Medal of Honor
Nineteen men have been awarded the Medal of Honor twice. Five of these men were awarded both the Army and Navy Medal of Honor for the same action.
| Name | Service | Rank | War | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frank Baldwin | Army | First Lieutenant, Captain | American Civil War, Indian Wars | |
| Smedley Butler | Marine Corps | Major | Vera Cruz, Haiti | |
| John Cooper | Navy | Coxswain | American Civil War | |
| Louis Cukela | Marine Corps | Sergeant | World War I | Both awarded for same action. |
| Thomas Custer | Army | Second Lieutenant | American Civil War | |
| Daniel Daly | Marine Corps | Private, Gunnery Sergeant | Boxer Rebellion, Haiti | |
| Henry Hogan | Army | First Sergeant | Indian Wars | |
| Ernest A. Janson | Marine Corps | Gunnery Sergeant | World War I | Both awarded for same action. Received the Army MOH under the name Charles F. Hoffman. |
| John J. Kelly | Marine Corps | Private | World War I | Both awarded for same action. |
| John King | Navy | Watertender | Peacetime | |
| Matej Kocak | Marine Corps | Sergeant | World War I | Both awarded for same action. |
| John Lafferty | Navy | Fireman, First Class Fireman | American Civil War, peacetime | |
| John C. McCloy | Navy | Coxswain, Chief Boatswain | Boxer Rebellion, Vera Cruz | |
| Patrick Mullen | Navy | Boatswain's Mate | Civil War | |
| John H. Pruitt | Marine Corps | Corporal | World War I | Both awarded for same action. |
| Robert Sweeney | Navy | Ordinary Seaman | Peacetime | |
| Albert Weisbogel | Navy | Captain | Peacetime | |
| Louis Williams | Navy | Captain | Peacetime | |
| William Wilson | Army | Sergeant | Indian Wars |
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Post-Vietnam
For actions occurring since the withdrawal of US forces from Vietnam in 1973, the Medal of Honor has been awarded seven times, all of them posthumously. The first two were earned by U.S. Army Special Forces Delta Force snipers Sergeant First Class Randy Shughart and Master Sergeant Gary Gordon, who defended downed Black Hawk helicopter pilot Chief Warrant Officer Michael Durant and his crew during the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993.[50] Two others were awarded during the Iraq War, to Army Sergeant First Class Paul Ray Smith and Marine Corps Corporal Jason Dunham. In 2005, a posthumous Medal of Honor was awarded to Sergeant First Class Smith for actions in Operation Iraqi Freedom; his medal was presented to his survivors. In April 2003, Smith organized the defense of a prisoner of war holding area which was attacked by a company-sized Iraqi force, personally manning a machine gun under enemy fire.[51] In 2007, President George W. Bush awarded Marine Corporal Dunham, of Scio, New York, the Medal of Honor posthumously for his bravery in Iraq during a combat mission during which he threw himself on a grenade to save his fellow Marines during an action near the Syrian border in April 2004.[52]
On October 22, 2007, President George W. Bush presented the award to the family of Navy SEAL Lieutenant Michael P. Murphy for his actions in Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom in 2005.
On March 3, 2008, President Bush presented the Medal of Honor posthumously to Master Sergeant Woodrow W. Keeble for his actions during the Korean War. His family had waged a long campaign for the medal after the recommendation was twice lost during the conflict. Master Sergeant Keeble, who passed away in 1982, was the first member of the Sioux Native American tribe to be awarded the medal.[53] This was the 49th belated Medal of Honor award since 1979.[54]
On April 8, 2008, President Bush presented the Medal of Honor to the parents of Navy MA2 Michael A. Monsoor (SEAL), who had jumped onto a live grenade thrown by a Sunni insurgent in order to save the lives of two fellow SEALs who, unlike him, had no route to escape the blast.[55]
On June 2, 2008, President Bush presented the Medal of Honor to the parents of Army PFC Ross McGinnis. McGinnis, a Humvee gunner patrolling Baghdad’s Adhamiyah district, shielded his fellow platoon members from a grenade blast in November 2006.[56]
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Similar decorations within the United States
The following United States decorations bear similar names to the Medal of Honor, but are separate awards with different criteria for issuance.
- Cardenas Medal of Honor: decoration of the Revenue Cutter Service, merged into the United States Coast Guard
- Chaplain's Medal of Honor: awarded posthumously for a single action to four recipients
- Congressional Gold Medal
- Congressional Space Medal of Honor: despite its name, not equal to the Medal of Honor
- Presidential Medal of Freedom: the highest civilian honor
Several United States law enforcement decorations also bear the name "Medal of Honor". The Public Safety Officer Medal of Valor, established by Congress in 2001, "the highest national award for valor by a public safety officer", is also awarded by the President.[57][58][59]
- The Grand Army of the Republic's medal can look similar to the Medal of Honor, particularly in photos or on gravestones See picture on website.
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See also
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References
- ^ a b c d e Department of the Army (2002-07-01). Section 578.4 Medal of Honor. Code of Federal Regulations Title 32, Volume 2. Government Printing Office. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ a b Congressional Medal of Honor Society. MOH Stats. Retrieved on 2006-07-24.
- ^ a b Office of the Law Revision Counsel. 18USC704(b). US Code Collection. Cornell Law School. Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
- ^ Legion of Merit. Awards. Institute of Heraldry. Retrieved on 2006-08-20.
- ^ (Boatner, Military Customs and Traditions. and Johnson, The Oxford Companion to American History.)
- ^ The Congressional Medal of Honor Society is so named because that is the name it was given in an act of Congress signed into law by President Eisenhower on August 5, 1958 as Title 36, Chapter 33 of the U.S. Code. (See The Congressional Medal of Honor Society's History. Official Site. Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved on 2006-10-01..) The law authorizing the society has since been transferred to Title 36, Chapter 405 of the U.S. Code.
- ^ U.S. Army Center of Military History. The Badge Of Military Merit/The Purple Heart. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ Foxfall Medals. Certificate of Merit. Retrieved on 2006-07-25.
- ^ a b Two Chief Engineers Were Medal of Honor Recipients?. Did You Know?. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved on 2006-07-29.
- ^ a b History of the Medal. Public Broadcasting System. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ The Medal. Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
- ^ MOH FAQ. Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved on 2006-07-25.
- ^ Douglas Albert Munro, USCG. US Coast Guard. Retrieved on 2006-07-25.
- ^ Double Recipients. Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved on 2006-07-25.
- ^ Designation of the Medal of Honor Flag. US Code.gov (23 Oct 2002). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ Special Forces veteran's idea leads to new Medal of Honor flag. Army News Service. Retrieved on 2006-07-24.
- ^ Medal of Honor Flag. The Institute of Heraldry. US Army. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
- ^ Cramer, Eric W. (29 March 2005). First Medal of Honor flag to be presented. Army News Service. US Army. Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
- ^ "Old Ironsides" Hosts Medal of Honor Recipients. Navy Newsstand. US Navy (2006). Retrieved on 2006-10-01.
- ^ a b Sterner, C. Douglas (2004). The Purge of 1917. homeofheroes.com. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ The Medal's History. Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved on 2006-10-18.
- ^ Floyd Bennett. Arlington National Cemetery. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ Medal of Honor Recipients, Interim Awards 1920–1940. Center for Military History. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ Tillman, Barrett (2003). Above and Beyond: The Aviation Medals of Honor. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 3.
- ^ Types of the Medal of Honor: 1862 To Present. Navy Medal of Honor (1913). Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ a b Medal of Honor Statistics. Center for Military History. US Army (May 2003). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ USS Liberty. National Security Agency, Central Security Service (July 2003). Retrieved on 23 Jul 2006. audio and transcripts
- ^ USS Liberty. Naval Historical Center. Retrieved on 2006-07-23. audio and transcripts
- ^ a b WWII African American MOH recipients. Center for Military History. US Army. Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
- ^ a b 22 Asian-Pacific Americans Receive Medals of Honor. Center for Military History. US Army (21 June 2000). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ Sec. 3741. Medal of honor: award. Washington Watchdog (Jan 26, 1998). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ Medal of Honor Recipients. Tricare. Retrieved on 2006-07-24.
- ^ Navy & Marine Corps Awards and Decorations: Medal of Honor. usmilitary.about.com. Retrieved on 24 Jul 2006.
- ^ Special Benefits and Allowances Table. Dept. of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved on 2006-07-24.
- ^ Ribbon and Rosette. homeofheroes.com. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ Army Uniform Regulations AR 670-1 3 Feb 2005 Section 30-5 and 30-6 p.339. Department of the Army. Retrieved on 2006-07-24.
- ^ S. 1998: Stolen Valor Act of 2005. 109th U.S. Congress (2005–2006). GovTrak.us. Retrieved on 2007-03-08.
- ^ Chozick, Amy. Veterans' Web Sites Expose Pseudo Heroes, Phony Honors. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
- ^ Company fined for selling fake Medals of Honor. US News. CNN (4 Dec 1996). Retrieved on 2006-07-21.
- ^ Florida Man wears medal without Honor. US News. CNN (4 Dec 1996). Retrieved on 2006-09-30.
- ^ Defendants Charged With Conspiracy to Sell Several Congressional Medals of Honor. Federal Bureau of Investigation (July 9, 2003). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ Associated Press (2003-07-09). Man Charged With Selling Medals of Honor. WHEC-TV 10 Rochester, NY. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ Honoring Our Veterans. Federal Bureau of Investigation (May 28, 2004). Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ The Congressional Medal of Honor Society's History. Official Site. Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved on 2006-10-01.
- ^ Marines Awarded the Medal of Honor. US Marine Corps. Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
- ^ Mary Edwards Walker. Women in History. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ Canada honours winners of top U.S. medal. CBC News (1 Jul 2005). Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
- ^ Thousands of Canadians, including a Medal of Honor winner, served with the U.S. military in Vietnam. Veterans With a Mission. Retrieved on 2006-07-20.
- ^ Medal of Honor Recipients: Somalia. Center for Military History. US Army. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ Medal of Honor Recipients: Iraq. Center for Military History. Retrieved on 2006-11-10.
- ^ Bush Awards Fallen Marine Medal of Honor. SFGate.com (2007). Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
- ^ Korean War Hero Receives Posthumous Medal of Honor March 3, 2008
- ^ Medal of Honor recipients 1979-2007. Julissa Gomez-Granger, Congressional Research Service Report for Congress
- ^ Perry, Tony, "Sailor Killed In Iraq Awarded Medal Of Honor", Los Angeles Times, April 1, 2008, Pg. 1.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Office of Justice Programs: Medal of Valor. U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ Harry S. Truman (July 6, 1945). Executive Order No. 9586. The Presidential Medal of Freedom. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
- ^ John F. Kennedy (February 22, 1963). Executive Order 11085. The Presidential Medal of Freedom. Retrieved on 2006-07-23.
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External links
- Official Society of Medal of Honor Recipients
- U.S. Army Center for Military History
- U.S. Army Medal of Honor Recipients - History and Heritage
- U.S. Army Human Resources Command. Medal of Honor designs
- National Medal of Honor Museum of Military History in Chattanooga, Tennessee
- Pritzker Military Library. Podcasts from the Medal of Honor series.
- American Valor PBS/WETA.
- History, Legend and Myth: Hollywood and the Medal of Honor (Medal of Honor recipients depicted on Film).
- Stealing the General: The Great Locomotive Chase and the First Medal of Honor by Russell S. Bonds
- U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry: Medal of Honor
- US Navy, Marine and Coast Guard recipients of the Medal of Honor in World War 2, a British perspective
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