Participants in World War II
The Axis Powers occupied Yugoslavia in 1941 and created several puppet states. The Independent State of Croatia was a German and Italian puppet state. The Nedić's Serbia was a German client state. The Independent State of Montenegro was an Italian puppet state from 1941 to 1943 and a German puppet state from 1943 to 1944. Other parts of Yugoslavia were occupied directly by Germany, Italy, Bulgaria, and Hungary.
Yugoslavs opposing the Nazis organized resistance movement People's Liberating Army of Yugoslavia (NOVJ), led by Josip Broz Tito and Communist Party of Yugoslavia.
Communist Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia was convened in Jajce in 1943 and established the basis for post-war organization of the country as a federative republic. After heavy bloodshed in the war which was in the same time liberation, ethnic and civil war, Yugoslavia was reestablished in 1945, expanding territories on areas previously ruled by Kingdom of Italy (Istria and parts of Dalmatia).
Near the end of the war, Western governments attempted to reconcile the partisans and the government-in-exile loyal to the king, which led to the Tito-Šubašić Agreement in June 1944 but, effectively, Communist Party gained the exclusive power in post-war state. After the war, gen. Mihailović and other royalists were rounded-up and executed for collaboration with the Nazis. Mihailović was posthumously awarded the Legion of Merit by President Harry S. Truman.
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References
- ^ Hakim, Joy (1995). A History of Us: War, Peace and all that Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509514-6.
- ^ Air Aces: List of Argentine Participants
- ^ Clarin: Los argentinos que pelearon en la Segunda Guerra
- ^ 83,700 according to Krivosheev
- ^ 79,500 according to Krivosheev
- ^ The Cross of Saint Patrick - The Catholic Unionist Tradition in Ireland, The Kensal Press: Kensal House, Abbotsbrook, Bourne End, Bucks, p. 360, written by Biggs-Davison, John & Chowdharay-Best, George
- ^ See The War Room website for a listing of bombing attacks on Free State soil, available here. The bombing attacks are claimed to have been either deliberate attacks, accidental, errors in navigation, or the result of British counter measures against the Luftwaffe. See Why the Nazis bombed Dublin Independent, The (London), January 24, 1999 by Robert Fisk available here and counter arguments available here.
- ^ German Intelligence had been in furtive contact with the IRA during the period leading to fears that a popular armed insurrection might occur. These contacts reached their zenith with the IRA plan for an invasion of Northern Ireland known as Plan Kathleen. What most people don't know is that Germans in Leenane, a small village on the border between County Mayo and County Galway, were re-supplying U-Boats that came into the Killary Harbour, Ireland's only Fjord. The nature and extent of these contacts continues to be a source of public recrimination to this day.
- ^ Northern Ireland at War
- ^ "Latvia". Encyclopædia Britannica (Encyclopædia Britannica Online). (2006).
- ^ While presenting the ultimatum and accusations of violation by Latvia of the terms of mutual assistance treaty of 1939, Soviet foreign minister Molotov issued an overt threat to "take action" to secure compliance with the terms of ultimatum – see report of Latvian Chargé d'affaires, Fricis Kociņš, regarding the talks with soviet Foreign Commissar Molotov; text in Latvian: I.Grava-Kreituse, I.Feldmanis, J.Goldmanis, A.Stranga. (1995). Latvijas okupācija un aneksija 1939-1940: Dokumenti un materiāli. (The Occupation and Annexation of Latvia: 1939-1940. Documents and Materials.). Preses nams, 348-350.
- ^ see text of ultimatum; text in Latvian: I.Grava-Kreituse, I.Feldmanis, J.Goldmanis, A.Stranga. (1995). Latvijas okupācija un aneksija 1939-1940: Dokumenti un materiāli. (The Occupation and Annexation of Latvia: 1939-1940. Documents and Materials.). Preses nams, 340-342.
- ^ the exact figures are not known since Russia will not make the relevant documents public
- ^ Report of General Inspectorate of the Latvian Legion on Latvian nationals in German armed forces. Retrieved on 2006-12-12.
- ^ "Analysis: Estonian War Veterans Provoke Russian Reaction", RFE/RL, 2004-07-22. Retrieved on 2006-12-12.
- ^ Andrew Ezergailis estimates the number of criminally guilty working for the German side, to be between 500 and 600, with 1,000 being the high estimate. Ezergailis, Andrew. Introduction to "The Holocaust in Latvia, 1941-1944: The Missing Center". Retrieved on 2006-12-12.
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Further reading
- Nazi Germany and Neutral Europe During the Second World War by Christian Leitz
- Neither Friend Nor Foe: The European Neutrals in World War II by Jerrold M. Packard
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