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Montreal



See also: Montreal roads
See also: List of bridges in Montreal
Jacques Cartier Bridge.
Jacques Cartier Bridge.

Like many major cities, Montreal has a problem with vehicular traffic congestion, especially from off-island suburbs such as Laval on Île Jésus, and Longueuil on the south shore.[citation needed] The width of the Saint Lawrence River has made the construction of fixed links to the south shore expensive and difficult.[citation needed] There are only four road bridges along with one road tunnel, two railway bridges, and a metro line. The far narrower Rivière des Prairies, separating Montreal from Laval, is spanned by eight road bridges (six to Laval and two directly to the north shore).[citation needed]

The island of Montreal is a hub for the Québec Autoroute system, and is served by Québec Autoroutes A-10 (known as the Bonaventure Expressway on the island of Montreal), A-15 (aka the Decarie Expressway south of the A-40 and the Laurentian Autoroute to the north of it), A-13 (aka Autoroute Chomedey), A-20, A-25, A-40 (part of the Trans-Canada Highway system, and known as "The Metropolitan" or simply "The Met" in its elevated mid-town section), A-520, and A-720 (aka the Ville-Marie Autoroute). Many of these Autoroutes are frequently congested at rush hour.[citation needed] However, in recent years, the government has acknowledged this problem and is working on long-term solutions to alleviate the congestion, such as re-routing traffic and expanding lanes.[citation needed]

Saint Lawrence Boulevard, also known as "The Main," divides Montreal into east and west sectors. Streets that cut across Saint Laurent Boulevard undergo a name change, in that Est or Ouest are appended to their names. Streets that do not cross the Main do not generally contain a cardinal direction at the end of their names.[citation needed]

Since Montreal is on an island, the directions used in the city plan do not precisely correspond with compass directions, as they are oriented to the geography of the island. North and south are defined on an axis roughly perpendicular to the St. Lawrence River and the Rivière des Prairies: North is towards the Rivière des Prairies, and south is towards the St. Lawrence. East and west directions are defined as roughly parallel to the St. Lawrence River (which flows southwest to northeast) and the Rivière des Prairies. East is downstream, and west is upstream.[citation needed]

Montreal also has a well developed network of bicycle paths.[61] Bike rentals are available at the Old Port of Montreal, as well as quadricycles, inline skates, children trailers, and segways.

Partner cities

Montreal has partnership, twin or sister city agreements with the following cities:

Country City County / District / Region / State Date
Flag of Armenia Armenia Yerevan Yerevan 1998[62]
Flag of the People's Republic of China China Shanghai Shanghai 1985[63]
Flag of France France Lyon Rhône-Alpes 1979[64]
Flag of France France Paris Île-de-France 2006[65]
Flag of India India Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 2000[66]
Flag of Japan Japan Hiroshima Hiroshima Prefecture 1998[67]
Flag of the Philippines Philippines Manila Metro Manila 2005[68]
Flag of South Korea South Korea Busan Yeongnam 2000[69]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data. Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population (2007-03-13). Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  2. ^ a b Population and dwelling counts, for urban areas, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data. Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population (2007-03-13). Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  3. ^ a b c Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data. Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population (2007-03-13). Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  4. ^ It is most common to omit the acute accent in English-language usage (Montreal), unless one is using a proper name where the context requires the use of the accent (e.g. Le Journal de Montréal, as compared to the Montreal Gazette), and to keep the accent in French-language usage (Montréal). This is also the approach favoured by The Canadian Press Style Book (ISBN 0-920009-32-8, at p. 234) and the Globe and Mail Style Book (ISBN 0-7710-5685-0, at p. 249). According to The Canadian Style (ISBN 1-55002-276-8, at pp. 263–4), the official style guide of the Government of Canada, the name of the city is to be written with an accent in all government materials.
  5. ^ real. Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law (2007-10-10).
  6. ^ Island of Montreal (HTML) (English). Natural Resoruces Canada. Retrieved on 07-02 2008.
  7. ^ Poirier, Jean (1979), “Commission de toponymie du Québec”, Island of Montréal, vol. 5, Quebec: Canoma, pp. 6-8 
  8. ^ Chapter 1, article 1, Chartre de la Ville de Montréal (HTML) (2008). Retrieved on 2008-02-07.(in French)
  9. ^ Chapter 1, article 1, Charter of Ville de Montréal (HTML) (2008). Retrieved on 2008-02-07. (English translation)
  10. ^ a b Population by language spoken most often at home and age groups, 2006 counts, for Canada and census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations – 20% sample data. Retrieved on 2007-12-05.
  11. ^ Malone, Robert (2007-04-16). Which Are The World's Cleanest Cities?. Forbes.com.
  12. ^ http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080609.wxlcities09/BNStory/lifeMain/home?cid=al_gam_mostview
  13. ^ Place Royale and the Amerindian presence. Société de développement de Montréal (September 2001). Retrieved on 2007-03-09.
  14. ^ a b c Tremblay, Roland (2006). The Saint Lawrence Iroquoians. Corn People.. Montréal, Qc: Les Éditions de l'Homme. 
  15. ^ Jacques Cartier: New Land for the French King. Pathfinders & Passageways. Retrieved on 2007-02-26.
  16. ^ Marsan, Jean-Claude (1990). Montreal in evolution. An historical analysis of the development of Montreal's architecture.. Montréal, Qc: Les Éditions de l'Homme. 
  17. ^ Walking Tour of Old Montreal. Vehicule Press. Retrieved on 2008-01-30.
  18. ^ Cities located close to Montreal. Distance Calculator. Time and Date AS (1995-2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-20.
  19. ^ The St. Lawrence River. Great Canadian Rivers (2007). Retrieved on 2008-05-20.
  20. ^ Island of Montreal. Geographical Names of Canada. Natural Resources Canada (2007-09-17). Retrieved on 2008-05-20.
  21. ^ Découpage du territoire montréalais en 2006 (PDF) (French). Montréal en statistiques. Ville de Montréal (2006). Retrieved on 2008-05-20.
  22. ^ a b Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000 (English). Retrieved on 2006-12-18.
  23. ^ Average Weather for Montreal, QC - Temperature and Precipitation. Weather.com.
  24. ^ Montreal Monthly Data Report for 2006
  25. ^ Vancouver Monthly Data Report for 2006
  26. ^ Cities appointed to the Creative Cities Network. UNESCO. Retrieved on 2007-11-22.
  27. ^ Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery Mission
  28. ^ Snow Festival
  29. ^ Twain, Mark. "MARK TWAIN IN MONTREAL", New York Times, twainquotes.com, 1881-12-10. Retrieved on 2008-02-02. 
  30. ^ Robinson rated ready for Dodgers in '47. The Sporting News (August 13, 1946). Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  31. ^ "Ballpark financing issue may kill deal", ESPN (AP, 2004-12-15. 
  32. ^ Olympic Stadium – Montreal’s FIFA U-20 World Cup Venue. Canada Soccer (2006-07-17).
  33. ^ . "AEROSPACE: Metro Montreal 2003, Strategic Profile" (PDF). . thomas finney Retrieved on 2007-01-03.
  34. ^ Montreal, Canada appointed a UNESCO City of Design. UNESCO (2006-06-07).
  35. ^ Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada, Highlight Tables, 2006 Census: Montreal (CMA). Statistics Canada. Retrieved on 2008-04-02.
  36. ^ a b Visible minority groups, 2006 counts, for Canada and census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations - 20% sample data. Canada 2006 Census. Statistics Canada (04-02-2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-20.
  37. ^ a b c Vol. 1 - Table 2 (XLS). 1951 Canadian Census. University of Toronto. Retrieved on 2008-05-20.
  38. ^ a b c d e Statistical Tables - Religion (English). Statistics Canada Census. Gouvernement du Québec. Retrieved on 2008-05-20.
  39. ^ Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Divisions, 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data. Statistics Canada, 2001 Census of Population. Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  40. ^ a b Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census divisions, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data. Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population (2007-03-13). Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  41. ^ (French) Institut de la statistique du Québec. Tableau 2 - Langue maternelle et langues parlées à la maison, connaissance des langues officielles, 1996, 1991 et 1986 - Régions métropolitaines de recensement (PDF). Retrieved on 2007-03-16.
  42. ^ Language Spoken Most Often at Home (8), Language Spoken at Home on a Regular Basis (9), Sex (3) and Age Groups (15) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas 1 and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada, 2001 Census of Population. Retrieved on 2007-03-16.
  43. ^ a b Montreal (CMA) - Detailed Mother Tongue. Canada 2006 Census. Statistics Canada (April 1, 2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-18.
  44. ^ CBC Article - Church attendance declining in Canada
  45. ^ a b c 2001 Community Highlights for Montréal. Statistics Canada. Retrieved on 2007-08-02.
  46. ^ 2001 Community Highlights for Hampstead. Statistics Canada. Retrieved on 2007-08-02.
  47. ^ 2001 Community Highlights for Côte-Saint-Luc. Statistics Canada. Retrieved on 2008-05-20.
  48. ^ The Jewish Communities of Canada (English). Am Yisrael. Retrieved on 2008-05-20.
  49. ^ University attendance: Montréal ranks first in relative terms and fifth in absolute terms in North America (html) (English). Canada Economic Development for Quebec regions (1996). Retrieved on 04, 2008. Retrieved on 02-04, 2008. Retrieved on 04-02 2008.
  50. ^ "McGill again tops Maclean's University Rankings", "McGill Public and Media Newsroom" November 8, 2007. Accessed May 4, 2008
  51. ^ QS Top Universities: Schools (English). QS Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd (2007). Retrieved on 02-04, 2008. Retrieved on 04-02 2008.
  52. ^ Rencontre avec le recteur Roch Denis : Vers la plus grande université bimodale de la francophonie - Le Devoir, November 26-27, 2005. Retrieved, February 2008.
  53. ^ English Montreal School Board
  54. ^ Lester B. Pearson School Board
  55. ^ Commission scolaire de Montréal
  56. ^ Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys
  57. ^ Commission scolaire Pointe-de-l'Île
  58. ^ a b Passengers
  59. ^ Transport Canada TP 577 - Aircraft Movement Statistics Annual Report 2006
  60. ^ Aer Rianta International: Worldwide Locations > Americas > Montreal (HTML) (English). Aer Rianta International. Retrieved on 04, 2008. Retrieved on 02-04, 2008. Retrieved on 04-02 2008.
  61. ^ Le réseau cyclable montréalais (French). Vélo Québec. Retrieved on 2007-08-02.
  62. ^ Sister Towns of Yerevan
  63. ^ McGill University Library
  64. ^ Partner cities - Site Officiel de la Ville de Lyon
  65. ^ Mairie de Paris. Les pactes d'amitié et de coopération. Retrieved on 2007-10-14.
  66. ^ mastindia.com. Little India Montreal!. Retrieved on 2008-02-17.
  67. ^ Sister City: The City of Montreal", City of Hiroshima, Japan, June 4, 1998. Retrieved on 2008-02-01.
  68. ^ The Official Government Portal of the Republic of the Philippines
  69. ^ Busan News-Efforts increased for market exploration in N. America

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Rivière des Prairies, Laval Rivière des Prairies, Laval Rivière des Prairies, Repentigny
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West Island North Saint Lawrence River, Boucherville, Varennes
West   Montreal    East
South
Saint Lawrence River, La Prairie, Candiac Saint Lawrence River, Saint-Lambert, Brossard Saint Lawrence River, Longueuil
Preceded by
Antwerp		 World Book Capital
2005		 Succeeded by
Turin
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Flag of Montreal Montreal
Features
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Roads, bridges, and tunnels in Montreal
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Urban Agglomeration of Montreal
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Greater Montreal Area • Administrative subdivisions of Quebec • Urban agglomerations of Quebec • Municipal reorganization in Quebec
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Flag of Quebec Administrative divisions of Quebec
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Montreal · Quebec · Laval · Gatineau · Longueuil · Sherbrooke · Saguenay · Lévis · Trois-Rivières
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Summer Olympic Games host cities

1896: Athens • 1900: Paris • 1904: St. Louis • 1908: London • 1912: Stockholm • 1920: Antwerp • 1924: Paris • 1928: Amsterdam • 1932: Los Angeles • 1936: Berlin • 1948: London • 1952: Helsinki • 1956: Melbourne • 1960: Rome • 1964: Tokyo • 1968: Mexico City • 1972: Munich • 1976: Montreal • 1980: Moscow • 1984: Los Angeles • 1988: Seoul • 1992: Barcelona • 1996: Atlanta • 2000: Sydney • 2004: Athens • 2008: Beijing • 2012: London
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Flag of the United Nations World Book Capitals
2001: Madrid · 2002: Alexandria · 2003: New Delhi · 2004: Antwerp · 2005: Montreal · 2006: Turin · 2007: Bogotá · 2008: Amsterdam · 2009: Beirut

Coordinates: 45°30′32″N 73°33′15″W / 45.50889, -73.55417




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