Finance          Automotive          Computers          Health          Shopping          Sports         News          Reference           Print Facts in English - BCUZ.COMlos hechos en Español

People's Republic of China



Main article: Sports in China
Evening pickup basketball game in a Beijing neighborhood.
Evening pickup basketball game in a Beijing neighborhood.

China has one of the oldest sporting cultures in the world, spanning the course of several millennia. There is, in fact, evidence that a form of association football was first played in China in ancient times, leading many historians to believe that the popular sport originated from China.[128] Besides soccer,[129] some of the most popular sports in the country include martial arts, table tennis, badminton, swimming, basketball, and more recently, golf and rugby. Board games such as Go (Weiqi), and Xiangqi (Chinese chess) and recently Chess are also commonly played and have organized competitions.

Physical fitness is widely emphasized in Chinese culture. Morning exercises are a common activity and often one can find the elderly practicing qigong and tai chi chuan in parks or students doing stretches on school campuses. Young people are especially keen on basketball, especially in urban centers with limited space and grass areas. The NBA has a huge following among Chinese youths, with Yao Ming being the idol of many.[130] The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, will be held in Beijing, and as a result the country has put even more emphasis on sports.

Many traditional sports are also played. The popular Chinese dragon boat racing (龙舟) occurs during the Dragon Boat Festival. In Inner Mongolia, sports such as Mongolian-style wrestling and horse racing are popular. In Tibet, archery and equestrianism are a part of traditional festivals.[131]

See also: Chinese art, Chinese architecture, Han Chinese clothing, Chinese cuisine, Traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese literature, Chinese mythology, Cinema of China, Chinese animation, Music of China, Public holidays in the People's Republic of China, and List of Chinese people

See also

People's Republic of China Portal
China Portal

References

  1. ^ CIA World Factbook[GDP PPP Rankings]
  2. ^ CIA World Factbook[GDP PPP Per capita Rankings]
  3. ^ CIA World Factbook[Gini rankings]
  4. ^ Area rank is disputed with the United States and is either ranked third or fourth. See List of countries and outlying territories by area for more information.
  5. ^ Gordon, Peter. Review of "China: The Balance Sheet -- What the World Needs to Know Now About the Emerging Superpower". The Asia Review of Books. Retrieved on 2007-12-24.
  6. ^ Miller, Lyman. China an Emerging Superpower?. Stanford Journal of International Relations. Retrieved on 2007-12-24.
  7. ^ China Passes U.S. In Trade With Japan
  8. ^ Trade Policy Outlook for Second-term Bush Administration
  9. ^ China - Taiwan Economic Ties
  10. ^ Beijing's Growing Politico-Economic Leverage Over Ulaanbaatar
  11. ^ Fighting Poverty: Findings and Lessons from China’s Success (World Bank). Retrieved August 10, 2006.
  12. ^ Beijing’s Olympic Quest: Turn Smoggy Sky Blue - New York Times
  13. ^ BBC NEWS | Asia-Pacific | China fails environment targets
  14. ^ Center for International Trade in Forest Products China’s Building Boom. Retrieved December 2, 2006,
  15. ^ Bloomberg.com: Latin America
  16. ^ The World Factbook, Rank Order - Imports.
  17. ^ WTO: China Daily
  18. ^ The Chinese people have stood up. UCLA Center for East Asian Studies. Retrieved April 16, 2006.
  19. ^ Justin Raimondo. "China and the New Cold War". 17 June 1999. Accessed 19 March 2007.
  20. ^ Nation bucks trend of global poverty (July 11, 2003). China Daily.
  21. ^ China's Average Economic Growth in 90s Ranked 1st in World (March 1, 2000). People's Daily Online.
  22. ^ "China worried over pace of growth". BBC. Accessed 16 April 2006.
  23. ^ Boum, Aomar (1999). Journal of Political Ecology: Case Studies in History and Society. Retrieved May 5, 2007.
  24. ^ Constitution Of The People'S Republic Of China
  25. ^ Unknown Author (2003). Beijingers Get Greater Poll Choices (Web). China Daily. Retrieved on 2007-02-18.
  26. ^ "Does China’s Land-Tenure System Discourage Structural Adjustment?" by Bryan Lohmar and Agapi Somwaru. 1 May 2006. USDA Economic Research Service. URL accessed 3 May 2006.
  27. ^ China sounds alarm over fast-growing gap between rich and poor. Retrieved April 16, 2006.
  28. ^ Beijingers get greater poll choices
  29. ^ University of Hong Kong releases the latest ratings of the top 10 political figures in Mainland China and Taiwan as well as people's appraisal of past Chinese leaders". 4 April 2006. accessed May 3, 2006.
  30. ^ China and Sweden
  31. ^ Eddy Chang (August 22, 2004). Perseverance will pay off at the UN The Taipei Times.
  32. ^ Dillon, Dana and John Tkacik Jr, "China’s Quest for Asia", Policy Review, December 2005 and January 2006, Issue No. 134. Accessed 22 April 2006.
  33. ^ Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation (March 21, 2006). Retrieved April 16, 2006.
  34. ^ http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0330/p01s01-woaf.html. Abraham McLaughlin, "A rising China counters US clout in Africa", The Christian Science Monitor, March 30, 2005 edition. Princeton N. Lyman. "China’s Rising Role in Africa", July 21, 2005 Council of Foreign Relations. Retrieved June 26, 2007.
  35. ^ The New England Journal of Medicine, September 2005
  36. ^ China to keep one-child policy - CNN.com
  37. ^ http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn/sandt/fertl2b.htm,
  38. ^ http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn/sandt/fertl2b.htm
  39. ^ a b China Human Rights Fact Sheet (March 1995). Retrieved April 16, 2006.
  40. ^ a b Reporters sans frontières - Annual Worldwide Press Freedom Index - 2005
  41. ^ 1998 U.S. Embassy Beijing report "The Fading of Environmental Secrecy". Accessed February 4, 2007
  42. ^ 1997 U.S. Embassy Beijing report "Environmental NGOs in China: Green is Good, But Don't Openly Oppose the Party", Accessed February 4, 2007
  43. ^ http://www.commondreams.org/headlines05/0405-07.htm 5 April 2005. Accessed 23 June 2006. The Independent/UK article, republished.
  44. ^ Media Control in China published 2004 by Human Rights in China, New York. Revised edition 2006 published by Liming Cultural Enterprises of Taiwan
  45. ^ a b "China's Progress in Human Rights" July 2005, Accessed: April 18 2008.
  46. ^ "China's reform and opening-up promotes human rights, says premier". 11 December 2003. Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States. Accessed 28 April 2006.
  47. ^ Gwillim Law (April 2, 2005). Provinces of China. Retrieved April 15, 2006.
  48. ^ "The People's Republic of China" (September 7, 2005). Foreign & Commonwealth Office
  49. ^ Population by Sex, Rate of Population Increase, Surface Area and Density. Demographic Yearbook 2005. UN Statistics Division. Retrieved on 2008-03-25.
  50. ^ United States. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved on 2008-03-25.
  51. ^ "Rank Order — Area" (March 29, 2006). CIA World Factbook.
  52. ^ China's border with Pakistan falls in the disputed Kashmir province. The area under Pakistani-administration is claimed by India.
  53. ^ "Beijing hit by eighth sandstorm". BBC news. Accessed 17 April 2006.
  54. ^ Ma Xiaoying; Leonard Ortalano [May 2000] (2002). Environmental Regulation in China. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 
  55. ^ Sinkule, Barbara J., Implementing Environmental Policy in China, Praeger Publishers, 1995, ISBN 0-275-94980-X
  56. ^ Ma, Jun, Li, Naomi (2006). Tackling China's Water Crisis Online (Web). www.chinadialogue.net. Retrieved on 2007-02-18.
  57. ^ China Seeks to Allay U.S. Fears as Summit Nears (2006). Retrieved April 15, 2006.
  58. ^ U.S. Department of Defense
  59. ^ Nolt, James H. Analysis: The China-Taiwan military balance. Asia Times. Retrieved April 15, 2006.
  60. ^ SinoDefence: Fighter Aircraft. Accessed 15 April 2006
  61. ^ SinoDefence: Surface-to-air Missile System[dead link – history] (2006). Accessed 15 April 2006.
  62. ^ SinoDefence: Aircraft carrier programme (2006). Accessed 15 April 2006
  63. ^ Malik, Khalid (December 16, 2005). "Launch of the China Human Development Report 2005"
  64. ^ China widens yuan, non-dollar trading range to 3% (September 23, 2005). Retrieved April 15, 2006.
  65. ^ CIA Factbook
  66. ^ CIA - The World Fact Book
  67. ^ Plafker, Ted, China's Long — but Uneven — March to Literacy International Herald Tribune
  68. ^ "China Is a Private-Sector Economy". BussinessWeek (2005-08-22). Retrieved on 2007-03-27.
  69. ^ China will list the Agricultural Bank of China, once restructured David Barboza, International Herald Tribune. Accessed: 11 February 2007.
  70. ^ China's First Man-made Satellite (2003). Ministry of Culture. Retrieved April 16, 2006.
  71. ^ Wade, Mark. Shenzhou (6 January 2006). Retrieved April 16, 2006.
  72. ^ Wade, Mark. (30 March 2005)Project 921-2. Retrieved April 16, 2006.
  73. ^ "China overtakes Japan on R&D" Financial Times. Accessed 3 December 2006.
  74. ^ OECD: China to spend $136 billion on R&D BusinessWeek. Retrieved 3 December 2006.
  75. ^ "Blinding Science: China's Race to Innovate" Bruce Einhorn, Business Week, 31 March 2006, accessed: 16 April 2006.
  76. ^ "China leading world in next generation of nuclear plants" Robert J. Saiget. DAGA. 5 October 2004. Accessed 16 April 2006.
  77. ^ China to build more highways in 2007
  78. ^ Expressways Being Built at Frenetic Pace
  79. ^ "China's Car Drive" (June 13, 2005). Earlywarning.
  80. ^ a b c CIA World Factbook. 20 April 2006. URL accessed 3 May 2006.
  81. ^ CIA factbook (29 March 2006). Retrieved April 16, 2006.
  82. ^ Stein, Justin J (Spring 2003). Taking the Deliberative in China. Retrieved April 16, 2006.
  83. ^ Zhou Qun, Lin Yanhua. China's urbanization encounters "urban disease", Chinanews.cn (中国新闻网), November 11, 2005. Accessed 21 April 2005.
  84. ^ China 2004 Migrant Workers, CBC Radio One, December 2004. Accessed: 21 April 2006
  85. ^ Francesco Sisci, "China's floating population a headache for census", The Straits Times, 22 September 2000.
  86. ^ Education (2002). Orasia co., ltd.
  87. ^ China pledges free 9-year education in rural west (February 21, 2006). China Economic Net.
  88. ^ Where And Who Are The World’s Illiterates: China
  89. ^ Premier Wen announces hefty educational investment (2007). Retrieved March 6, 2007.
  90. ^ 2005 Chinese University Ranking unveiled (February 21, 2005). China Daily. Retrieved April 16, 2006.
  91. ^ All-around Ranking (2003). Retrieved April 17, 2006.
  92. ^ "China's graft: Tough talk, old message" by Mary Hennock. 27 September 2004. BBC News. Accessed 2 May 2006.
  93. ^ The World Bank - China Quick Facts
  94. ^ a b McGregor, Richard (2007-07-02). 750,000 a year killed by Chinese pollution. Financial Times. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.
  95. ^ China AIDS Survey at Yahoo Accessed 18 April 2006.
  96. ^ "Incentives, Ideology, or Other Initiatives?- Why China’s Health Reforms Falter" by Tana Johnson. 18 April 2006. University of Chicago's East Asia Workshop. URL accessed 3 May 2006.
  97. ^ China’s Infant Mortality Rate Down. 11 September 2001. CHINA.ORG.CN. URL accessed 3 May 2006.
  98. ^ Nutrition country profiles: China summary. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.
  99. ^ "Smoking 'will kill one third of young Chinese men'". 16 August 2001. Honolulu Community College. Accessed 17 April 2006.
  100. ^ "Serving the people?". 1999. Bruce Kennedy. CNN. Accessed 17 April 2006.
  101. ^ "Obesity Sickening China's Young Hearts" 4 August 2000. People's Daily. Accessed 17 April 2006.
  102. ^ International Herald Tribune, Tues July 31, 2007, p16
  103. ^ "China’s latest SARS outbreak has been contained, but biosafety concerns remain". 18 May 2004. World Health Organization. Accessed 17 April 2006.
  104. ^ Bary, Theodore de. "Constructive Engagement with Asian Values". Columbia University.
  105. ^ a b Yen, Yuehping. [2005] (2005). Calligraphy and Power in Contemporary Chinese Society. Routledge. ISBN 0415317533
  106. ^ "China: Traditional arts". Library of Congress - Country Studies. Accessed: 26 December 2007.
  107. ^ "China: Cultural life: The arts". Encyclopædia Britannica Online Accessed: 26 December 2007.
  108. ^ "China: Folk and Variety Arts". Library of Congress - Country Studies. Accessed: 26 December 2007.
  109. ^ Buddhists in the world
  110. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named wlymwa
  111. ^ Asia Sentinel - How Now Tao?
  112. ^ Alliance of Religions and Conservation (ARC)
  113. ^ Religions and Beliefs in China
  114. ^ Society for Anglo Chinese Understanding (SACU)
  115. ^ Index-China Chinese Philosophies and religions
  116. ^ Adherents.com: Buddhism
  117. ^ International Religious Freedom Report 2007 - China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau)
  118. ^ AskAsia - Buddhism in China
  119. ^ TheAmericanForum For Global Education
  120. ^ Macintosh, R. Scott. China's prosperity inspires rising spirituality (March 9, 2006). Retrieved April 15, 2006.
  121. ^ BBC NEWS | Asia-Pacific | Survey finds 300m China believers
  122. ^ China Survey Reveals Fewer Christians than Some Evangelicals Want to Believe
  123. ^ Counting up the number of people of traditionally Muslim nationalities who were enumerated in the 1990 census gives a total of 17.6 million, 96% of whom belong to just three nationalities: Hui 8.6 million, Uyghurs 7.2 million, and Kazakhs 1.1 million. Other nationalities that are traditionally Muslim include Kyrghyz, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Tatars, Salar, Bonan, and Dongxiang. See Dru C. Gladney, "Islam in China: Accommodation or Separatism?", Paper presented at Symposium on Islam in Southeast Asia and China, Hong Kong, 2002. Available at http://www.islamsymposium.cityu.edu.hk. The 2000 census reported a total of 20.3 million members of Muslim nationalities, of which again 96% belonged to just three groups: Hui 9.8 million, Uyghurs 8.4 million, and Kazakhs 1.25 million.
  124. ^ Chinese government official statistics on Christian population in China. hrwf.org. Retrieved on 2007-08-27.
  125. ^ Christian population in China. guardian.co.uk. Retrieved on 2007-08-27.
  126. ^ Adherents.com
  127. ^ Joan Delaney, CBC Documentary Probes Falun Gong Persecution in China, Epoch Times, October 29 2007.
  128. ^ Origins of the Great Game. 2000. Athleticscholarships.net. Accessed 23 April 2006.
  129. ^ ESPN Soccernet. 2002. ESPN Soccernet. Accessed 26 January 2006
  130. ^ Beech, Hannah (2003). Yao Ming (HTML). Asian Heros. Time Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-03-30.
  131. ^ Qinfa, Ye. Sports History of China. About.com. Retrieved April 21, 2006.

Further reading

Find more about China on Wikipedia's sister projects:
Dictionary definitions
Textbooks
Quotations
Source texts
Images and media
News stories
Learning resources

External links

Overviews

Documentaries

Government

Studies

Travel

Maps
[edit]

Coordinates: 35°00′N, 105°00′E




BCUZ.com FACTS Encyclopedia content is licensed under the GFDL as approved by Wikipedia.
For more information review our copyright contact and privacy policy.
© 1996 - BCUZ.COM - We have all the FACTS you need about Small Business Financing, Behavior Disorder, Having Too Many Bills, Needing Cash Fast, Structured Settlements, Frequent Flier Programs, Top Steak Houses, The Mayan Indians, Norfolk and Suffolk England, Growing Longer Hair and a full reference English Encyclopedia and Spanish Encyclopedia.Privacy Policy