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Methane



Although less dramatic than release from clathrates, but already happening, is an increase in the release of methane from bogs as permafrost melts. Although records of permafrost are limited, recent years (1999 to 2007) have seen record thawing of permafrost in Alaska and Siberia.

Recent measurements in Siberia show that the methane released is five times greater than previously estimated [18].

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Extraterrestrial methane

Methane has been detected or is believed to exist in several locations of the solar system. It is believed to have been created by abiotic processes, with the possible exception of Mars.

  • Moon - traces are present in the thin atmosphere[19]
  • Mars - the atmosphere contains 10 ppb methane
  • Jupiter - the atmosphere contains about 0.3% methane
  • Saturn - the atmosphere contains about 0.4% methane
  • Uranus - the atmosphere contains 2.3% methane
    • Ariel - methane is believed to be a constituent of Ariel's surface ice
    • Miranda
    • Oberon - about 20% of Oberon's surface ice is composed of methane-related carbon/nitrogen compounds
    • Titania - about 20% of Titania's surface ice is composed of methane-related organic compounds
    • Umbriel - methane is a constituent of Umbriel's surface ice
  • Neptune - the atmosphere contains 1.6% methane
    • Triton - Triton has a tenuous nitrogen atmosphere with small amounts of methane near the surface.[22][23]
  • Pluto - spectroscopic analysis of Pluto's surface reveals it to contain traces of methane[24][25]
    • Charon - methane is believed to be present on Charon, but it is not completely confirmed[26]
  • Eris - infrared light from the object revealed the presence of methane ice
  • Comet Halley
  • Comet Hyakutake - terrestrial observations found ethane and methane in the comet[27]
  • Extrasolar planet HD 189733b - This is the first detection of an organic compound on planets outside the solar system. It is unknown how it originated, when the high temperature (700°C) favors the formation of carbon monoxide instead. [28]
  • Interstellar clouds[29]

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See also

Sustainable development Portal

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References

  1. ^ IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
  2. ^ Radiative Forces of Climate Change. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. IPCC. Retrieved on 2008-05-26.
  3. ^ SCHAUM'S OUTLINE SERIES, ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  4. ^ Miller, G. Tyler. Sustaining the Earth: An Integrated Approach. U.S.A.: Thomson Advantage Books, 2007. 160.
  5. ^ Livestock’s Long Shadow–Environmental Issues and Options. Retrieved on 2007-01-04.
  6. ^ California Cows Fail Latest Emissions Test
  7. ^ New Zealand Tries to Cap Gaseous Sheep Burps
  8. ^ Research on use of bacteria from the stomach lining of kangaroos (who don't emit methane) to reduce methane in cattle
  9. ^ Plants do emit methane after all - earth - 02 December 2007 - New Scientist Environment
  10. ^ Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions Nature, January 12, 2006
  11. ^ a b c Trace Gases: Current Observations, Trends, and Budgets. Climate Change 2001. United Nations Environment Programme.
  12. ^ a b Technical summary. Climate Change 2001. United Nations Environment Programme.
  13. ^ Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions. Nature (2006-01-12). Retrieved on 2006-09-07.
  14. ^ Plants revealed as methane source. BBC (2006-01-11). Retrieved on 2006-09-07.
  15. ^ Global warming - the blame is not with the plants. eurekalert.org (2006-01-18). Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
  16. ^ Duek, Tom A.; Ries de Visser, Hendrik Poorter, Stefan Persijn, Antonie Gorissen, Willem de Visser, Ad Schapendonk, Jan Verhagen, Jan Snel, Frans J. M. Harren, Anthony K. Y. Ngai, Francel Verstappen, Harro Bouwmeester, Laurentius A. C. J. Voesenek, Adrie van der Werf (2007-03-30). "No evidence for substantial aerobic methane emission by terrestrial plants: a 13C-labelling approach.". New Phytologist 175: 29. Blackwell. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02103.x. 
  17. ^ SCIENTISTS PINPOINT CAUSE OF SLOWING METHANE EMISSIONS. NOAA news Online. Retrieved on 2007-05-23.
  18. ^ Methane bubbles climate trouble. BBC (2006-09-07). Retrieved on 2006-09-07.
  19. ^ Stern, S.A. (1999). "The Lunar atmosphere: History, status, current problems, and context". Rev. Geophys. 37: 453–491. 
  20. ^ H. B. Niemann, et al. (2005). "The abundances of constituents of Titan’s atmosphere from the GCMS instrument on the Huygens probe". Nature 438: 779–784. doi:10.1038/nature04122. 
  21. ^ Waite, J. H.; et al.; (2006); Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer: Enceladus Plume Composition and Structure, Science, Vol. 311, No. 5766, pp. 1419–1422
  22. ^ A L Broadfoot, S K Bertaux, J E Dessler et al. (December 15, 1989). "Ultraviolet Spectrometer Observations of Neptune and Triton". Science 246: 1459–1466. ISSN 0036-8075. 
  23. ^ Ron Miller; William K. Hartmann (May 2005). The Grand Tour: A Traveler's Guide to the Solar System, 3rd, Thailand: Workman Publishing, 172–73. ISBN 0-7611-3547-2. 
  24. ^ Tobias C. Owen, Ted L. Roush et al. (6 August 1993). "Surface Ices and the Atmospheric Composition of Pluto". Science 261 (5122): 745–748. doi:10.1126/science.261.5122.745. 
  25. ^ Pluto. SolStation (2006). Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
  26. ^ B. Sicardy et al (2006). "Charon’s size and an upper limit on its atmosphere from a stellar occultation". Nature 439: 52. doi:10.1038/nature04351. 
  27. ^ Mumma, M.J.; Disanti, M.A., dello Russo, N., Fomenkova, M., Magee-Sauer, K., Kaminski, C.D., and D.X. Xie (1996). "Detection of Abundant Ethane and Methane, Along with Carbon Monoxide and Water, in Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake: Evidence for Interstellar Origin". Science 272: 1310. doi:10.1126/science.272.5266.1310. 
  28. ^ Stephen Battersby (2008-02-11). Organic molecules found on alien world for first time. Retrieved on 2008-02-12.
  29. ^ J. H. Lacy, J. S. Carr, N. J. Evans, II, F. Baas, J. M. Achtermann, J. F. Arens (1991). "Discovery of interstellar methane - Observations of gaseous and solid CH4 absorption toward young stars in molecular clouds". Astrophysical Journal 376: 556-560. doi:10.1086/170304. 

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External links

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v • d • e
Alkanes
Methane ( CH4 ) • Ethane ( C2H6 ) • Propane ( C3H8 ) • Butane ( C4H10 ) • Pentane ( C5H12 ) • Hexane ( C6H14 ) • Heptane ( C7H16 ) •Octane ( C8H18 ) • Nonane ( C9H20 ) • Decane ( C10H22 ) • Undecane ( C11H24 ) • Dodecane ( C12H26 )
List of alkanes



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