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Musical instrument



Western instruments are also often classified by their musical range in comparison with other instruments in the same family. These terms are named after singing voice classifications:

Some instruments fall into more than one category: for example, the cello may be considered either tenor or bass, depending on how its music fits into the ensemble, and the trombone may be alto, tenor, or bass and the French horn, bass, baritone, tenor, or alto, depending on which range it is played.

Many instruments have their range as part of their name: soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, baritone horn, alto flute, bass flute, alto recorder, bass guitar, etc. Additional adjectives describe instruments above the soprano range or below the bass, for example: sopranino saxophone, contrabass clarinet.

When used in the name of an instrument, these terms are relative, describing the instrument's range in comparison to other instruments of its family and not in comparison to the human voice range or instruments of other families. For example, a bass flute's range is from C3 to F♯6, while a bass clarinet plays about one octave lower.

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Construction

Musical instrument construction is a specialized trade that requires years of training, practice, and sometimes an apprenticeship. Most makers of musical instruments specialize in one genre of instruments; for example, a luthier makes only stringed instruments. Some make only one type of instrument such as a piano.

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User interfaces

Regardless of how the sound in an instrument is produced, many musical instruments have a keyboard as the user-interface. Keyboard instruments are any instruments that are played with a musical keyboard. Every key generates one or more sounds; most keyboard instruments have extra means (pedals for a piano, stops for an organ) to manipulate these sounds. They may produce sound by wind being fanned (organ) or pumped (accordion), vibrating strings either hammered (piano) or plucked (harpsichord), by electronic means (synthesizer) or in some other way. Sometimes, instruments that do not usually have a keyboard, such as the glockenspiel, are fitted with one. Though they have no moving parts and are struck by mallets held in the player's hands, they have the same physical arrangement of keys and produce soundwaves in a similar manner.

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See also

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Notes

  1. ^ Sachs 1940, p. 60
  2. ^ Sachs 1940, p. 61
  3. ^ Brown 2008
  4. ^ Sachs 1940, p. 63
  5. ^ de Schauensee 2002, pp. 1-16
  6. ^ Moorey, P. R. S. (1977). "What Do We Know About the People Buried in the Royal Cemetery?". Expedition 20 (1): 24–40. 
  7. ^ West, M. L. (May 1994). "The Babylonian Musical Notation and the Hurrian Melodic Texts". Music & Letters 75 (2): 161–179. 
  8. ^ Sachs 1940, p. 25
  9. ^ Sachs 1940, p. 26
  10. ^ Sachs 1940, pp. 34–52
  11. ^ Sachs 1940, p. 35
  12. ^ Sachs 1940, pp. 52–53
  13. ^ Marcuse 1975, pp. 24–28
  14. ^ Sachs 1940, pp. 53–59
  15. ^ Marcuse 1975, p. 177
  16. ^ Marcuse 1975, p. 549
  17. ^ Marcuse 1975, p. 3
  18. ^ Marcuse 1975, p. 117
  19. ^ Sachs 1940, p. 447
  20. ^ Kartomi 1990, p. 174–175

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References

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