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Pope



Today, the heads of the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria continue to be called "Pope", the former being called "Coptic Pope" or, more properly, "Pope and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Orthodox and Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle" and the last called "Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa".

In the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Russian Orthodox Church and Serbian Orthodox Church, it is not unusual for a village priest to be called a "pope" ("поп"). However, this should be differentiated from the words used for the head of the Catholic Church (Bulgarian "папа", Russian "папа римский").

Longest-reigning Popes

Pope Pius IX, possibly the longest-reigning pope
Pope Pius IX, possibly the longest-reigning pope

Although the average reign of the pope from the middle ages was a decade, a number of those whose reign lengths can be determined from contemporary historical data are the following:

  1. Pius IX (1846–1878): 31 years, 7 months and 23 days (11,560 days).
  2. John Paul II (1978–2005): 26 years, 5 months and 18 days (9,665 days).
  3. Leo XIII (1878–1903): 25 years, 5 months and 1 day (9,281 days).
  4. Pius VI (1775–1799): 24 years, 6 months and 15 days (8,962 days).
  5. Adrian I (772–795): 23 years, 10 months and 25 days (8,729 days).
  6. Pius VII (1800–1823): 23 years, 5 months and 7 days (8,560 days).
  7. Alexander III (1159–1181): 21 years, 11 months and 24 days (8,029 days).
  8. St. Sylvester I (314–335): 21 years, 11 months and 1 day (8,005 days).
  9. St. Leo I (440–461): 21 years, 1 month, and 13 days. (7,713 days).
  10. Urban VIII (1623–1644): 20 years, 11 months and 24 days (7,664 days).

Saint Peter is thought to have reigned for over thirty years (AD 29 - 64?/67?), but the exact length is not reliably known.

Shortest-reigning Popes

Pope Urban VII, the shortest-reigning pope
Pope Urban VII, the shortest-reigning pope

Conversely, there have been a number of popes whose reign lasted less than a month. In the following list the number of calendar days includes partial days. Thus, for example, if a pope's reign commenced on 1 August and he died on 2 August, this would count as having reigned for two calendar days.

  1. Urban VII (September 15–September 27 , 1590): reigned for 13 calendar days, died before consecration.[33]
  2. Boniface VI (April, 896): reigned for 16 calendar days
  3. Celestine IV (October 25–November 10, 1241): reigned for 17 calendar days, died before consecration.
  4. Theodore II (December, 897): reigned for 20 calendar days
  5. Sisinnius (January 15–February 4, 708): reigned for 21 calendar days
  6. Marcellus II (April 9–May 1, 1555): reigned for 22 calendar days
  7. Damasus II (July 17–August 9, 1048): reigned for 24 calendar days
  8. Pius III (September 22–October 18, 1503): reigned for 27 calendar days
  9. Leo XI (April 1–April 27, 1605): reigned for 27 calendar days
  10. Benedict V (May 22–June 23, 964): reigned for 33 calendar days.

Note: Stephen (March 23–March 26, 752), died of apoplexy three days after his election, and before his consecration as a bishop. He is not recognized as a valid Pope, but was added to the lists of popes in the fifteenth century as Stephen II, causing difficulties in enumerating later Popes named Stephen. He was removed in 1961 from the Vatican's list (see "Pope-elect Stephen" for detailed explanation).

See also

Christianity Portal

Notes

  1. ^ Liddell and Scott
  2. ^ This includes Eastern Rite churches that are in full communion with the Roman Pontiff.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Wetterau, Bruce. World history. New York: Henry Holt and company. 1994.
  4. ^ Such as regulating the colonization of the New World. See Line of Demarcation and Inter caetera.
  5. ^ In the Ravenna Document of 13 October 2007, theologians chosen by the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches stated: "41. Both sides agree ... that Rome, as the Church that 'presides in love' according to the phrase of St Ignatius of Antioch (To the Romans, Prologue), occupied the first place in the taxis, and that the bishop of Rome was therefore the protos among the patriarchs. They disagree, however, on the interpretation of the historical evidence from this era regarding the prerogatives of the Bishop of Rome as protos, a matter that was already understood in different ways in the first millennium." In addition, in the last years of the first century AD the Corinthian Christian Church accepted an Epistles of Clement intervention by the Church in Rome to help solve their internal disputes.
  6. ^ Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3), article Pope
  7. ^ Such as regulating the colonization of the New World. See Line of Demarcation and Inter caetera.
  8. ^ The Origin of the Papacy | About Catholics
  9. ^ Paraphrased from [1]
  10. ^ Prescription Against the Heretics, Chapter 28)
  11. ^ Tertullian, On the Veiling of Virgins, Chapter 1)
  12. ^ Vatican Information Service number 060322
  13. ^ Vatican City (Holy See) - The Keys and Coat of Arms
  14. ^ The texts of these canons are given in Denzinger, Latin original; English translation
  15. ^ Denzinger 3055 (old numbering, 1823)
  16. ^ Denzinger 3058 (old numbering, 1825)
  17. ^ Denzinger 3064 (old numbering, 1831)
  18. ^ Denzinger 3073-3075 (old numbering, 1839-1840
  19. ^ Lumen gentium, 25
  20. ^ Quoted from the Medieval Sourcebook
  21. ^ See selection from Concordia Cyclopedia: Roman Catholic Church, History of
  22. ^ For a look at some of those objections, see 16th Century Reformer [Philip Melancthon]'s A Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope
  23. ^ See the comparative dogmatic text Popular Symbolics by Engelder, p. 109, 161, 498,
  24. ^ 'Therefore on the basis of a renewed study of the pertinent Scriptures we reaffirm the statement of the Lutheran Confessions, that “the Pope is the very Antichrist”' from Statement on the Antichrist, from the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod, also The Pope is the Antichrist
  25. ^ Brief Statment
  26. ^ See Kretzmann's Popular Commentary, 2 Thessalonians chapter two and An Exegesis of 2 Thessalonians 2:1-10 by Mark Jeske
  27. ^ See See Kretzmann's Popular Commentary, Revelation Chapter 13
  28. ^ The Lutheran Churches of the Reformation[2], the Concordia Lutheran Conference[3], the Church of the Lutheran Confession[4], and the Illinois Lutheran Conference [5] all hold to Brief Statement, which the LCMS adopted in 1932 and places in the LCMS.org website
  29. ^ Online atOf the Antichrist
  30. ^ See the Baltimore Catechism on the temporal power of the pope over governments and Innocent III's Letter to the prefect Acerbius and the nobles of Tuscany. For objection to this, see the Concordia Cyclopedia, p.564 and 750
  31. ^ See Luther, Smalcald Articles, Article four
  32. ^ Sandro Magister, Espresso Online.
  33. ^ Answers.com

References

Further reading

  • Brusher, Joseph H. Popes Through The Ages. Princeton: D. Van Nostland Company, Inc. 1959.
  • Chamberlain, E.R. The Bad Popes. 1969. Reprint: Barnes and Noble. 1993.
  • Dollison, John Pope - Pourri. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1994.
  • Kelly, J.N.D. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford: University Press. 1986. ISBN 0-19-213964-9
  • Maxwell-Stuart, P.G. Chronicles of the Popes - The Reign By Reign Record of The Papacy From St. Peter To The Present. London: Thames and Hudson. 1997. ISBN 0-500-01798-0

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