Monarch
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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (September 2006) |
When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to the right of the slash.
- Africa
- Chieftain - Leader of a people
- Negus - Ethiopia
- Tutsi Mwami - Kings of Rwanda and Burundi
- Oba - Yoruba people of Nigeria
- Eze - Igbo people of Nigeria
- Kabaka - Baganda people of Buganda in Uganda
- Almamy - Fulani people of west Africa
- Omukama - Bunyoro, title of some kings in Uganda
- Asantehene - Ashanti, title of the King of the Ashanti People in Ghana
- Asia
- Arasan/Arasi - Tamil Nadu(India), Sri Lanka
- Veyndhan, ko/Arasi - Tamil Nadu(India)
- Druk Gyalpo — hereditary title given to the king of Bhutan
- Chakrawarti Raja - India Sri Lanka
- Chogyal — "Divine Ruler" — ruled Sikkim until 1975
- Engku or Ungku - Malaysia, to denote particular family lineage akin to royalty
- Qaghan - Central Asian Tribes
- Hwangje - States that unified Korea
- Wang - States of Korea that do not have control over all of Korea
- Huángdì - Imperial China (Emperor)
- Susuhanan - the Indonesian princely state of Surakarta until its abolition
- Sultan - Aceh, Brunei Darussalam, Java, Oman, Malaysia, Sultan is the title of seven (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, and Terengganu) of the nine rulers of the Malay states
- Maha Raja - India Sri Lanka
- Meurah - Aceh before Islam
- Yang di-Pertuan Agong - Monarch of Malaysia, elected each five years among the reigning Sultan of each Malaysian state
- Sumeramikoto, Okimi - Japan, king
- Tennō or Mikado - Japan
- Shogun - Japanese military dictator, always a Samurai
- Saopha - Shan, king of Shan, today as a part of Myanmar
- Shahinshah or Padshah or Badshah or simply Shah - Emperor of Iran or Hindustan(India)
- Syed or Shariffah - Malaysia, descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad; Syed/Sharifah in Perlis if suffixed by the royal clan name, is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess
- Wang (King) - pre-Imperial China
- In China, "king" is the usual translation for the term wang 王.
- Emperor of China
- Patabenda - Sub- king Sri lanka
- Preah Karuna Preah Bat Sâmdech Preah Bâromneath - King of Cambodia Khmer , the title literally means "The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)" (This royal title doesn't refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions.)
- Phrabat Somdej Phrachaoyuhua - King of Thailand (Siam), the title literally means "The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)" (This royal title doesn't refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions.)
- Racha - Thailand same meaning as Raja
- Datu - pre-colonial Philippines
- Raja - pre-colonial Philippines
- Raja - Malaysia, Raja denotes royalty in Perak and certain Selangor royal family lineages, is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess
- Tengku - Malaysia, Tengku (also spelled Tunku in Johor, Negeri Sembilan and Kedah is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess
- Raja - Nepal King
- Rani - Nepali Queen
- Hari - Filipino title for king
- Europe
- Giray - Crimean King
- Arqa/Thagavor - Armenian King
- Germanic king
- Basileus - Greek King
- Despot - Serbia (originating from Byzantium)
- Vezér - Ancient Hungarian
- Fejedelem - Ancient/Medieval Hungarian
- Imperator Tsar / Czar Autocrat - The Ruler of Imperial Russia
- Vojvoda (Serbian)/Vajda (Hungarian) - Serbian/Hungarian/Romany Title
- Domn (in Romanian) /Gospodar (in Old Slavonian) - Medieval Romania (Moldova, Wallachia)
- Rí, Rúirí, Rí Rúireach and Ard Rí - King, local overking, regional King, and High King in pre-Norman Ireland
- Kniaz'/Knyaginya/Knez/Knjeginja (generally translated as "prince") - Kievan Rus'/Serbia
- Kralj- Croatia, Serbia
- Kaiser - Imperial Germany
- Tsar/Tsaritsa - Bulgaria, pre-imperial Russia, Serbia
- Kunigaikshtis (Kunigaikštis) - Lithuanian, duke as in Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
- Župan sometimes Veliki Župan (Grand Župan) - Serbia, Croatia
- Autocrator Greek term for the Byzantine Emperor
- Mbret - Albanian King
- Africa and the Middle-East
- Oceania
- Chieftain - Leader of a tribe or clan.
- Tuʻi or tui - there were/are also kings in Oceania (i.e. Tonga, Wallis and Futuna, Nauru)
- houʻeiki, matai, aliʻi, tūlafale, tavana, ariki - usually translated as "chief" in various Polynesian countries.
- "Mo'i" normally translated as King is a title used by Hawaiian monarchs since unification in 1810. The last person to hold that title was Queen Lili'uokalani.
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Current monarchs
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It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into List of current monarchs. (Discuss) |
- See also: List of current monarchs
NOTE: The table comprises all sovereign monarchs of the world today, but is severely incomplete with regard to the non-sovereign monarchs.
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Use of titles by non-sovereigns
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2007) |
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This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (September 2007) |
It is not uncommon that people who are not generally seen as monarchs nevertheless use monarchical titles. There are four cases of this:
- Claiming an existing title, challenging the current holder. This has been very common historically. For centuries, the British monarch used, among his other titles, the title King of France, despite the fact that he had had no authority over French territory since the fifteenth century. Such as any one of the numerous antipopes who have claimed the Holy See.
- Retaining the title of an extinct monarchy. This can be coupled with a claim that the monarchy was in fact never, or should never have been, extinct. An example of the first case is the Prince of Seborga. Examples of the second case are several deposed monarchs or otherwise pretenders to thrones of abolished monarchies, e.g., Leka, Crown Prince of Albania who is styled by some as the "King of The Albanians." Retaining the title of an extinct monarchy can, however, be totally free of claims of sovereignty, for example it was customary of numerous European Monarchies to include "King of Jerusalem" in their full titles. When it comes to deposed monarchs, it is customary to continue the usage of their monarchical title (e.g., Constantine II, King of the Hellenes) as a courtesy title, not a constitutional office, for the duration of their lifetime. However the title then dies with them and cannot be used by anyone else unless the crown is restored constitutionally. (Some republicans take offense at this custom, in spite of the fact that the same courtesy is often given to former republican heads of state too – a former U.S. president is usually styled "Mr President" for the rest of his life.) Monarchs who have freely abdicated lose their right to use their former title. However where a monarch abdicated under duress (e.g., Michael I of Romania), it is customary to see the abdication as invalid and to treat them as deposed monarchs entitled to use their monarchical style for their lifetime.
- Inventing a new title. This is common by founders of micronations, and also may or may not come with a claim of sovereignty. When it does, it is disregarded by state leaders. A notable example is Paddy Roy Bates, styling himself the "Prince of Sealand," but not recognized as such by any national government, thus failing at least the constitutive condition for statehood (see Sealand for a fuller discussion of his claims).
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See also
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References
- ^ SOU 1977:5 Kvinnlig tronföljd, p.16.
- ^ The channel islands are all that remain of the Duchy of Normandy)
- ^ Canada: History
- ^ Ferguson, Will; The Lost Kingdom; Macleans, October 27, 2003
- ^ The Four Indian Kings
- ^ The Crown in Canada
- ^ Prince of Wales is a courtesy title given to the eldest son (if there is one) of the King/Queen of Great Britain and Nthn Ireland - he is not a monarch in his own right
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External links
- A Glossary of European Noble, Princely, Royal and Imperial Titles
- Regnal Chronologies King lists worldwide
- Archontology
- African Kingdoms Imperial Throne Leadership and Enthronements
- Imperial House Foundation - Africa/USA/Europe - interview
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