• Hamid Ghodse - International Narcotics Control Board president.
• Hal Lindsey - Author, former talkshow host, and prophecy scholar. Supports the use of THC pills but opposes the smoking of cannabis for medicinal purposes.
• John P. Walters - Current Director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy of United States.
• Mark Souder - U.S. Congressman who filed an amicus brief in support of the U.S. government in Gonzales v. Raich. The federal government may ban the use of marijuana even where states approve its use for medicinal purposes.
• Andrea Barthwell - Former deputy director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy under George W. Bush.
• Paul Clement - Current Solicitor General who argued on behalf of the federal government in Gonzales v. Raich.
• Dan Lungren - Former Attorney General of California who presided over crackdown of medical marijuana dispensaries.
• Rush Limbaugh - Nationally syndicated radio talk show host.^[57]
• Asa Hutchinson - Former Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration.^[58]
• Richard Carmona - Former U.S. Surgeon General.^[59]
• William Bennett - Former Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy.^[60]
• Mitt Romney Republican candidate in the 2008 United States presidential election.^[61]
• George H. W. Bush - 41st President of the United States.
• George W. Bush - President of the United States, 2001-Present.
• Eliot Spitzer - Former Governor of New York.
• Barry McCaffrey - Former Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy.^[62]
• Theodore Sophocleus - Democrat Maryland Delegate.^[63]
• Carol Lam - Former California United States Attorney.
• Bonnie Dumanis - Current District Attorney for San Diego County, California.^[64]
• Bill Clinton - 42nd President of the United States, 1993-2001.^{[citation needed]}
• Janet Reno - Former United States Attorney General.^[65]
• Donna Shalala - Former Secretary of Health and Human Services.
• Robert L. DuPont, M.D. - President Institute For Behavior and Health.

[

Further reading

• Official FDA Statement Regarding Claims of Smoked Marijuana as medicine
• Report on and index of marijuana medical studies by Todd Mikuriya, M.D.]
• Cannabis-In-Cachexia-Study-Group; Strasser F, Luftner D, Possinger K, Ernst G, Ruhstaller T, Meissner W, Ko YD, Schnelle M, Reif M, Cerny T: Comparison of orally administered cannabis extract and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in treating patients with cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from the Cannabis-In-Cachexia-Study-Group. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jul 20;24(21):3394-400.
  • Synthetic THC or low doses of cannabis extract administered orally for cancer-related cachexia (anorexia, weight-loss, emaciation) not better than placebo.
• Janet E. Joy, Stanley J. Watson, Jr., and John A Benson, Jr., "Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base", Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, Institute of Medicine (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999).
  • "The accumulated data indicate a potential therapeutic value for cannabinoid drugs, particularly for symptoms such as pain relief, control of nausea and vomiting, and appetite stimulation." and "At this point there are no convincing data to support (the concern that medical marijuana would lead to an increase in recreational use). The existing data are consistent with the idea that this would not be a problem if the medical use of marijuana were as closely regulated as other medications with abuse potential."
• Index of studies involving marijuana and multiple sclerosis
• Doblin et al., Marijuana as Antiemetic Medicine: A Survey of Oncologists' Experiences and Attitudes," Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 9, No. 7, July 1991.
• Khamsi, R: Cannabis compound benefits blood vessels. Nature, 4 Apr 2005 (premium content).
  • THC has been found to combat formation of arterial blockages. A random survey of oncologists found that 44% had illegally recommended marijuana for the control of vomiting and that 48% would do so if it were legal; 54% thought it should be available by prescription.
• Vinciguerra et al., Inhalation Marijuana as an Antiemetic for Cancer Chemotherapy," The New York State Journal of Medicine, pgs., 525-527, October 1988
  • 56 Patients who had achieved no success with other antiemetics; 72% found success — the study also concluded that smoked marijuana was more effective than oral THC pills.
• Chang et al., Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol as an Antiemetic in Cancer Patients Receiving High Dose Methotrexate; Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume 91, Number 6, pg. 819-824, December 1979
  • A double-blind controlled study found a 72% reduction in nausea and vomiting; the study also concluded that smoked marijuana was more effective than oral THC
• Foltin RW, Brady JV, Fischman MW: Behavioral analysis of marijuana effects on food intake in humans. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1986 Sep;25(3):577-82.; RW, Fischman MW, Byrne MF: Effects of smoked marijuana on food intake and body weight of humans living in a residential laboratory. Appetite. 1988 Aug;11(1):1-14.; and Greenberg I, Kuehnle J, Mendelson JH, Bernstein JG: Effects of marihuana use on body weight and caloric intake in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1976 Aug 26;49(1):79-84.
  • These three studies concluded that marijuana increases appetite.
• Sallan SE, Zinberg NE, Frei E 3rd: Antiemetic effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1975 Oct 16;293(16):795-7.
  • Study concluded that smoked marijuana was more beneficial than synthetic THC for some patients.
• Donald P. Tashkin, MD, "Effects of Smoked Marijuana on the Lung and Its Immune Defenses: Implications for Medicinal Use in HIV-Infected Patients"; Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, Vol. 1, No. 3/4, 2001, pp. 87-102
  • "Frequent marijuana use can cause airway injury, lung inflammation and impaired pulmonary defense against infection. The major potential pulmonary consequences of habitual marijuana use of particular relevance to patients with AIDS is superimposed pulmonary infection, which could be life threatening in the seriously immonocompromised patient. In view of the immonosuppressive effect of THC, the possibility that regular marijuana use could enhance progression of HIV infection itself needs to be considered, although this possibility remains unexplored to date."
• Guy A. Cabral, PhD, "Marijuana and Cannabinoids: Effects on Infections, Immunity, and AIDS"; Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, Vol. 1, No. 3/4, 2001, pp. 61-85
  • "However, few controlled longitudinal epidemiological and immunological studies have been undertaken to correlate the immunosuppressive effects of marijuana smoke or cannabinoids on the incidence of infections or viral disease in humans. Clearly, additional investigation to resolve the long-term immunological consequences of cannabinoid and marijuana use as they relate to resistance to infections in humans is warranted."
• Ekert H, Waters KD, Jurk IH, Mobilia J, Loughnan P: Amelioration of cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Med J Aust. 1979 Dec 15;2(12):657-9.
  • In children receiving cancer chemotherapy delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has an antinausea and antivomiting effect.
• Sallan SE, Cronin C, Zelen M, Zinberg NE: Antiemetics in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer: a randomized comparison of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and prochlorperazine. N Engl J Med. 1980 Jan 17;302(3):135-8.
  • THC seems to be an effective antiemetic in many patients who receive chemotherapy for cancer and for whom other antiemetics are ineffective.
• New Studies Destroy the Last Objection to Medical Marijuana

[

See also

• Patients Out of Time
• Health issues and the effects of cannabis
• Ed Rosenthal
• Tilden's Extract
• Sativex
• Victor Robinson
• Steve Kubby
• NORML
• California Cannabis Research Medical Group
• Cannabis Buyers Club
• Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies
• Proposition 215
• Legality of cannabis by country
• United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative

[

References

• Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961, International Narcotics Control Board.
• Dominik Wujastyk, "Cannabis in Traditional Indian Herbal Medicine" in Ana Salema (ed.), Ayurveda at the Crossroads of Care and Cure, Lisbon, Centro de História del Além-Mar, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2002, pp.45--73. ISBN 972-98672-5-9. Early pre-publication draft.

[

Notes

[

External links

• Medical cannabis at the Open Directory Project; links to pro-legalization sites
• Medical cannabis at the Open Directory Project; links to medical sites
• C.A.L.M. - Cannabis As Living Medicine
• Bibliography: Cannabis canadensis. Advances in the History of Psychology, York University
• Debate On California's Pot Shops from CBS news show 60 Minutes
• Waiting to Inhale - The first documentary to examine the movement to legalize cannabis for medical use
• Office of Medicinal Cannabis (Netherlands)
• http://www.phoenixtears.ca/list.html Cannabis oil as medicine
• http://www.cannabinoidsociety.org/ Research organization investigating cannabis therapeutics

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