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Manchester



Canal Street, one of Manchester's liveliest nightspots, part of the city's gay village
Canal Street, one of Manchester's liveliest nightspots, part of the city's gay village

The night-time economy of Manchester has expanded significantly since about 1993, with investment from breweries in bars, public houses and clubs, along with active support from the local authorities.[111] The more than 500 licensed premises[112] in the city centre have a capacity to deal with over 250,000 visitors,[113] with 110–130,000 people visiting on a typical weekend night.[112] The night-time economy has a value of about £100 million pa[114] and supports 12,000 jobs.[112]

The Madchester scene of the 1980s, from which groups including The Stone Roses, the Happy Mondays, Inspiral Carpets, 808 State, James and The Charlatans emerged, was based around clubs such as The Hacienda.[115] The period was the subject of the movie 24 Hour Party People. Many of the big clubs suffered problems with organised crime at that time; Haslam describes one where staff were so completely intimidated that free admission and drinks were demanded (and given) and drugs were openly dealt.[115] Following a series of drug-related violent incidents, The Hacienda closed in 1997.[111] Public houses in the Canal Street area have had a gay clientele since at least 1940[111] and now form the centre of Manchester's gay community. Following the council's investment in infrastructure, the UK's first gay supermarket was opened; since the opening of new bars and clubs the area attracts 20,000 visitors each weekend[111] and has hosted a popular festival each August since 1991.[116] The TV series Queer as Folk is set in the area.

Education

See also: List of schools in Greater Manchester
The entrance to Whitworth Hall, part of the University of Manchester campus
The entrance to Whitworth Hall, part of the University of Manchester campus

There are two universities in Manchester. The University of Manchester is the largest full-time non-collegiate university in the United Kingdom and was created in 2004 by the merger of Victoria University of Manchester and UMIST.[117] It includes the Manchester Business School, which offered the first MBA course in the UK in 1965. Manchester Metropolitan University was formed as Manchester Polytechnic on the merger of three colleges in 1970. It gained university status in 1992, and in the same year absorbed Crewe and Alsager College of Higher Education in South Cheshire.[118]

The University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University and the Royal Northern College of Music are grouped around Oxford Road on the southern side of the city centre, which forms Europe's largest urban higher education precinct.[119] Together they have a combined population of 73,160 students in higher education,[120] though almost 6,000 of these were based at Manchester Metropolitan University's campuses at Crewe and Alsager in Cheshire.[121]

One of Manchester's most notable secondary schools is the Manchester Grammar School. Established in 1515,[122] as a free grammar school next to what is now the Cathedral, it moved in 1931 to Old Hall Lane in Fallowfield, south Manchester, to accommodate the growing student body. In the post-war period, it was a direct-grant grammar school (i.e. partially state funded), but it reverted to independent status in 1976 after abolition of the direct-grant system.[123] Its previous premises are now used by Chetham's School of Music. There are two schools nearby: Withington Girls' School and Manchester High School for Girls.

Sport

Main article: Sports in Manchester
The City of Manchester Stadium, used for the 2002 Commonwealth Games
The City of Manchester Stadium, used for the 2002 Commonwealth Games

Manchester is well-known for being a city of sport. Two Premiership football clubs bear the city's name, Manchester City and Manchester United. Manchester City's ground is at the City of Manchester Stadium (48,000 capacity); Manchester United's Old Trafford ground, the largest club football ground in the United Kingdom, with a capacity of 76,000, and England's only UEFA-rated 5-star stadium, is just outside the city, in the borough of Trafford. Lancashire County Cricket Club's ground is also in Trafford.[124]

The City of Manchester Stadium was built for the 2002 Commonwealth Games. After the games, one of the stands was replaced in preparation for Manchester City's arrival in 2003. The stadium holds 48,000 fans all-seated, and is one of the largest football stadiums in England. It has hosted the 2008 UEFA Cup Final. Old Trafford is the only club football ground in England to have hosted the UEFA Champions League Final, in 2003. It is also the venue of the Super League Grand Final in Rugby League.

First class sporting facilities were built for the 2002 Commonwealth Games, including the City of Manchester Stadium, the National Squash Centre and the Manchester Aquatics Centre.[125] Manchester has competed twice to host the Olympic Games, beaten by Atlanta for 1996 and Sydney for 2000. The Manchester Velodrome was built as a part of the bid for the 2000 games.[111] It hosted the UCI Track Cycling World Championships for the third time in 2008. Various sporting arenas around the city will be used as training facilities by athletes preparing for the 2012 Olympics in London. The MEN Arena hosted the FINA World Swimming Championships in 2008.[126] Manchester will also host the World Squash Championships in 2008.[127]

Media

See also: List of television shows set in Manchester and Films set in Manchester
The headquarters of Granada Television
The headquarters of Granada Television
The headquarters of the Manchester Evening News, located in the Spinningfields district.
The headquarters of the Manchester Evening News, located in the Spinningfields district.

ITV franchisee Granada Television has its headquarters in Quay Street, in the Castlefield area of the city.[128] Granada produces the world's oldest and most watched television soap opera, Coronation Street,[129] which is screened five times a week on ITV1. Local news and programmes for the north-west region are produced in Manchester.

Manchester is one of the three main BBC bases in England,[128] alongside London and Bristol. Programmes including A Question of Sport, Mastermind,[130] and Real Story,[131] are made at New Broadcasting House on Oxford Road, just south of the city centre. The hit series Cutting It was set in the city's Northern Quarter and ran on BBC1 for five series. Life on Mars was set in 1973 Manchester. Also, The Street, winner of a BAFTA and International Emmy Award in 2007 is set in Manchester.[132] The first edition of Top of the Pops was broadcast from a converted church in Longsight on New Year's Day 1964.[133] Manchester is also the regional base for the BBC One North West Region so programmes like North West Tonight are produced here.[134] The BBC intends to relocate large numbers of staff and facilities from London to Media City at Salford Quays. The Children's (CBBC), Comedy, Sport (BBC Sport) and New Media departments are all scheduled to move before 2010.[135] Manchester has its own television channel, Channel M, owned by the Guardian Media Group and operated since 2000.[128] The station produces almost all content including local news locally and is available nationally on the BSkyB television platform. Television characters from Manchester include Daphne Moon (played by Jane Leeves), of Frasier, Charlie Pace (played by Dominic Monaghan) of Lost, Naomi Dorrit (Lost) and Nessa Holt (Las Vegas), both played by local actress Marsha Thomason.

The city has the highest number of local radio stations outside London including BBC Radio Manchester, Key 103, Galaxy, Piccadilly Magic 1152, 105.4 Century FM, 100.4 Smooth FM, Capital Gold 1458, 96.2 The Revolution and Xfm.[136][137] Radio Manchester returned to its former title in 2006 after becoming BBC GMR in 1988.[138] Student radio stations include Fuse FM at the University of Manchester and MMU Radio at the Manchester Metropolitan University.[139] A community radio network is coordinated by Radio Regen, with stations covering the South Manchester communities of Ardwick, Longsight and Levenshulme (All FM 96.9) and Wythenshawe (Wythenshawe FM 97.2).[137] Defunct radio stations include Sunset (which became) Kiss 102 (now Galaxy), and KFM which became Signal Cheshire (now Imagine FM). These stations, as well as pirate radio, played a significant role in the city's House music culture, also known as the Madchester scene, which was based around clubs like The Haçienda which had its own show on Kiss 102. Radio producer and author Karl Pilkington, of The Ricky Gervais Show fame, is from Manchester.

Manchester is also featured in several Hollywood films such as My Son, My Son! (1940), directed by Charles Vidor and starring Brian Aherne and Louis Hayward. Also Grand Hotel (1932), in which Wallace Beery often shouts "Manchester!". Others include Velvet Goldmine starring Ewan McGregor, and Sir Alec Guinness's The Man in the White Suit. More recently, the entire city of Manchester is engulfed in runaway fires in the 2002 film 28 Days Later. The city is also home to the Manchester International Film Festival[140] and has held the Commonwealth film festival.

The Guardian newspaper was founded in Manchester in 1821 as The Manchester Guardian. Its head office is still in Manchester, though many of its management functions were moved to London in 1964.[17] Its sister publication, the Manchester Evening News, has the largest circulation of a UK regional evening newspaper. It is free in the city centre, but paid for in the suburbs. Despite its title, it is available all day.[141] The Metro North West is available free at Metrolink stops, rail stations and other busy locations. The MEN group distributes several local weekly free papers.[142] For many years most of the national newspapers had offices in Manchester: The Daily Telegraph, Daily Express, Daily Mail, The Daily Mirror, The Sun. Only The Daily Sport remains based in Manchester. At its height, 1,500 journalists were employed, though in the 1980s office closures began and today the "second Fleet Street" is no more.[143] An attempt to launch a Northern daily newspaper, the North West Times, employing journalists made redundant by other titles, closed in 1988.[144] Another attempt was made with the North West Enquirer, which hoped to provide a true "regional" newspaper for the North West, much in the same vein as the Yorkshire Post does for Yorkshire or The Northern Echo does for the North East; it folded in October 2006.[144] There are several local lifestyle magazines, including YQ Magazine and Moving Manchester.[145]

Twin cities and consulates

Manchester has formal twinning arrangements (or "friendship agreements") with several places.[146][147] In addition, the British Council maintains a metropolitan centre in Manchester.[148] Although not an official twin city, Tampere, Finland is known as "the Manchester of Finland" – or "Manse" for short.

Country Place County / District / Region / State Date
Flag of Nicaragua Nicaragua Bilwi Puerto Cabezas
Flag of Germany Germany Chemnitz[149] Saxony 1983
Flag of Spain Spain Córdoba Córdoba
Flag of Israel Israel Rehovot Center District
Flag of Russia Russia Saint Petersburg Northwestern Federal District 1962
Flag of the People's Republic of China China Wuhan Hubei 1986
Flag of Pakistan Pakistan Faisalabad Punjab 1997

Manchester is home to the largest group of consuls in the UK outside London. The expansion of international trade links during the industrial revolution led to the introduction of the first consuls in the 1820s and since then over 800, from all parts of the world, have been based in Manchester. Manchester has remained (in consular terms at least) the second city of the UK for two centuries, and hosts consular services for most of the north of England. The reduction in the amount of local paperwork required for modern international trade is partly offset by the increased number of international travellers. Many pass through Manchester Airport, easily the UK’s biggest and busiest airport outside the London area.[150]

  • Flag of Australia Australian Honorary Consul[151]
  • Flag of Bangladesh Assistant High Commissioner for Bangladesh
  • Flag of the People's Republic of China Consulate General of the Peoples Republic of China
  • Flag of Cyprus High Commission for Cyprus
  • Flag of Denmark Trade Commission of Denmark
  • Flag of France Consulate of France
  • Flag of Italy Consulate of Italy
  • Flag of the Netherlands Consulate of the Netherlands
  • Flag of Norway Royal Norwegian Consulate
  • Flag of Pakistan Consulate General of Pakistan
  • Flag of Portugal Consulate General of Portugal
  • Flag of Spain Consulate General of Spain
  • Flag of Sweden Consulate of Sweden
  • Flag of Switzerland Consulate of Switzerland

See also

North West England Portal

Further reading

  • Architecture
    • Hands, David; Sarah Parker (2000). Manchester: A Guide to Recent Architecture. London: Ellipsis Arts. ISBN 1-899858-77-6. 
    • Hartwell, Clare (2001). Manchester, Pevsner Architectural Guides. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071131-7. 
    • Hartwell, Clare; Matthew Hyde, Nikolaus Pevsner (2004). Lancashire: Manchester and the South-East, The Buildings of England. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10583-5. 
    • Parkinson-Bailey, John J (2000). Manchester: an Architectural History. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-5606-3. 
    • Robinson, John Martin (1986). The Architecture of Northern England. Macmillan London Ltd. ISBN 0-333-37396-0. 
  • General
    • Beesley, Ian (1988). Victorian Manchester and Salford. Keele: Ryburn. ISBN 1-85331-006-9. 
    • Hylton, Stuart (2003). A History of Manchester. Chichester: Phillimore & Company. ISBN 1-86077-240-4. 
    • Kidd, Alan J (1993). Manchester, Town and City Histories. Keele: Ryburn. ISBN 1-85331-016-6. 
    • Price, Jane; Ben Stebbing (editors) (2002). The Mancunian Way. Manchester: Clinamen Press Ltd. ISBN 1-903083-81-8. 
    • Redhead, Brian (1993). Manchester: a Celebration. London: Andre Deutsch Ltd. ISBN 0-233-98816-5. 
    • Schofield, Jonathan (2005). The City Life Guide to Manchester. Manchester: City Life. ISBN 0-9549042-2-2. 
  • Culture
    • Champion, Sarah (1990). And God Created Manchester. Manchester: Wordsmith. ISBN 1-873205-01-5. 
    • Gatenby, Phill (2002). Morrissey's Manchester: The Essential "Smiths" Tour. Empire Publications. ISBN 1-901746-28-3. 
    • Haslam, Dave (2000). Manchester, England. New York: Fourth Estate. ISBN 1-84115-146-7. 
    • Lee, C P (2002). Shake, Rattle and Rain – Popular Music Making in Manchester 1955–1995. Hardinge Simpole. ISBN 1-84382-049-8. 
    • Lee, C P (2004). Like The Night (Revisited): Bob Dylan and the Road to the Manchester Free Trade Hall. London: Helter Skelter Publishing. ISBN 1-900924-33-1. 
    • Savage, John (editor) (1992). The Hacienda Must Be Built. International Music Publications. ISBN 0-86359-857-9. 

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