipski, John M. (2006). "Too close for comfort? the genesis of “portuñol/portunhol”". Selected Proceedings of the 8th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium. . ed. Timothy L. Face and Carol A. Klee, 1–22. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project
  34. ^ U.S. Census Bureau Hispanic or Latino by specific origin.
  35. ^ U.S. Census Bureau 1. Percent of People 5 Years and Over Who Speak Spanish at Home: 2006, U.S. Census Bureau 2. 34,044,945 People 5 Years and Over Who Speak Spanish at Home: 2006
  36. ^ Foreign language class enrollments in U.S. schools of higher learningPDF (129 KiB), MLA Fall 2002.
  37. ^ Facts, Figures, and Statistics About Spanish, American Demographics, 1998.
  38. ^ 1973 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, thecorpusjuris.com, <http://www.thecorpusjuris.com/laws/constitutions/8-philippineconstitutions/68-1973-constitution.html>. Retrieved on 6 April 2008  (See Article XV, Section 3(3)
  39. ^ Ethnologue. Ethnologue Report for the Philippines.
  40. ^ 1,816,389 Spanish-speakers — “Cuadro 3. Número de hispanohablantes en países y territorios donde el español no es lengua oficial”, Demografía de la lengua española, cvc.cervantes.es, citing Calendario Atlante de Agostini 1997, 1998, <http://cvc.cervantes.es/obref/anuario/anuario_98/moreno/cuadro03.htm>. Retrieved on 6 April 2008 . The Cervantes Institute source is not a primary or even a secondary source, as it just quotes an Italian almanac (Calendario Atlante de Agostini 1997, Novara, Instituto Geográfico de Agostino, 1996, p. 315, that gives, without sources, 3% of the population speaking Spanish). To this the Cervantes Institute adds 689.000 speakers of Chavacano (not Spanish proper, but a Spanish creole, spoken mostly in Zamboanga City and in the provinces of Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte, and Basilan. It is also spoken in some areas of Cavite, Davao, and Cotabato), according to data from A. Quilis (La lengua española en cuatro mundos, Madrid, Mapfre, 1992, p. 82), without specifying if in the first estimate these Chavacano speakers were already counted or not (thus raising the total figure to 2.450.000). The Cervantes site does state that these estimate contradict the Census. One should also notice that English is an official language in the Philippines, unlike Spanish (see The Official Website of the Republic of the Philippines).
  41. ^ El refuerzo del español llega a los saharauis con una escuela en los campos de Tinduf
  42. ^ Ethnologue -Equatorial Guinea ((2000)
  43. ^ CIA World Factbook - Equatorial Guinea (Last updated 20 September, 2007)
  44. ^ Morocco.com, The Languages of Morocco.
  45. ^ El idioma español en África subsahariana
  46. ^ El Cervantes espera duplicar las matrículas para el 2012 dentro de la 'gran operación de comunicación' del español
  47. ^ Diccionario Panhispánico de Dudas, 1st ed.: "[...] en el X Congreso de la Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española, celebrado en 1994, se acordó adoptar el orden alfabético latino universal, en el que la ch y la ll no se consideran letras independientes. En consecuencia, las palabras que comienzan por estas dos letras, o que las contienen, pasan a alfabetizarse en los lugares que les corresponden dentro de la c y de la l, respectivamente. Esta reforma afecta únicamente al proceso de ordenación alfabética de las palabras, no a la composición del abecedario, del que los dígrafos ch y ll siguen formando parte."
  48. ^ "No obstante, en el X Congreso de la Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española, celebrado en 1994, se acordó adoptar para los diccionarios académicos, a petición de varios organismos internacionales, el orden alfabético latino universal, en el que la ch y la ll no se consideran letras independientes. En consecuencia, estas dos letras pasan a alfabetizarse en los lugares que les corresponden dentro de la C (entre -cg- y -ci-) y dentro de la L (entre -lk- y -lm-), respectivamente." Real Academia Española, Explanation at http://www.spanishpronto.com/ (in Spanish and English)
  49. ^ Ch, in Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española
  50. ^ Ll, in Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española
  51. ^ Martínez-Celdrán et al (2003:255)
  52. ^ Cressey (1978:152)
  53. ^ Abercrombie (1967:98)
  54. ^ Eddington (2000:96)

[

External links

Wikibooks
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of
Wikipedia
Spanish language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Wiktionary
Spanish language edition of Wiktionary, the free dictionary/thesaurus




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