Operation Market Garden
The prized Arnhem bridge did not survive the war. It was replaced with a bridge of similar appearance after the war and was renamed John Frostbrug ("John Frost Bridge") for Colonel Frost in September 1978.
A memorial near Arnhem reads: "To the People of Gelderland; 50 years ago British and Polish Airborne soldiers fought here against overwhelming odds to open the way into Germany and bring the war to an early end. Instead we brought death and destruction for which you have never blamed us. This stone marks our admiration for your great courage remembering especially the women who tended our wounded. In the long winter that followed your families risked death by hiding Allied soldiers and Airmen while members of the resistance led many to safety."
On September 16, 1994, 101st Airborne veterans revealed a war monument 'Monument for the Dutch' in Sint-Oedenrode. The monument is a gift from the veterans to the civilians who fought alongside of the U.S. troops, much to the surprise and relief of the U.S. soldiers. The inscription on the monument is in English and reads "Dedicated to the people of the Corridor by the veterans of the 101st Airborne Division, in grateful appreciation of their courage, compassion and friendship".
The operation is also memorialized at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, home of the 82nd Airborne Division. Each of the major drop zones on the post is named for a major WW2 jump; the Holland, Nijmegen, and Netherlands Drop Zones commemorate Operation Market Garden.
Several museums in the Netherlands are dedicated to Operation Market Garden, including: National Liberation Museum in Groesbeek, Wings of Liberation Museum Park in Schijndel and Airborne Museum Hartenstein in Oosterbeek.
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References
- Clark, Lloyd (2003). Arnhem: Operation Market Garden, September 1944. Thrupp, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-75092-835-2.
- Major Ellis, L.S. [1968] (2004). Victory in the West: The Defeat of Germany, Official Campaign History Volume II, History of the Second World War: United Kingdom Military. Naval & Military Press Ltd. ISBN 1-84574-059-9.
- Frost, John [1980] (2002). A Drop Too Many. Pen & Sword Books Ltd; New Ed edition. ISBN 0-85052-927-1.
- Hastings, Max [2004] (2005). Armageddon: The Battle for Germany 1944-45. Pan Books; New Ed edition. ISBN 0-33049-062-1.
- Hibbert, Christopher [2003] (1962). Arnhem. Phoenix and the Windrush Press. ISBN 1-84212-727-6.
- Keegan, John (1994). Six Armies in Normandy: From D-Day to the Liberation of Paris. New York: Penguin. ISBN 0-14023-542-6.
- Keegan, John (2006). The Collins Atlas of World War II. Collins. ISBN 0-00721-465-0.
- Kershaw, Robert J [1994] (2004). It Never Snows in September. The German View of Market-Garden and the Battle of Arnhem. Ian Allan Ltd. ISBN 0-71103-062-6.
- MacDonald, Charles Brown [1963]. The Siegfried Line Campaign, The United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History. ISBN 0-71103-062-6.
- Piekałkiewicz, Janusz; H. A. Barker and Arthur J. Barker (1977). Arnhem 1944. Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 0-71100-826-4.
- Powell, Geoffrey (1992). The Devil's Birthday: The Bridges to Arnhem, 1944. Pen & Sword Books Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-352-4.
- Powell, Geoffrey; First edition published under the pseudonym Tom Angus [1976] (2003). Men at Arnhem. Pen & Sword Books Ltd. ISBN 0-85052-966-2.
- Ryan, Cornelius [1974] (1999). A Bridge Too Far. Wordsworth Editions Ltd. ISBN 1-84022-213-1.
- Saunders, Tim (2001). Hell's Highway: US 101st Airborne & Guards Armoured Division, Battleground Europe. Pen & Sword. ISBN 0-85052-837-2.
- Saunders, Tim (2002). The Island—Nijmegen to Arnhem, Battleground Europe. Pen & Sword. ISBN 0-85052-861-1.
- Saunders, Tim (2001). Nijmegen—US 82nd Airborne & Guards Armoured Division, Battleground Europe. Pen & Sword. ISBN 0-85052-815-1.
- Shulman, Milton [1947, 1968, 1986, 1995] (2003). Defeat in the West. Cassell military New Ed edition. ISBN 0-30436-603-X.
- Major-General Urquhart, Robert Elliot [1958] (2008). Arnhem. Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 1-84415-537-4.
- Dr.Warren, John C. (1997). Airborne Operations in World War II, European Theater. US Air Force Historical Research Agency.
- Weigley, Russel [1981] (1990). Eisenhower's Lieutenants: The Campaigns of France and Germany, 1944-45. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-25320-608-1.
- Wilmot, Chester; Christopher Daniel McDevitt [1952] (1997). The Struggle For Europe. Wordsworth Editions Ltd. ISBN 1-85326-677-9.
- Wilkinson, Peter W. (2003). The Gunners at Arnhem. P W Wilkinson. ISBN 0-95357-540-3.
- Whiting, Charles [????] (2002). Bounce the Rhine, Spellmount Siegfried Line. The History Press LTD; New Ed edition. ISBN 1-86227-151-8.
- Buckingham, William [2002] (2004). Arnhem 1944, Battles & Campaigns. Tempus Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7524-3187-0.
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External links
- The Airborne Cemetery Oosterbeek
- All the World's Airborne Operations
- The Pegasus Archive
- marketgarden.com: The Digital Monument
- Operation Market Garden: Last Stand at an Anhem Schoolhouse article by Niall Cherry
- Illustrated article on Operation Market Garden at Battlefields Europe
- Airborne Warfare by LTG James M. Gavin
- 82nd Airborne Division Operation Market historical data
- 82nd Airborne Division - Field Order No 11 - 13 September 1944
- The Lowdown on the Canadian War Cemetery and Memorial in Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Notes
- ^ a b c Stephen Badsey
- ^ Ellis, Pg 55
- ^ Ellis, Pg 55. 3,800 men captured during the course of the fighting, many of whom were wounded, 300 men of the rearguard and 400 doctors and other medical staff
- ^ Ellis, Pg 56, Recorded Second Army casualties as 3,716 from the 17th to 26th September. Ryan, Pg 456 states Second Army casualties being: XXX Corps 1,480, VIII and XII Corps 3,874
- ^ a b c Ryan, Pg 456
- ^ Hibbert, p.[page # needed]
- ^ Hibbert, p.44
- ^ Hibbert, p.10
- ^ Hibbert, p. 16
- ^ Whiting[page # needed]
- ^ Harlcerode, p. 28
- ^ "Handsup", a drop on Quiberon, was cancelled after naval objections, and "Beneficiary", a drop on Saint-Malo, because defenses were too strong.
- ^ Warren, Dr. John C. USAF Historical Study 97: Airborne Operations in World War II, European Theater (1956). Air University. p. 81.
- ^ Warren, Appendix 2, Tables I, II, and III, pp. 226-227.
- ^ Until August 25 IX TCC had been part of the Ninth Air Force but was placed directly under US Strategic Air Forces
- ^ Warren, p. 98
- ^ Warren, Table III. 655 of the 700 scheduled RAF sorties on the first two days towed gliders and the RAF only dropped 186 total troops by parachute.
- ^ Warren, p. 90.
- ^ Warren, p. 154.
- ^ Eisenhower had only 49 divisions.
- ^ Ryan, Cornelius A Bridge Too Far. 1974. p. 49
- ^ Warren, p. 100.
- ^ Warren, p.99.
- ^ Hastings, p.36.
- ^ Warren, pp. 137-138.
- ^ Laurens, Anne (1971). Lindemans Affair: Betrayal of the Arnhem Drop. Allan Wingate. ISBN 085523007X.
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