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Pierre Bourdieu



Bourdieu takes language to be not merely a method of communication, but also a mechanism of power. The language one uses is designated by one's relational position in a field or social space. Different uses of language tend to reiterate the respective positions of each participant. Linguistic interactions, thus, are manifestations, or instantiations, of the participants' respective positions in social space and categories of understanding, and thus tend to reproduce the objective structures of the social field. This determines who has a right to be listened to, to interrupt, to ask questions, and to lecture, and the degrees thereof.

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Legacy

Bourdieu "was, for many, the leading intellectual of present-day France... a thinker in the same rank as Foucault, Barthes and Lacan".[1] His works have been translated into two dozen languages and have had an impact on the whole gamut of disciplines in the social sciences and the humanities. Several works of his are considered classics, not only in sociology, but also in anthropology, education, and cultural studies. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste ([La Distinction]]) was named as one of the 20th century's ten most important works of sociology by the International Sociological Association.[1] His book Outline of a Theory of Practice is among the most cited in the world.[citation needed] The Rules of Art has impacted sociology, history, literature and aesthetics.

In France, Bourdieu was not seen as an ivory tower academic or "cloistered don", but as a passionate activist for those he believed to be subordinated by society. In 2001, a documentary film about Pierre Bourdieu – Sociology is a Martial Art – "became an unexpected hit in Paris. Its very title stressed how much of a politically engaged intellectual Bourdieu was, taking on the mantle of Emile Zola and Jean-Paul Sartre in French public life, and slugging it out with politicians because he thought that was what people like him should do."[1]

For Bourdieu, sociology was a combative effort, exposing the un-thought structures beneath the physical (somatic) and thought practices of social agents. He saw sociology as a means of confronting symbolic violence and exposing those unseen areas where one could be free.

Bourdieu's work continues to be influential, and sociologists such as Loïc Wacquant persistently apply his theoretical and methodological principles to subjects such as boxing, employing what Bourdieu termed participant objectivization, or what his former student, Loïc Wacquant calls "carnal sociology".

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Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f The Guardian obituary, Douglas Johnson 28 January 2002
  2. ^ Bourdieu, P. and L.J.D. Wacquant. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago and London: Univ of Chicago Press. p. 97.
  3. ^ Bourdieu, P. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge Univ Press
  4. ^ a b c d Swartz, D., Special Issue on the Sociology of Symbolic power: A Special Issue in Memory of Pierre Bourdieu, Theory and Society, Volume 32, Issue 5/6, 2003.
  5. ^ a b Burawoy, M., American Sociological Association Presidential Address: For Public Sociology, The British Journal of Sociology Volume 56, Issue 2, 2005.
  6. ^ Holmwood, J., Sociology as Public Discourse and Professional Practice: A Critique of Michael Burawoy, Sociological Theory, Volume 25, Issue 1, 2007.
  7. ^ Fuller, S., The Intellectual, Ikon Books, Cambridge, 2005.
  8. ^ a b Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 66
  9. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 69
  10. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 477
  11. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 177
  12. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 184
  13. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 pp 231-2
  14. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 75
  15. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 63
  16. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 466
  17. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 65
  18. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 56
  19. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 77
  20. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 79
  21. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 79
  22. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 177, 79
  23. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 179
  24. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 63
  25. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 78
  26. ^ Distinction, Bourdieu 1984 p 185
  27. ^ Bourdieu, P. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambrudge and New York: Cambridge Univ Press
  28. ^ Marx, K. 1973. Die Grundrisse. New York: Vintage. p. 258.

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Bibliography

Selected works:

  • Algeria 1960: The Disenchantment of the World: The Sense of Honour: The Kabyle House of the World Reversed: Essays, Cambridge Univ Press 1979.
  • Les héritiers: les étudiants et la culture (1964), Eng. The Inheritors: French Students and Their Relations to Culture, University of Chicago Press 1979.
  • Esquisse d'une théorie de la pratique, précédé de trois études d'ethnologie kabyle, (1972), Eng. Outline of a Theory of Practice, Cambridge University Press 1977.
  • Homo Academicus, (French Edition) Les Éditions de Minuit, Paris, 1984. (English Edition) Polity, 1990.
  • Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture (Theory, Culture and Society Series), Sage, 1990, with Jean-Claude Passeron (in French: La Reproduction. Éléments pour une théorie du système d'enseignement, Minuit, 1970).
  • with Luc Boltanski e P. Maldidier, La défense du corps, in Social Science Information, Vol. 10, n° 4, pp.45-86, 1971.
  • with Luc Boltanski, Le titre et le poste : rapports entre système de production et système de reproduction, in Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, Vol. 1, n° 2, pp. 95 – 107, 1975
  • with Luc Boltanski, Le fétichisme de la langue, in Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, Vol. 1, n° 4, pp. 2– 32, 1975.
  • with Luc Boltanski, La production de l'idéologie dominante, in Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, Vol. 2, n° 2-3, 1976, pp. 4-73, 1976-06.
  • Bourdieu, Pierre, Distinction: a Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste, trans. Richard Nice, 1984.Harvard University Press.
  • Choses dites, 1987 Eng. In Other Words: Essays toward a Reflective Sociology, Stanford, 1990.
  • Language and Symbolic Power, Harvard University Press 1991.
  • The Political Ontology of Martin Heidegger, Polity, 1991.
  • The Love of Art: European Art Museums and Their Public, Stanford University Press, 1991.
  • Language & Symbolic Power, Harvard University Press, 1991; paperback edition, Polity, 1992.[1]
  • An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology with Loïc Wacquant, University of Chicago Press and Polity, 1992.
  • with Hans Haacke, Free Exchange, Stanford University Press, 1995.
  • with Luc Boltanski and Robert Castel, Photography: A Middle-Brow Art, Stanford University Press, 1996.
  • Les régles de l'art, 1992; Eng. Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field, Stanford University Press, 1996.
  • with Monique De Saint Martin, Jean-Claude Passeron, Academic Discourse: Linguistic Misunderstanding and Professorial Power, Polity 1996.
  • Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action, Stanford University Press, 1998.
  • State nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power, Polity, 1998.
  • Weight of the World: Social Suffering in Contemporary Society, Polity, 1999.
  • On Television, New Press, 1999.
  • Acts of Resistance: Against the Tyranny of the Market, New Press, 1999.
  • Pascalian Meditations, Polity, 2000.
  • La domination masculine, 1998; Eng. Male Domination, Polity, 2001.
  • Interventions politiques (1960-2000). Textes & contextes d’un mode d’intervention politique spécifique, 2002.
  • Contre-Feux, 1998; Eng. Counterfire: Against the Tyranny of the Market, Verso Books 2003.
  • Science de la science et réflexivité, 2002; Eng. Science of Science and Reflexivity, Polity 2004.
  • Interventions politiques (1960-2000). Textes & contextes d’un mode d’intervention politique spécifique, 2002.
  • The Social Structures of the Economy, Polity 2005.

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References and further reading

  • Calhoun, C. et al. (1992) "Pierre Bourdieu: Critical Perspectives." University of Chicago Press.
  • Grenfell, M. (ed) (2008) "Pierre Bourdieu: Key concepts" London, Acumen Press.
  • Grenfell, M and Hardy, C (2007) "Art Rules: Pierre Bourdieu and the Visual Arts." Berg.
  • Grenfell, M (2007) "Pierre Bourdieu: Education and Training". Continuum
  • Grenfell, Michael (2004). Pierre Bourdieu: Agent Provocateur. Continuum. ISBN0-8264-6709-1. 
  • Lane, J.F. (2000) Pierre Bourdieu. A Critical Introduction. Pluto Press.
  • Wacquant, L. (2005) Pierre Bourdieu and Democratic Politics. Polity Press.
  • Fowler, Bridget, Pierre Bourdieu and Cultural Theory: Critical Investigations (London, California and New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1997).
  • Jean-Philippe Cazier [edit.],Abécédaire de Pierre Bourdieu, Sils Maria Press, 2007.
  • Sallaz Jeffrey J. and ­Jane Zavisca (2007). Bourdieu in American Sociology, 1980–2004. Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 33, pp. 21–41. [2]

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See also

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External links

Obituaries and biographical material

Other resources

Persondata
NAME Bourdieu, Pierre
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION French anthropologist, sociologist and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH August 1, 1930
PLACE OF BIRTH Denguin, France
DATE OF DEATH January 23, 2002
PLACE OF DEATH Paris, France



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