Passover
The "Second Passover" (Pesach Sheni) on the 14th of Iyar in the Hebrew Calendar is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (Numbers 9:6-13) as a make-up day for people who were unable to offer the pesach sacrifice at the appropriate time due to ritual impurity or distance from Jerusalem. Just as on the first Pesach night, breaking bones from the second Paschal offering (Numbers 9:12) or leaving meat over until morning (Numbers 9:12) were prohibited.
Today, Pesach Sheni on the 14th of Iyar has the status of a very minor holiday (so much so that many of the Jewish people have never even heard of it, and it essentially does not exist outside of Orthodox and traditional Conservative Judaism). There are not really any special prayers or observances that are considered Jewish law. The only change in the liturgy is that in some communities Tachanun, a penitential prayer omitted on holidays, is not said. There is a custom, though not Jewish law, to eat just one piece of Matzah on that night.[28]
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Influence in other religions
According to Sunni Muslim tradition the fast of Ashura commemorates the liberation of Israelites from Egypt. It takes place on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic Calendar. The start date of the actual fast varies from the 9th of Muharram to the 10th, or from the 10th to the 11th.
The Christian holiday of Easter is related to Passover. The holy day is actually called "Passover" in most languages other than English, and its central theme is that Christ was the paschal lamb in human form. Additionally, the New Testament relates that Christ's Last Supper was a Passover seder, but whether it was a first night or last (seventh) night seder is not clear. The latter seems more likely and it is known that the first Easter celebrations, by Jews who believed Yeshua Ben-Yosef to be the Messiah, were simply tacked on to the end of regular Passover celebrations. This historical calendaring of Passover may still be operational in some ancient or ancient-conforming independent churches.
The Eastern Orthodox holiday invariably still coincides with Passover, too, but this is by calendrical accident. In the Western and Eastern parish-centred traditions, Easter was fixed in medieval times to the full moon of the vernal equinox, reckoned functionally as March 21. But the Orthodox Churches continue to use the Julian Calendar more than 250 to 450 years after the Western churches adopted the Gregorian Calendar. Julian March 21 is the currently the same day as Gregorian April 3 - thus, the earliest Easter can fall on either calendar is March 22, but March 22 on the Julian Calendar is April 4 on the Gregorian. Additionally, whereas Western Easter is the Sunday one to seven days after March 21, Orthodox Easter is the Sunday eight to fourteen days after March 21. Jehovah's Witnesses are one of a few (usually) Western churches that do not observe Easter but, instead, observe only the Last Supper on the first evening of Passover; but they do not necessarily use the same date as the modern Jewish Calendar, but it sometimes corresponds with the same full moon as the festival of Purim. [29]
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See also
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Footnotes
- ^ Lev 23:6, Num 28:17, Num 33:3
- ^ a b (Lev 23:4; Num 9:3,5, Num 28:16)
- ^ Exodus 12:12: "On that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every firstborn—both men and animals—and I will bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt. I am יהוה (the LORD)."
- ^ Lev 23:6, Num 28:17, Num 33:3
- ^ According to Halakha, matzo may be made from flour derived from five types of grain: wheat, barley, spelt, oats and rye. The dough for matzo is made when flour is added to water only, which has not been allowed to rise for more than 18–22 minutes prior to baking.
- ^ De Lange, Nicholas (2000). An Introduction to Judaism. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press. p. 97.
- ^ De Lange, Nicholas (2000). An Introduction to Judaism. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press. p. 97
- ^ Deuteronomy 16:3
- ^ Deuteronomy 16:12
- ^ Exodus 12:14
- ^ Leviticus 23:5
- ^ Num 9:11)
- ^ (Exodus 12:6)
- ^ (Exodus 23:18)
- ^ (Exodus 12:9)
- ^ (Exodus 12:9)
- ^ (Exodus 12:46)
- ^ (Exodus 12:10Exodus 23:18)
- ^ Pesach questions and answers by the Torah Learning Center.
- ^ Exodus 12:18
- ^ Thought For Food: An Overview of the Seder | AskMoses.com - Judaism, Ask a Rabbi - Live
- ^ What is the kabbalistic view on chametz? by Rabbi Yossi Marcus
- ^ These Matzos are often begun to be produced in early November.[1]
- ^ Making matzo: A time-honored tradition
- ^ Afikoman. Dov Noy and Joseph Tabory. Encyclopaedia Judaica. Ed. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Vol. 1. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. p434.
- ^ De Lange, Nicholas (2000). An Introduction to Judaism. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Karaite Jews begin the count on the Sunday within the holiday week. This leads to Shavuot for the Karaites always falling on a Sunday.
- ^ Pesach Sheini
- ^ Passover. Louis Jacobs, Ernst Kutsch, Rela M. Geffen, and Abram Kanof. Encyclopaedia Judaica. Ed. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Vol. 15. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. p678-683.
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External links
- Complete Guide to Passover by Chabad.org
- Everything you need to know about Passover plus great Shopping for Passover
- Frequently asked questions about Passover by Askmoses.com
- Passover Study & History
- Complete Guide to Passover by Aish HaTorah
- International Seder Directory
- OzTorah - Torah insights on Pesach
- Passover/Seder Stories
"Pasch or Passover". Catholic Encyclopedia. (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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