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Old Style and New Style dates



The Republic of China started using the Gregorian calendar on 1 January 1912, but the lunisolar Chinese calendar is still used along with the Gregorian calendar, especially when determining certain traditional holidays. The reference has been a longitude of 120°E since 1929, which is also used for Chinese Standard Time (UTC+8). China, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Taiwan all have legal holidays based on the lunisolar Chinese calendar, with the most important one being the Chinese New Year.

To visually distinguish old and new style dates, GB/T 15835-1995, General rules for writing numerals in publications, which is a national standard of the People's Republic of China, requires writing new style dates with Arabic numerals but old style dates with Chinese characters, never Arabic numerals.

In Taiwan, even though new style dates are written in Chinese characters in very formal texts, it is now common to see Arabic numerals in new style dates in less formal texts. When writing old style dates, Chinese characters are usually used while Arabic numerals are considered very casual and strongly discouraged as in Mainland China. The calendar year in Taiwan is usually expressed as the "Year of the Republic" — counting Year 1 as the foundation of the Republic of China in 1912 CE.

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See also

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Notes and references

  1. ^ a b Death warrant of Charles I web page of the UK National Archives.A demonstration of New Style meaning Julian calendar with a start of year adjustment.
  2. ^ The October (November) Revolution Britannica encyclopaedia, A demonstration of New Style meaning the Gregorian calendar.
  3. ^ Stockton, J.R. Date Miscellany I: The Old and New Styles "The terms 'Old Style' and 'New Style' are now commonly used for both the 'Start of Year' and 'Leap Year' [(Gregorian calendar)] changes (England & Wales: both in 1752; Scotland: 1600, 1752). I believe that, properly and historically, the 'Styles' really refer only to the 'Start of Year' change (from March 25th to January 1st); and that the 'Leap Year' change should be described as the change from Julian to Gregorian."
  4. ^ a b c Spathaky, Mike Old Style New Style dates and the change to the Gregorian calendar. "increasingly parish registers, in addition to a new year heading after 24th March showing, for example '1733', had another heading at the end of the following December indicating '1733/4'. This showed where the New Style 1734 started even though the Old Style 1733 continued until 24th March. ... We as historians have no excuse for creating ambiguity and must keep to the notation described above in one of its forms. It is no good writing simply 20th January 1745, for a reader is left wondering whether we have used the Old or the New Style reckoning. The date should either be written 20th January 1745 OS (if indeed it was Old Style) or as 20th January 1745/6. The hyphen (1745-6) is best avoided as it can be interpreted as indicating a period of time."
  5. ^ In Scotland the legal start of year had been moved to 1 January in 1600 (Mike Spathaky. Old Style New Style dates and the change to the Gregorian calendar); and as Ireland was not part of the union of Great Britain so separate legislation was needed for Ireland.
  6. ^ At the time, Poland was part of the Russian Empire
  7. ^ Nørby, Toke. The Perpetual Calendar: What about England Version 29 February 2000
  8. ^ House of Commons Journal Volume 8, 9 June 1660 (Regicides). British History Online. Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
  9. ^ Tuesday 31 December 1661, Pepys Diary "I sat down to end my journell for this year, ..."
  10. ^ Spathaky, Mike Old Style New Style dates and the change to the Gregorian calendar. "An oblique stroke is by far the most usual indicator, but sometimes the alternative final figures of the year are written above and below a horizontal line, as in a fraction (a form which cannot easily be reproduced here in ASCII text). Very occasionally a hyphen is used, as 1733-34."
  11. ^ A Julian leap year is every year divisible by 4. A Gregorian leap year is a year exactly divisible by 4 but not by 100 unless it is exactly divisible by 400. So 400, 800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 were leap years under both calenders, but the other centuries (e.g. 1700, 1800, 1900) were leap years under the Julian calendar but not the Gregorian calendar.
  12. ^ Russia: The October (November) Revolution. Encyclopædia Britannica Online (2007). Retrieved on 2007-03-18.
  13. ^ Today in Literature
  14. ^ Lord Robertson (2000). "Prospects for NATO–Russian relations" (.pdf). p. 1, para. 1. . NATO Retrieved on 2007-03-19.
  15. ^ John Baker. Why Bacon, Oxford and Other's Weren't Shakespeare use this quote by Benjamin Woolley and cites The Queen's Conjurer, The Science and Magic of Dr. John Dee, Adviser to Queen Elizabeth I, page 173.
  16. ^ a b Monticello Report: The Calendar and Old Style (O. S.). Thomas Jefferson Foundation (Monticello.org) (2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-07.
  17. ^ BAD LINK! 404 error Regnal Year Conversion Chart. Retrieved on 2007-03-19.
  18. ^ The Japanese Calendar History. National Diet Library, Japan (2002). Retrieved on 2007-03-19.
  19. ^ Andrei Lankov. "The Dawn of Modern Korea (266) Lunar Calendar", The Korea Times, 6 Feb 2005. Retrieved on 2007-03-19. 

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Further reading




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