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Parkour



The basic movements defined in parkour are:[3]

Synonym Description
French English
Atterrissage or réception Landing Bending the knees when toes make contact with ground (never land flat footed; always land on toes and ball of your foot).
Équilibre Balance Walking along the crest of an obstacle; literally "balance."
Équilibre de chat Cat balance Quadrupedal movement along the crest of an obstacle.
Franchissement [fʁɑ̃ʃismɑ̃] Underbar, jump through Jumping or swinging through a gap between obstacles; literally "to cross" or "to break through."
Lâché [laʃe] Dismount, swinging jump Hanging drop; lacher literally meaning "to let go." To hang or swing (on a bar, on a wall, on a branch) and let go, dropping to the ground or to hang from another object.
Passe muraille [pas myʁaj] Pop vault, wall hop Overcoming a wall, usually by use of a kick off the wall to transform forward momentum into upward momentum. A passe muraille with two hand touches, for instance one touch on the top of a wall and another grabbing the top of the railing of the wall, is called a "Dyno".
Passement [pasmɑ̃] Vault To move over an object with one's hand(s) on an object to ease the movement.
Demitour [dəmi tuʁ] Turn vault A vault involving a 180° turn; literally "half turn." This move is often used to place yourself hanging from the other side of an object in order to shorten a drop or prepare for a jump.
Passement rapide Speed vault To overcome an obstacle by jumping side-wise first, then using one hand, while in the air, to push your body forwards.
Thief vault, Lazy vault, switch hands To overcome an obstacle by using a one-handed vault, then using the other hand at the end of the vault to push oneself forwards in order to finish the move.
Saut de chat [sod ʃa] Cat pass/jump, (king) kong vault The saut de chat involves diving forward over an obstacle so that the body becomes horizontal, pushing off with the hands and tucking the legs, such that the body is brought back to a vertical position, ready to land.
Dash vault This vault involves using the hands to move oneself forwards at the end of the vault. One uses both hands to overcome an obstacle by jumping feet first over the obstacle and pushing off with the hands at the end. Visually, this might seem similar to the saut de chat, but reversed. David Belle has officially rebuked this vault however,[citation needed] and thus its inclusion as a parkour movement is debatable.
Reverse vault A vault involving a 360° rotation such that the traceur's back faces forward as they pass the obstacle. The purpose of the rotation is ease of technique in the case of otherwise awkward body position or loss of momentum prior to the vault.
Planche [plɑ̃ʃ] Muscle-up or climb-up To get from a hanging position (wall, rail, branch, arm jump, etc) into a position where your upper body is above the obstacle, supported by the arms. This then allows for you to climb up onto the obstacle and continue.
Roulade [ʁulad] Roll A forward roll where the hands, arms and diagonal of the back contact the ground. Used primarily to transfer the momentum/energy from jumps and to minimise impact preventing a painful landing. Identical to the basic Kaiten or Ukemi of martial arts such as Judo, Ninjutsu, Jujitsu, and Aikido.
Saut de bras [sodbra] Arm jump, cat leap To land on the side of an obstacle in a hanging/crouched position, the hands gripping the top edge, holding the body, ready to perform a muscle up.
Saut de fond [sodfɔ̃] Drop Literally 'jump to the ground' / 'jump to the floor'. To jump down, or drop down from something.
Saut de détente [sodə detɑ̃t] Gap jump To jump from one place/object to another, over a gap/distance. This technique is most often followed with a roll.
Saut de précision [so d presiziɔ̃ Precision jump Static jump from one object to a precise spot on another object.
Tic tac [tik tak] Tic tac To kick off a wall in order to overcome another obstacle or gain height to grab something.

[

Accessories

There is no equipment required, although practitioners normally train wearing light casual clothing:[36][37]

The actual gear in itself, only consisting of:

  • Comfortable athletic shoes that are generally light, with good grip.
  • Sometimes, sweat-bands for forearm protection.
  • Rarely, thin athletic gloves (with rubber grips exhibiting only a mild adhesion), for protection in much the same ways shoes protect feet, due to the fact practitioners grab hold of abrasive objects (brick walls, fences, etc).
  • Weights can also be worn on the wrists or ankles to increase resistance and assist in strength training.

However, since parkour is closely related to méthode naturelle, sometimes practitioners train barefooted to be able to move efficiently without depending on their gear. David Belle has said: "bare feet are the best shoes!"[38]

[

Free running

Main article: Free running
Another saut de bras.
Another saut de bras.

The term free running was coined during the filming of Jump London, as a way to present parkour to the English-speaking world. However, free running and parkour are separate, distinct concepts—a distinction which is often missed due to the aesthetic similarities. Parkour as a discipline comprises efficiency, whilst free running embodies complete freedom of movement—and often includes many acrobatic maneuvers. Although often the two are physically similar, the mindsets of each are vastly different.[39] Foucan defines free running as a discipline to self development, following your own way.[40] While traceurs and traceuses practice parkour in order to improve their ability to overcome obstacles faster and in the most efficient manner, free runners practice and employ a broader array of movements that are not always necessary in order to overcome obstacles. The meaning of the different philosophical approaches to movement can be summed up by the following two quotes:

“ The most important element is the harmony between you and the obstacle; the movement has to be elegant... If you manage to pass over the fence elegantly—that's beautiful, rather than saying I jumped the lot. What's the point in that? ”
 
— Jerome Ben Aoues (experienced free runner), Jump London[41]

David Belle or PAWA team, or both emphasized the division between parkour and free running by stating:

“ Understand that this art has been created by few soldiers in Vietnam to escape or reach: and this is the spirit I'd like parkour to keep. You have to make the difference between what is useful and what is not in emergency situations. Then you'll know what is parkour and what is not. So if you do acrobatics things on the street with no other goal than showing off, please don't say it's parkour. Acrobatics existed long time ago before parkour. ”
 
— David Belle or PAWA team, or both.[2]

[

In popular culture

A traceuse vaults an obstacle.
A traceuse vaults an obstacle.
Main article: Parkour in popular culture

Parkour has appeared in various television advertisements, news reports and entertainment pieces, often combined with other forms of acrobatics also called free running, street stunts and tricking.

The most notable appearances have been in narrative films:

Outside North America, notable parkour documentaries include:

[

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Wikibooks
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of
  • Mirror's Edge - An upcoming video game that incorporates many elements of parkour.
  • Buildering - the act of climbing the outside of buildings and other urban structures. The word is a portmanteau combining the word "building" with the climbing term "bouldering".
  • Dérive - a French situationist philosophy of re-envisioning one's relation to urban spaces (psychogeography) and acting accordingly.
  • Free climbing - a style of climbing using no artificial aids to make progress.
  • Freestyle walking - considered to be a less extreme form of parkour
  • Tricking - an art with roots in different forms of martial arts and gymnastics, often mistaken for parkour by the media and public.
  • Street stunts - "urban gymnastics" an activity usually practiced both by free runners and tricksters.
  • Yamakasi - a group founded by David Belle and Sébastien Foucan 3 years before parkour with emphasis on style, fluidity and freedom. It is also a 2001 movie.
  • Contact improvisation - a dance technique in which points of physical contact provide the starting point for movement improvisation and exploration.

[

References

  1. ^ Collectif Parkour France DB. Avertissement mise en garde (French). Retrieved on 2007-02-27.
  2. ^ a b c David Belle or PAWA Team, or both. English welcome - Parkour Worldwide Association. Archived from the original on 2005-05-08. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
  3. ^ a b Severine Souard. Press - "The Tree" - L'Art en mouvement (JPG) (French). Retrieved on 2007-07-02.
  4. ^ Webster's New Millennium Dictionary of English. parkour. Dictionary.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-07.
  5. ^ a b Jeffy Mai (2008-04-14). Students on campus are mastering Parkour, an art of self-awareness and body control. Retrieved on 2008-04-19.
  6. ^ Sam Ser (January 17, 2008). Leap of faith. The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved on 2008-04-24.
  7. ^ What is Parkour?. americanparkour.com (2004-05-12). Retrieved on 2007-04-19. “It is considered by many practitioners (known as "traceurs") as more of an art and discipline.”
  8. ^ a b Cali meets David Belle. pkcali.com (2005-15-07). Retrieved on 2007-06-25.
  9. ^ a b Andreas Kalteis. Parkour Journeys - Training with Andi [DVD]. London, UK: Catsnake Studios.
  10. ^ a b c Châu Belle Dinh, Williams Belle, Yann Hnautra, Mark Daniels (Director). Generation Yamakasi [TV-Documentary]. France: France 2. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
  11. ^ N. Cazenave (5 April 2007). La pratique du parkour chez les adolescents des banlieues : entre recherche de sensation et renforcement narcissique (English). Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence. DOI:10.1016/j.neurenf.2007.02.001. Retrieved on 2008-04-19.
  12. ^ Emmanuelle ACHARD (October 1998). l'équipe 1998 Bercy (JPG) (French). JEUDI. Retrieved on 2007-06-29.
  13. ^ Jin (2006-2-23). PAWA statement on Freerunning.. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
  14. ^ the name parkour, simple question. Retrieved on 2007-04-12.
  15. ^ Random House Unabridged Dictionary (v 1.1) (2006). tracer - Definition by dictionary.com. dictionary.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-28.
  16. ^ Portail lexical - Définition de tracer (French). Retrieved on 2007-08-28.
  17. ^ Theodore Roosevelt autobiography, 1913, Chapter 2 "The Vigor of Life", accessed 2008-05-29.
  18. ^ a b c d e Artful Dodger. George Hébert and the Natural Method of Physical Culture. urbanfreeflow.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-22.
  19. ^ a b Georges Hébert - la methode naturalle (JPG) (French). INSEP - Musée de la Marine. Archived from the original on 2006-07-18. Retrieved on 2007-09-22.
  20. ^ a b Alec Wilkinson (April 16, 2007). No Obstacles. The New Yorker. Retrieved on 2007-10-14.
  21. ^ a b c d David Belle's biography. French biography referenced to www.david-belle.com. Jerome Lebret (2005-12-16). Archived from the original on 2005-12-16. Retrieved on 2007-04-12.
  22. ^ a b c d Raymond Belle's biography. Original French biography sourced from 'Allo Dix-Huit', the magazine of the Parisian pompiers.. Parkour.NET (2006-02-17). Archived from the original on 2006-02-17. Retrieved on 2007-09-29.
  23. ^ a b ez (2006). Sébastien Foucan interview. urbanfreeflow.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-14.
  24. ^ Sébastien Foucan (2002). History - Creation of the groupe "YAMAKASI" 1997. Retrieved on 2007-07-02.
  25. ^ Hugh Schofield (April 19, 2002). The art of Le Parkour. BBC News - TV and Radio. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
  26. ^ a b Two Theories on Parkour Philosophy. Parkour North America (September 7, 2007). Retrieved on 2008-04-16.
  27. ^ a b Keeping parkour rivalry-free : JOIN IN !. Parkour.NET (May 1, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
  28. ^ Paul Bignell and Rob Sharp (April 22, 2007). 'Jumped-up' plan to stage world competition sees free runners falling out. The Independent. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
  29. ^ Rooftop jumpers risking death Cambridge News Retrieved 5 February 2008
  30. ^ U. Illinois student dies after fall from broadcast tower The Daily Vidette Retrieved 5 February 2008
  31. ^ Student receives IUPD warning after IDS article about hobby Idsews.com Retrieved 5 February 2008
  32. ^ Wrexham police concerned as daredevil 'sport' craze grows Wrexham Leader (Retrieved 15 March 2008)
  33. ^ Rooftop-jumping youths arrested BBC (Retrieved 15 March 2008)
  34. ^ American Parkour Exclusive David Belle Interview American Parkour Retrieved 5 February 2008
  35. ^ Colin Bane (2008-01-08). Jump First, Ask Questions Later. The Washington Post. Retrieved on 2008-04-19.
  36. ^ What Should I Wear for Parkour?. americanparkour.com (2005-11-06). Retrieved on 2007-04-21.
  37. ^ Is there any equipment cost, membership fee, or exclusive conditions required for my child to do Parkour?. washingtonparkour.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
  38. ^ David Belle - Parkour simples. youtube.com (2007-03-16). Retrieved on 2007-07-07.
  39. ^ Urban Freeflow Team. Sebastian Foucan interview. Archived from the original on 2006-05-08. Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
  40. ^ Sébastien Foucan (10/06/06). FREERUNNING. Retrieved on 2007-06-22.
  41. ^ Jerome Ben Aoues. Jump London [TV-Documentary]. London, UK: Channel 4.



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