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Plate tectonics



Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, was reported to show tectonic activity in images taken by the Huygens Probe, which landed on Titan on January 14, 2005.[32]

Metaphoric uses

Sometimes the idea of moving tectonic plates is used metaphorically, e.g. "a tectonic shift" in a BBC TV news program describing the political effects of Ariel Sharon's illness on 4 January 2005.

In the late 1980s, Québec theatre director Robert Lepage created a large international production called Tectonic Plates, which used this image to illustrate the rifts between Europe and America and the drifting of various destinies, relative to one another.

See also

References

  1. ^ Read HH, Watson Janet (1975). Introduction to Geology. Halsted, 13-15. 
  2. ^ Kious WJ, Tilling RI [February 1996]. "Historical perspective", This Dynamic Earth: the Story of Plate Tectonics, Online edition, U.S. Geological Survey. ISBN 0160482208. Retrieved on 2008-01-29. “Abraham Ortelius in his work Thesaurus Geographicus ... suggested that the Americas were "torn away from Europe and Africa ... by earthquakes and floods ... The vestiges of the rupture reveal themselves, if someone brings forward a map of the world and considers carefully the coasts of the three [continents]."” 
  3. ^ a b Frankel Henry (1978-07). "Arthur Holmes and Continental Drift". The British Journal for the History of Science 11 (2): 130-150. 
  4. ^ Joly J (1909). Radioactivity and Geology: An Account of the Influence of Radioactive Energy on Terrestrial History. Archibald Constable, 36. ISBN 1402135777. 
  5. ^ Thomson W (1863). "On the secular cooling of the earth". Philosophical Magazine 4 (25): 1–14. 
  6. ^ Hughes Patrick. Alfred Wegener (1880-1930): A Geographic Jigsaw Puzzle. On the Shoulders of Giants. Earth Observatory, NASA. Retrieved on 2007-12-26. “... on January 6, 1912, Wegener ... proposed instead a grand vision of drifting continents and widening seas to explain the evolution of Earth's geography.”
  7. ^ Alfred Wegener (1966). The Origin of Continents and Oceans. Courier Dover, 246. ISBN 0486617084. 
  8. ^ Hughes Patrick. Alfred Wegener (1880-1930): The Origin of Continents and Oceans. On the Shoulders of Giants. Earth Observatory, NASA. Retrieved on 2007-12-26. “By his third edition (1922), Wegener was citing geological evidence that some 300 million years ago all the continents had been joined in a supercontinent stretching from pole to pole. He called it Pangaea (all lands), ...”
  9. ^ Holmes Arthur (1928). "Radioactivity and Earth Movements". Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow 18: 559–606. 
  10. ^ Holmes Arthur (1978). Principles of Physical Geology, 3rd, Wiley, 640-641. ISBN 0471072516. 
  11. ^ 1958: The tectonic approach to continental drift. In: S. W. Carey (ed.): Continental Drift – A Symposium. University of Tasmania, Hobart, 177-363 (expanding Earth from p. 311 to p. 349)
  12. ^ Korgen Ben J (1995). "A Voice From the Past: John Lyman and the Plate Tectonics Story" (PDF). Oceanography 8 (1): 19–20. 
  13. ^ Spiess Fred, Kuperman William (2003). "The Marine Physical Laboratory at Scripps" (PDF). Oceanography 16 (3): 45–54. 
  14. ^ Mason RG, Raff AD (1961). "Magnetic survey off the west coast of the United States between 32°N latitude and 42°N latitude". Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 72: 1259–1266. 
  15. ^ Raff AD, Mason RG (1961). "Magnetic survey off the west coast of the United States between 40°N latitude and 52°N latitude". Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 72: 1267–1270. 
  16. ^ Huang Zhen Shao (1997). Speed of the Continental Plates. The Physics Factbook.
  17. ^ (2000) The Oxford Companion to The Earth. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198540396. 
  18. ^ Schmidt Victor A, Harbert William. "The Living Machine: Plate Tectonics", Planet Earth and the New Geosciences, third. ISBN 0787242969. Retrieved on 2008-01-28. 
  19. ^ Butler, Rob (October 2001). Where and how do the continents deform?, Himalayan tectonics, Dynamic Earth. School of Earth Sciences, University of Leeds. Accessed 2008-01-29.
  20. ^ Pedro Mendia-Landa. Myths and Legends on Natural Disasters: Making Sense of Our World. Retrieved on 2008-02-05.
  21. ^ Tanimoto Toshiro, Lay Thorne (2000-11-07). "Mantle dynamics and seismic tomography". Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 97 (23): 12409–12410. doi:10.1073/pnas.210382197. 
  22. ^ Conrad CP, Lithgow-Bertelloni C (2002). "How Mantle Slabs Drive Plate Tectonics". Science 298 (5591): L45. doi:10.1126/science.1074161. 
  23. ^ Lovett Richard A (2006-01-24). "Moon Is Dragging Continents West, Scientist Says". National Geographic News. 
  24. ^ Lippsett Laurence (2001). "Maurice Ewing and the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory]". Living Legacies. 
  25. ^ Moss SJ, Wilson MEJ (1998). "Biogeographic implications from the Tertiary palaeogeographic evolution of Sulawesi and Borneo", in Hall R, Holloway JD (eds): Biogeography and Geological Evolution of SE Asia (PDF), Leiden, The Netherlands: Backhuys, 133-163. ISBN 9073348978. Retrieved on 2008-01-29. 
  26. ^ Valencia Diana, O'Connell Richard J, Sasselov Dimitar D (November 2007). "Inevitability of Plate Tectonics on Super-Earths" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters 670 (1): L45–L48. doi:10.1086/524012. 
  27. ^ Bortman Henry (2004-08-26). Was Venus alive? 'The Signs are Probably There'. Astrobiology Magazine. Retrieved on 2008-01-08.
  28. ^ Kasting JF (1988). "Runaway and moist greenhouse atmospheres and the evolution of Earth and Venus". Icarus 74 (3): 472–494. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(88)90116-9. 
  29. ^ Connerney JEP, Acuña MH, Wasilewski PJ, Ness NF, Rème H, Mazelle C, Vignes D, Lin RP, Mitchell DL, Cloutier PA (1999). "Magnetic Lineations in the Ancient Crust of Mars". Science 284: 794. doi:10.1126/science.284.5415.794. 
  30. ^ Connerney JEP, Acuña MH, Ness NF, Kletetschka G, Mitchell DL, Lin RP, Rème H (2005). "Tectonic implications of Mars crustal magnetism". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102: 14970–14975. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507469102. 
  31. ^ Tectonic signatures at Aeolis Mensae. European Space Agency (2007-06-28).
  32. ^ Soderblom Laurence A, Tomasko Martin G, Archinal Brent A, Becker Tammy L, Bushroe Michael W, Cook Debbie A, Doose Lyn R, Galuszka Donna M, Hare Trent M, Howington-Kraus Elpitha, Karkoschka Erich, Kirk Randolph L, Lunine Jonathan I, McFarlane Elisabeth A, Redding Bonnie L, Rizk Bashar, Rosiek Mark R, See Charles, Smith Peter H (2007). "Topography and geomorphology of the Huygens landing site on Titan". Planetary and Space Science 55 (13): 2015. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2007.04.015. 

Further reading

  • McKnight Tom (2004). Geographica: The complete illustrated Atlas of the world. Barnes and Noble Books. ISBN 076075974X. 
  • Oreskes, Naomi (ed) (2003). Plate Tectonics: An Insider's History of the Modern Theory of the Earth. Westview. ISBN 0813341329. 
  • (2001) Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052135367X. 
  • Stanley Steven M (1999). Earth System History. W.H. Freeman, 211–228. ISBN 0716728826. 
  • Tanimoto Toshiro, Lay Thorne (2000). "Mantle dynamics and seismic tomography". Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 97: 12409. doi:10.1073/pnas.210382197. 
  • Thompson Graham R, Turk Jonathan (1991). Modern Physical Geology. Saunders College Publishing. ISBN 0030253985. 
  • Turcotte DL, Schubert G (2002). Geodynamics: Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0521666244. 
  • Winchester, Simon (2003). Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883. HarperCollins. ISBN 0066212855. 
  • Atkinson L, Sancetta C (1993). "Hail and farewell". Oceanography 6 (34). 
  • Lyman J, Fleming RH (1940). "Composition of Seawater". J Mar Res 3: 134–146. 
  • Sverdrup HU, Johnson MW, Fleming RH (1942). The Oceans: Their physics, chemistry and general biology. Prentice-Hall, 1087. 
  • Vine FJ, Matthews DH (1963). "Magnetic anomalies over oceanic ridges.". Nature 199: 947–949. doi:10.1038/199947a0. 

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