Finance          Automotive          Computers          Health          Shopping          Sports         News          Reference           Print Facts in English - BCUZ.COMlos hechos en Español

Shen Kuo



Upon his death, Shen Kuo was interred in a tomb in Yuhang District of Hangzhou, at the foot of the Taiping Hill.[151] His tomb was eventually destroyed, yet Ming Dynasty records indicated its location, which was found in 1983 and protected by the government in 1986.[151] The remnants of the tomb's brick structure remained, along with Song Dynasty glassware and coins.[151] The Hangzhou Municipal Committee completed a restoration of Shen's tomb in September of 2001.

In addition to his tomb, Shen Kuo's Mengxi garden estate, his former two acre (8,000 m²) property in Zhenjiang, was restored by the government in 1985.[152] However, the renovated Mengxi Garden is only part of the original of Shen Kuo's time.[153] A Qing Dynasty era hall built on the site is now used as the main admissions gate.[152] In the Memorial Hall of the gardens, there is a large painting depicting the original garden of Shen Kuo's time, including wells, green bamboo groves, stone-paved paths, and decorated walls of the original halls.[153] In this exhibition hall there stands a 1.4 m (4.6 ft) tall statue of Shen Kuo sitting on a platform, along with centuries-old published copies of his Dream Pool Essays in glass cabinets, one of which is from Japan.[153] At the garden estate there are also displayed marble banners, statues of Shen Kuo, and a model of an armillary sphere; a small museum gallery depicts Shen's various achievements.[152]

The Chinese Mount Zijinshan Observatory discovered a new planetoid in 1964; in 1979, the Chinese Academy of Sciences decided to honor Shen by listing "Shen Kuo" as one of its names.

[

See also

[

Notes

^ a: See the article Society of the Song Dynasty.
^ b: Refer to the Partisans and factions, reformers and conservatives section of the article History of the Song Dynasty.
^ c: From his biography in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970–1990)
^ d: For more, see Architecture of the Song Dynasty.
^ e: Refer to Shen Gua (1031–1091) et les Sciences, Revue d'Histoire des Sciences et de Leurs Applications (1989)
^ f: Refer to Florilège des Notes du Ruisseau (Mengqi bitan) de Shen Gua (1031–1095), Études Asiatiques (1993)
^ g: For deforestation due to the Song Dynasty iron industry and efforts to curb it, refer to Economy of the Song Dynasty

[

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d Yao, 544.
  2. ^ a b Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 33.
  3. ^ Bowman, 599.
  4. ^ a b Mohn, 1.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Sivin, III, 22.
  6. ^ Embree, 843.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Sivin, III, 18.
  8. ^ Sivin, III, 23–24.
  9. ^ a b Bowman, 105.
  10. ^ a b c d e Sivin, III, 1.
  11. ^ a b c d Sivin, III, 5.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Sivin, III, 6.
  13. ^ Needham, Volume 4, Part 3, 230-231.
  14. ^ Steinhardt, 316.
  15. ^ a b Needham, Volume 1, 135.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Sivin, III, 9.
  17. ^ a b Tao et al., 19.
  18. ^ Hymes, 109.
  19. ^ a b Hartman, 22.
  20. ^ Sivin, III, 3.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h Sivin, III, 7.
  22. ^ Ebrey, 164.
  23. ^ Needham, Volume 5, Part 7, 126.
  24. ^ Zhang, 489.
  25. ^ Sivin, III, 4–5.
  26. ^ Sivin, III, 8.
  27. ^ a b Lian, 20.
  28. ^ Lian, 24.
  29. ^ Hongen.com (2000–2006). 沈括. Beijing Golden Human Computer Co., Ltd. (Chinese). Retrieved on 2007-08-27.
  30. ^ Sivin, III, 10.
  31. ^ Hartwell, 54.
  32. ^ a b Sivin, III, 24.
  33. ^ Menzies, 24.
  34. ^ Needham, Volume 5, Part 7, 75–76.
  35. ^ Deng, 36.
  36. ^ Sivin, III, 29.
  37. ^ a b Sivin, III, 30-31.
  38. ^ a b Needham, Volume 6, Part 1, 475.
  39. ^ Needham, Volume 6, Part 1, 499.
  40. ^ Needham, Volume 6, Part 1, 501.
  41. ^ Sivin, III, 30.
  42. ^ Cherniack, 95–96.
  43. ^ Needham, Volume 6, Part 1, 545.
  44. ^ Sivin, III, 11.
  45. ^ a b c Needham, Volume 4, Part 3, 660.
  46. ^ a b Needham, Volume 4, Part 3, 352.
  47. ^ Needham, Volume 4, 141.
  48. ^ a b Ruitenbeek, 26.
  49. ^ a b Chung, 19.
  50. ^ Ruitenbeek, 26–27.
  51. ^ Sivin, III, 31.
  52. ^ Sivin, III, 30-31, Footnote 27.
  53. ^ Sung, 12, 19, 20, 72.
  54. ^ Needham, Volume 3, 39.
  55. ^ Needham, Volume 3, 145.
  56. ^ Needham, Volume 3, 109.
  57. ^ a b c Katz, 308.
  58. ^ a b Restivo, 32.
  59. ^ Katz, 308–309.
  60. ^ Katz, 309.
  61. ^ Sivin, III, 12, 14.
  62. ^ Sivin, III, 14.
  63. ^ Ebrey et al., 162.
  64. ^ Needham, Volume 4, Part 1, 98.
  65. ^ a b c Sivin, III, 34.
  66. ^ Sivin, III, 15.
  67. ^ Needham, Volume 3, 139.
  68. ^ a b c Sivin, III, 21.
  69. ^ Needham, Volume 4, Part 1, 252.
  70. ^ a b Hsu, 102.
  71. ^ a b Elisseeff, 296.
  72. ^ Needham, Volume 4, Part 3, 463.
  73. ^ Fairbank, 33.
  74. ^ Ebrey et al., East Asia, 163.
  75. ^ a b c d e f g h Fraser & Haber, 227.
  76. ^ Rudolph, 176.
  77. ^ Desmond, 275: 692-707
  78. ^ Salam, 179-213.
  79. ^ Needham, Volume 3, 603–604.
  80. ^ a b c Sivin, III, 23.
  81. ^ a b c Needham, Volume 3, 618.
  82. ^ a b c d e f g h i Chan, 15.
  83. ^ a b c d e Needham, Volume 3, 614.
  84. ^ a b Needham, Volume 3, 604.
  85. ^ Needham, Volume 3, 468.
  86. ^ Sivin (1984), 534.
  87. ^ Kim, 171.
  88. ^ a b c d e Dong, 72.
  89. ^ a b c d Sivin, III, 17.
  90. ^ Needham, Volume 3, 278.
  91. ^ Needham, Volume 3, 411.
  92. ^ Needham, Volume 3, 413–414.
  93. ^ Needham, Volume 3, 227.
  94. ^ a b c d e f Needham, Volume 3, 415–416.
  95. ^ Fan, 431–432.
  96. ^ Dong, 71–72.
  97. ^ a b Sivin, III, 16.
  98. ^ Sivin, III, 19.
  99. ^ Sivin, II, 71–72.
  100. ^ a b c Henderson, 128.
  101. ^ a b Sivin, III, 18–19.
  102. ^ a b Sivin, II, 73.
  103. ^ Sivin, II, 72.
  104. ^ a b c Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 201.
  105. ^ Gernet, 335.
  106. ^ Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 202–203.
  107. ^ Sivin, III, 27.
  108. ^ Wu, 211-212.
  109. ^ Xu Yinong Moveable Type Books (徐忆农 活字本) ISBN 7806437959
  110. ^ a b c d Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 203.
  111. ^ Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 206.
  112. ^ Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 205–206.
  113. ^ Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 208.
  114. ^ Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 217.
  115. ^ Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 211.
  116. ^ Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 212.
  117. ^ Needham, Volume 4, 115.
  118. ^ Stanley-Baker, 23.
  119. ^ Barnhart, 25.
  120. ^ Li (1965), 61.
  121. ^ Barnhart, 24.
  122. ^ Li (1965), 37–38, Footnote 98.
  123. ^ Li (1974), 149.
  124. ^ Parker, 175.
  125. ^ a b Ropp, 170.
  126. ^ Biderman & Scharfstein, xvii.
  127. ^ Sivin, III, 34-35.
  128. ^ Sivin, III, 35.
  129. ^ Needham, Volume 3, 482.
  130. ^ Ebrey, Cambridge Illustrated History of China, 148.
  131. ^ a b c Dong, 69.
  132. ^ Dong, 69–70.
  133. ^ Dong, 70–71.
  134. ^ a b Sivin, III, 44.
  135. ^ Sivin, III, 44–45.
  136. ^ a b c d Sivin, III, 45.
  137. ^ Bodde, 86.
  138. ^ a b c Sivin, III, 49.
  139. ^ a b Sivin, III, 46.
  140. ^ a b Sivin, III, 47.
  141. ^ Needham, Volume 1, 137.
  142. ^ a b c d e Sivin, III, 48.
  143. ^ Hargett, 67.
  144. ^ Hargett, 71.
  145. ^ a b c Stock, 94.
  146. ^ Stock, 108.
  147. ^ Fraser & Haber, 226–227.
  148. ^ Gernet, 338.
  149. ^ Yao, 545.
  150. ^ a b c d Huff, 303.
  151. ^ a b c Yuhang Cultural Network (October 2003). Shen Kuo's Tomb The Yuhang District of Hangzhou Cultural Broadcasting Press and Publications Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-05-06.
  152. ^ a b c Zhenjiang.gov (October 2006). Talking Park The Zhenjiang municipal government office. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  153. ^ a b c The Zhenjiang Foreign Experts Bureau (June 2002). Mengxi Garden The Zhenjiang Foreign Experts Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.

[

References

  • Barnhart, Richard. "Marriage of the Lord of the River: A Lost Landscape by Tung Yüan," Artibus Asiae. Supplementum (Volume 27, 1970): 3–5, 7, 9, 11–60.
  • Biderman, Shlomo and Ben-Ami Scharfstein. (1989). Rationality in Question: On Eastern and Western Views of Rationality. Leiden: E.J. Brill. ISBN 90-04-09212-9.
  • Bodde, Derk (1991). Chinese Thought, Society, and Science: The Intellectual and Social Background of Science and Technology in Pre-modern China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824813345
  • Bowman, John S. (2000). Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Chan, Alan Kam-leung and Gregory K. Clancey, Hui-Chieh Loy (2002). Historical Perspectives on East Asian Science, Technology and Medicine. Singapore: Singapore University Press. ISBN 9971692597
  • Cherniack, Susan. "Book Culture and Textual Transmission in Sung China," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (Volume 54, Number 1, 1994): 5–125.
  • Chung, Anita. (2004). Drawing Boundaries: Architectural Images in Qing China. Manoa: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0824826639.
  • Deng, Yinke. (2005). Ancient Chinese Inventions. Translated by Wang Pingxing. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press. ISBN 7-5085-0837-8.
  • Desmond, Adrian (1975). "The Discovery of Marine Transgressions and the Explanation of Fossils in Antiquity". American Journal of Science, Volume 275.
  • Dong, Paul. (2000). China's Major Mysteries: Paranormal Phenomena and the Unexplained in the People's Republic. San Francisco: China Books and Periodicals, Inc. ISBN 0835126765.
  • Ebrey, Walthall, Palais (2006). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  • Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43519-6 (hardback); ISBN 0-521-66991-X (paperback).
  • Elisseeff, Vadime. (2000). The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce. New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN 1-57181-222-9.
  • Embree, Ainslie T. and Carol Gluck (1997). Asia in Western and World History: A Guide for Teaching. New York: An East Gate Book, M. E. Sharpe Inc. ISBN 1-56324-265-6.
  • Fairbank, John King and Merle Goldman (1992). China: A New History; Second Enlarged Edition (2006). Cambridge: MA; London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01828-1.
  • Fan, Dainian and Robert Sonné Cohen (1996). Chinese Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0-7923-3463-9
  • Fraser, Julius Thomas and Francis C. Haber. (1986). Time, Science, and Society in China and the West. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-495-1.
  • Gernet, Jacques. (1996). A History of Chinese Civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521497817.
  • Hargett, James M. "Some Preliminary Remarks on the Travel Records of the Song Dynasty (960-1279)," Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) (July 1985): 67-93.
  • Hartman, Charles. "Poetry and Politics in 1079: The Crow Terrace Poetry Case of Su Shih," Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) (Volume 12, 1990): 15–44.
  • Hartwell, Robert. "Markets, Technology, and the Structure of Enterprise in the Development of the Eleventh-Century Chinese Iron and Steel Industry," The Journal of Economic History (Volume 26, Number 1, 1966): 29–58.
  • Henderson, John B. "Ch'ing Scholars' Views of Western Astronomy," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (Volume 46, Number 1, 1986): 121–148.
  • Hsu, Mei-ling. "Chinese Marine Cartography: Sea Charts of Pre-Modern China," Imago Mundi (Volume 40, 1988): 96–112.
  • Huff, Toby E. (2003). The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China, and the West. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521529948.
  • Hymes, Robert P. and Conrad Schirokauer (1993). Ordering the World: Approaches to State and Society in Sung Dynasty China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Katz, Victor J. (2007). The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam: A Sourcebook. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691114854.
  • Kim, Yung Sik. (2000). The Natural Philosophy of Chu Hsi (1130-1200). DIANE Publishing. ISBN 087169235X.
  • Li, Chu-Tsing. "The Autumn Colors on the Ch'iao and Hua Mountains: A Landscape by Chao Meng-Fu," Artibus Asiae (Volume 21, 1965): 4–7, 9–85, 87, 89–109.
  • Li, Chu-Tsing. "A Thousand Peaks and Myriad Ravines: Chinese Paintings in the Charles A. Drenowatz Collection," Artibus Asiae (Volume 30, 1974): I-XI, 1-5, 7-49, 51-79, 81-133, 135-161, 163-199, 201-217, 219-289, 291-301, 303-319, I-CV, CVII-CXIV.
  • Lian, Xianda. "The Old Drunkard Who Finds Joy in His Own Joy -Elitist Ideas in Ouyang Xiu's Informal Writings," Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) (Volume 23, 2001): 1–29.
  • Menzies, Nicholas K. (1994). Forest and Land Management in Imperial China. New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc. ISBN 0312102542.
  • Mohn, Peter (2003). Magnetism in the Solid State: An Introduction. New York: Springer-Verlag Inc. ISBN 3540431837.
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 1, Introductory Orientations. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 1, Physics. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3: Civil Engineering and Nautics. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1: Paper and Printing. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7, Military Technology; the Gunpowder Epic. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
  • Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 1: Botany. Taipei, Caves Books Ltd.
  • Parker, Joseph D. (1999). Zen Buddhist Landscape Arts of Early Muromachi Japan (1336-1573). Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0791439097.
  • Restivo, Sal. (1992). Mathematics in Society and History: Sociological Inquiries. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 1402000391.
  • Ropp, Paul S. (1990). Heritage of China: Contemporary Perspectives on Chinese History. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520064409
  • Salam, Abdus (1984), "Islam and Science". In C. H. Lai (1987), Ideals and Realities: Selected Essays of Abdus Salam, 2nd ed., World Scientific, Singapore.
  • Rudolph, R.C. "Preliminary Notes on Sung Archaeology," The Journal of Asian Studies (Volume 22, Number 2, 1963): 169–177.
  • Ruitenbeek, Klaas. (1996). Carpentry & Building in Late Imperial China: A Study of the Fifteenth Century Carpenter's Manual Lu Ban Jing. Leiden: E.J. Brill. ISBN 9004105298.
  • Sivin, Nathan (1995). Science in Ancient China: Researches and Reflections. Brookfield, Vermont: VARIORUM, Ashgate Publishing.
  • Sivin, Nathan. (1984). "Why the Scientific Revolution Did Not Take Place in China—Or Didn't It?" in Transformation and Tradition in the Sciences: Essays in Honor of I. Bernard Cohen, 531–555, ed. Everett Mendelsohn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521524857.
  • Stanley-Baker, Joan. "The Development of Brush-Modes in Sung and Yüan," Artibus Asiae (Volume 39, Number 1, 1977): 13–59.
  • Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (1997). Liao Architecture. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
  • Stock, Jonathan. "A Historical Account of the Chinese Two-Stringed Fiddle Erhu," The Galpin Society Journal (Volume 46, 1993): 83–113.
  • Sung, Tz’u, translated by Brian E. McKnight (1981). The Washing Away of Wrongs: Forensic Medicine in Thirteenth-Century China. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0892648007
  • Tao, Jie, Zheng Bijun and Shirley L. Mow. (2004). Holding Up Half the Sky: Chinese Women Past, Present, and Future. New York: Feminist Press. ISBN 1-55861-465-6.
  • Wu, Kuang Ch'ing. "Ming Printing and Printers," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (February 1943): 203-260.
  • Yao, Xinzhong. (2003). RoutledgeCurzon Encyclopedia of Confucianism: Volume 2, O–Z. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0700711996.
  • Zhang, Yunming (1986). Isis: The History of Science Society: Ancient Chinese Sulfur Manufacturing Processes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

[

External links

Atlas Portal
Chinese Wikisource (維基文庫) has original works written by or about:
This article contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.


Persondata
NAME Shen, Kuo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Shen, Kua; 沈括 (Chinese)
SHORT DESCRIPTION Chinese scientist and statesman
DATE OF BIRTH 1031
PLACE OF BIRTH Qiantang
DATE OF DEATH 1095
PLACE OF DEATH Runzhou



BCUZ.com FACTS Encyclopedia content is licensed under the GFDL as approved by Wikipedia.
For more information review our copyright contact and privacy policy.
© 1996 - BCUZ.COM - We have all the FACTS you need about Small Business Financing, Behavior Disorder, Having Too Many Bills, Needing Cash Fast, Structured Settlements, Frequent Flier Programs, Top Steak Houses, The Mayan Indians, Norfolk and Suffolk England, Growing Longer Hair and a full reference English Encyclopedia and Spanish Encyclopedia.Privacy Policy