Finance          Automotive          Computers          Health          Shopping          Sports         News          Reference           Print Facts in English - BCUZ.COMlos hechos en Español

London



The M25 London orbital
The M25 London orbital

Although the majority of journeys involving central London are made by public transport, travel in outer London is car-dominated. The inner ring road (around the city centre), the North and South Circular roads (in the suburbs), and the outer orbital motorway (the M25, outside the built-up area) encircle the city and are intersected by a number of busy radial routes—but very few motorways penetrate into inner London. A plan for a comprehensive network of motorways throughout the city (the Ringways Plan) was prepared in the 1960s but was mostly cancelled in the early 1970s.[224] In 2003, a congestion charge was introduced to reduce traffic volumes in the city centre. With a few exceptions, motorists are required to pay £8 per day to drive within a defined zone encompassing much of congested central London.[225][226] Motorists who are residents of the defined zone can buy a vastly reduced season pass which is renewed monthly and is cheaper than a corresponding bus fare.[227]

London also has two central Park & Ride sites for the convenience of shoppers on Oxford Street and Bond Street, Westminster City Council car parks run a courtesy bus service from its Park Lane and Marble Arch car parks.

[

Education

Main article: Education in London
Royal Holloway, as a part of the University of London, a federation of London higher education institutions.
Royal Holloway, as a part of the University of London, a federation of London higher education institutions.
Senate House, the headquarters of the federal University of London
Senate House, the headquarters of the federal University of London

Home to a range of universities, colleges and schools, London has a student population of about 378,000.[228] and is a centre of research and development. Most primary and secondary schools in London follow the same system as the rest of England.

With 125,000 students, the University of London is the largest contact teaching university in the United Kingdom and in Europe.[229] It comprises 20 colleges as well as several smaller institutes, each with a high degree of autonomy. Constituent colleges have their own admissions procedures, and are effectively universities in their own right, although most degrees are awarded by the University of London rather than the individual colleges. Its constituents include multi-disciplinary colleges such as UCL,[230] King's[231] and Royal Holloway[232] and more specialised institutions such as the London School of Economics,[233] SOAS,[234] the Royal Academy of Music[235] and the Institute of Education.[236]

Imperial College London and University College London have been ranked among the top ten universities in the world by The Times Higher Education Supplement: in 2007 Imperial was ranked the 5th best and UCL the 9th best university in the world.[237]

In addition, the LSE is considered the world‘s leading social science institution for teaching and research, plus has the most international student body of any university in the world today.[238]

London's other universities, such as Brunel University, City University, London Metropolitan University, Imperial College London, Middlesex University, University of East London, the University of Westminster and London South Bank University are not part of the University of London but still leaders in their field and popular choices among students both nationally and internationally. Some were polytechnics until these were granted university status in 1992, and others which were founded much earlier. Imperial College London left the University of London in 2007. London is also known globally for its business education, with the London Business School (ranked 1st in Europe - Business Week)[239][240] and Cass Business School (Europe's largest finance school) both being top world-rated business schools.[241] In addition there are three international universities: Schiller International University, Richmond University and Regent's College.

London is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions which are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The Natural History Museum (biology and geology), Science Museum and Victoria and Albert Museum (fashion and design) are clustered in South Kensington's "museum quarter", while the British Museum houses historic artefacts from around the world.[242] The British Library at St Pancras is the UK's national library, housing 150 million items. The city also houses extensive art collections, primarily in the National Gallery,[243] Tate Britain[244] and Tate Modern.[245] See the list of museums in London.

[

Sister cities

Main article: List of twin towns in the United Kingdom#London

As well as London's twinning, the Boroughs of London have twinnings with parts of other cities across the world. Shown below is the list of cities that the Greater London Authority is twinned with.

[

See also

[

References

  1. ^ London, United Kingdom Forecast : Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport) (online). The Weather Underground, Inc.. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  2. ^ a b c T 08: Selected age groups for local authorities in the United Kingdom; estimated resident population; Mid-2006 Population Estimates (XLS). Office for National Statistics (August 22, 2007). Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  3. ^ a b c KS01 Usual resident population: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas. www.statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  4. ^ a b World Gazetteer. World: metropolitan areas. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  5. ^ a b London Metropolitan Area population. Demographia (August 28, 2007). Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  6. ^ Neighbourhood Statistics. Neighbourhood Statistics. Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
  7. ^ The world’s largest cities and urban areas in 2006. City Mayors.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  8. ^ Roman. The Museum of London. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  9. ^ English Renaissance. East West Dialogue. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  10. ^ Gothic Revival. Ontario Architecture. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  11. ^ Mills, A., Dictionary of London Place Names, (2001)
  12. ^ a b Fact Files: London Government Offices for the English Regions. Government Office for London. Retrieved on 2008-05-04.
  13. ^ Elcock, Howard (1994). Local Government: Policy and Management in Local Authorities. Routledge, 368. ISBN 0415101670. 
  14. ^ Jones, Bill; Dennis Kavanagh, Michael Moran, Philip Norton (2007). Politics UK. Pearson Education, 868. ISBN 1405824115. 
  15. ^ Z/Yen Limited (November 2005). The Competitive Position of London as a Global Financial Centre (PDF). CityOfLondon. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  16. ^
  17. ^ Lists: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. World Heritage. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  18. ^ Very British Career Fair - Visit Overseas. Y-axis Overseas Careers. Archived from the original on 2007-01-23. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  19. ^ Languages spoken in the UK population.. CILT. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  20. ^ Geoffry of Monmouth Index. Sacred Texts. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  21. ^ Llud, King of the Britons. Gatekeep Key. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  22. ^ Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper. Retrieved on 2008-05-04.
  23. ^ a b Legend of London's Origin. Cultural Heritage Resources. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  24. ^ Coates, Richard (1998). "A new explanation of the name of London". Transactions of the Philological Society 96 (2): 203–229. doi:10.1111/1467-968X.00027. 
  25. ^ Early History of London. LondonNet. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  26. ^ British History Timeline - Roman Britain. British Boradcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  27. ^ a b c Historical Overview of London Population.. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  28. ^ The early years of Lundenwic. The Museum of London. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  29. ^ Viking and Danish London. The Museum of London. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  30. ^ Medievil London - Vikings. The Museum of London. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n History and general information. Retrieved on 2007-08-17.
  32. ^ BBC - History - 1066 - King William. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-05-05.
  33. ^ Tinniswood, Adrian. A History of British Architecture - White Tower. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-05-05.
  34. ^ UK Parliament - Parliament: The building. UK Parliament (09/11/2007). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  35. ^ Palace of Westminster. UK Parliament. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  36. ^ Winchester - About. About, Inc. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  37. ^ Britannia History: Peasants' Revolt. Jeff Hobbs. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  38. ^ First and Second Barons' Wars. Emerson Kent. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  39. ^ Defeat of the Spanish Armada. Think Quest. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  40. ^ The Spanish Armada. Heather Thomas. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  41. ^ a b The Great Plague 1655 - the Black Death. E.P.C. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  42. ^ The Great Fire of London, 1666. Anniina Jokinen (April 30, 2007). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  43. ^ Pepys S, The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Random House Modern Library Edition, 2001.
  44. ^ Schofield J (January 2001). London After the Great Fire: Civil War and Revolution. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  45. ^ Museum of London - Rebuilding after the fire. Museum of London. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  46. ^ The Rebuilding of London After the Great Fire. Thomas Fiddian. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  47. ^ Largest Cities Through History. About.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  48. ^ London's Railways. Spartacus. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  49. ^ London and Greenwich Railway. Toby and John King. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  50. ^ a b c Transport for London. London Underground: History. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  51. ^ Rise of modern london (December 2006). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  52. ^ Air Raid Precautions. "Home Front" Website. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  53. ^ The German churches in London. German Embassy London. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  54. ^ Civic Heraldry of the United Kingdom. Ralf Hartemink (1996). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  55. ^ A Nation of Immigrants?. CIVITAS. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  56. ^ Helbing, Mr Tim. The Notting Hill Riots and British National Identity. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  57. ^ London in the European financial services industry: locational advantage and product complementarities. Oxford Journals. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  58. ^ Provisional Irish Republican Army (U.K., separatists). Council on Foreign Relations (November 2005). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  59. ^ BBC News - London Attacks. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  60. ^ Parliament. Artefaqs Corporation. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  61. ^ 10 Downing Street - Official Website. 10 Downing Street. Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  62. ^ UK Politics: Talking Politics—The 'Mother of Parliaments'. British Broadcasting Corporation (1998-06-03). Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  63. ^ History and general information. Gateways Moving. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  64. ^ Beavan, C. & Bickersteth, H., Reports of Cases in Chancery, Argued and Determined in the Rolls Court, (1865)
  65. ^ BBC - London - Features - Where is the Centre of London?. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  66. ^ Dilys, M Hill (2000). Urban Policy and Politics in Britain. St. Martin's Press, 268. ISBN 0312227450. 
  67. ^ London in its Regional Setting (PDF). London Assembly. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  68. ^ Stationery Office (1980). The Inner London Letter Post. H.M.S.O, 128. ISBN 0102515808. 
  69. ^ Greater London Area and Post Codes. UK Web Start. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  70. ^ Mail, Royal (2004). Address Management Guide. Royal Mail. 
  71. ^ The Essex, Greater London and Hertfordshire (County and London Borough Boundaries) Order. OPSI (1993). Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  72. ^ London Government Act 1963. Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  73. ^ Greater London Authority Act 1999. OPSI. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  74. ^ Trafalgar Square History. Greater London Authority. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  75. ^ Trafalgar Square - Greater London Authority. London Government. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  76. ^ Lieutenancies Act 1997. OPSI. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  77. ^ Barlow, I. M. (1991). Metropolitan Government. Routledge, 346. ISBN Routledge. 
  78. ^ London in Photos. The World In Photos. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  79. ^ Schofield, John (June 1999). "British Archaeology Issue 45, June 1999" (45). British Archaeology. ISSN 1357-4442. 
  80. ^ (1994) Collins English Dictionary. Collins Eduction plc. 
  81. ^ Oxford English Reference Dictionary. Oxford English. 
  82. ^ HC 501 0304.PDF (PDF). Parliament Publications. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  83. ^ 'England' (1994) Collins English Dictionary. Collins Eduction plc. 
  84. ^ London, England - UK capital city. great-britain.co.uk. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  85. ^ World's Largest Urban Areas. City Mayor. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  86. ^ River Thames London. Woodlands Junior School. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  87. ^ London Borough Tops. Hill Bagging. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  88. ^ London: A History, by Francis Sheppard page 10.. Google Books. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  89. ^ London - Geography and climate: Encyclopedia II. The Global Oneness Commitment. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  90. ^ "Flooding" - UK Environment Agency. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  91. ^ "Sea Levels" - UK Environment Agency. Environment Agency. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  92. ^ Thames Barrier. Melissa Soh and Pei-Chea Tran. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  93. ^ BBC News: On the rise: The Thames in 2100. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  94. ^ a b August 2003 - hot spell. UK Met Office. Retrieved on 2007-02-21.
  95. ^ Hardiness Zone Map for the U.K. & Ireland. Shane Kelley/Kelley Graphics. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  96. ^ London Place Names. KryssTal. Retrieved on 2008-05-05.
  97. ^ The 32 London Boroughs. London Online. Retrieved on 2008-05-05.
  98. ^ London as a financial centre. Mayor of London. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  99. ^ a b London: Centre of International Finance.. University of Florida. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  100. ^ What is the City of London?. City of London Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  101. ^ London Areas. Areas Of London. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  102. ^ West End still drawing crowds. BBC. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  103. ^ Guardian Unlimited Money.. The Guardian Money. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  104. ^ Price of Properties.. Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  105. ^ a b Tomorrow’s East End. News Week. Retrieved on 2007-08-16.
  106. ^ South-east England Population by Area from 1891. Demographia. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  107. ^ Population density of London: by London borough, 2006. UK Statistics Authority. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  108. ^ Forbes Magazine list of billionaires.. Forbes. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  109. ^ CNN Money World's Most Expensive Cities 2004.. CNN. Retrieved on 2007-08-16.
  110. ^ Lead View Table. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  111. ^ BBC - London - Faith - Brazilian London. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  112. ^ London: Every race, colour, nation and religion on earth. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
  113. ^ One Third of Londoners born outside Britain. This is London. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  114. ^ "Census 2001: London", Office for National Statistics. Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
  115. ^ Greater London Authority - Summary of 'Country-of-Birth' in London. Greater London Authority. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  116. ^ Sarah Kyambi, Beyond Black and White: Mapping new immigrant communities, London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 7 September 2005. Retrieved on 2007-01-20.
  117. ^ Graeme Paton (2007-10-01). One fifth of children from ethnic minorities. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  118. ^ What the maps don't show. Guardian News and Media Limited 2008. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  119. ^ About Saint Paul's Cathedral. Dean and Chapter St Paul's. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  120. ^ Lambeth Palace Library. Lambeth Palace Library. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  121. ^ Westminster Abbey. Dean and Chapter of Westminster. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  122. ^ West Minster Cathedral. Westminster Cathedral. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  123. ^ "Thousands of churches face closure in ten years’", Times Online, 2007-02-10. Retrieved on 2008-06-07. 
  124. ^ Church of England Statistics. Church of England. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  125. ^ London Central Mosque Trust Ltd. London Central Mosque Trust Ltd. & The Islamic Cultural Centre. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  126. ^ "Hindu London", BBC, 6 June 2005. Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
  127. ^ "£17 m Sikh temple opens", British Broadcasting Corporation, 2003-03-30. Retrieved on 2008-06-07. 
  128. ^ "Jewish Communities in London", British Broadcasting Corporation, 1 March 2006. Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
  129. ^ Sassen, Saskia (2001). The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, 2nd edition, Princeton University Press. 
  130. ^ PriceWaterhouseCoopers, "UK Economic Outlook, March 2007", page 5. "Table 1.2 – Top 30 urban agglomeration GDP rankings in 2005 and illustrative projections to 2020 (using UN definitions and population estimates)" (PDF). Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  131. ^ London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06. City of London. Retrieved on 2008-03-11.
  132. ^ See: List of metropolitan areas in the European Union by GRP
  133. ^ "The Economic Positioning of Metropolitan Areas in North Western Europe", The Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris Ile-de-France Region, December 2002.
  134. ^ a b c d "London's Place in the UK Economy, 2006–07", A report by Oxford Economic Forecasting for the City of London, November 2006
  135. ^ Greater London Authority.. Greater London Authority. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  136. ^ a b c d Where next for London manufacturing?. EEF. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  137. ^ Big 4 Audit London All Levels!. Jobs.Finanztreff. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  138. ^ Clark, Andrew. "Mayor gives New York a wake-up call", Guardian Unlimited, 23 January 2007. Retrieved on 2008-06-06. 
  139. ^ New York Isn’t the World’s Undisputed Financial Capital - New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
  140. ^ "Triennial Central Bank SurveyPDF (259 KiB)", Bank for International Settlements, March 2005. Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
  141. ^ "Key facts", Corporation of London. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  142. ^ London Stock Exchange. London Stock Exchange plc. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  143. ^ "London's Place in the UK Economy, 2005–6"PDF (960 KiB), p19, Oxford Economic Forecasting on behalf of the Corporation of London. Published November 2005. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  144. ^ Canary Wharf Group. Canary Wharf Group plc. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  145. ^ Soho London. View London Ltd. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  146. ^ "London is the HR centre of opportunity in the UK", PersonnelToday.com, 15 February 2005. Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
  147. ^ "The Importance of Tourism in London. Archived from the original on 2007-06-28.", Visit London. Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
  148. ^ "London 101: One Hundred and One Amazing Facts About London. Archived from the original on 2007-06-28.PDF (1.15 MiB)", Visit London. Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
  149. ^ "Trade Statistics", Port of London Authority, Annual Report and Accounts 2005. Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
  150. ^ a b London: architecture.. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  151. ^ National Gallery: Trafalgar Square. Artefaqs Corporation. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  152. ^ Battersea Power Station. Artefaqs Corporation. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  153. ^ Paddington Station.. Great Buildings. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  154. ^ 30 Saint Mary Axe. Artefaqs Corporation. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  155. ^ Tower 42 - London Architecture. Artefaqs Corporation. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  156. ^ 1 Canada Square. Artefaqs Corporation. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  157. ^ Inside London's new 'glass egg'. British Broadcasting Corporation (Tuesday, 16 July 2002). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  158. ^ The British Library. Artefaqs Corporation. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  159. ^ The British Museum. Artefaqs Corporation. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  160. ^ Millennium Dome. Artefaqs Corporation. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  161. ^ London - Full Summary of Projects. Will Fox, SkyscraperCity.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  162. ^ Shard London Bridge - Official Website. Shard London Bridge. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  163. ^ The Bishopsgate Tower. Skyscrapernews.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  164. ^ The Monument: Cannon Street. Artefaqs Corporation. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  165. ^ Royal Albert Hall: Kensington Gore. Artefaqs Corporation. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  166. ^ Nelson's Column, Trafalgar Square. Artefaqs Corporation. (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  167. ^ Kensington Gardens. The Royal Parks (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  168. ^ Madame Tussauds - Official Website. Madame Tussauds. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  169. ^ Madame Tussauds - Tourist Information. Tourist Information UK. Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  170. ^ Green Park. The Royal Parks (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  171. ^ Greenwich Park. The Royal Parks (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  172. ^ Bushy Park. The Royal Parks (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  173. ^ Richmond Park. The Royal Parks (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  174. ^ LondonTown - Victoria Park. LondonTown.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  175. ^ LondonTown - Primrose Hill. LondonTown.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  176. ^ Primrose Hill - Official Website. Technology News Ltd. Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  177. ^ Hampstead Heath - City Of London. David Bentley (24 April 2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  178. ^ Kenwood House. English Heritage. Retrieved on 2008-04-26.
  179. ^ a b c d Theatres and concert halls.. Your London. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  180. ^ 2001: Public houses. BBC. Retrieved on 2008-06-04.
  181. ^ Chinatown - Official Website. Chinatown London. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  182. ^ London Town - Notting Hill Carnival. LondonTown.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  183. ^ a b c d e London in Literature.. Bryn Mawr College. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  184. ^ Working Title Films. Universal Studios. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  185. ^ The Times BFI. The Times BFI. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  186. ^ Guide to England’s music history 'Chris'; Bootsn AllTravel Network; February 6, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-30.
  187. ^ "Wembley kick-off: Stadium is ready and England play first game in fortnight", Daily Mail, 2007-03-09. Retrieved on 2008-06-07. 
  188. ^ Info Please - 1908 Summer Olympics. Pearson Education, Inc. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  189. ^ Info Please - 1948 Summer Olympics. Pearson Education, Inc. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  190. ^ "IOC elects London as the Host City of the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012", International Olympic Committee, 6 July 2005. Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
  191. ^ British Empire Games Website. All Starts Flag. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  192. ^ (from London), Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved on 2006-06-14.
  193. ^ TheFA.com - Premier League. The FA.com (17 January 2004). Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
  194. ^ Guinness Premiership: Clubs. Guinness Premiership (Premier Rugby). Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
  195. ^ Wembley Stadium History - Official Website. Wembley National Stadium Limited.. Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
  196. ^ Wembley Stadium - Presspack - Facts and Figures. Wembley National Stadium Limited. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  197. ^ RFU apply for two additional concerts at Twickenham Stadium in 2007. The Twickenham Rugby Stadium. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  198. ^ About Lord's Cricket Grounds - Official Website. MCC (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
  199. ^ The Brit Oval - Official Website. Surrey CCC (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
  200. ^ Wimbledon - Official Website. AELTC. Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
  201. ^ Flora London Marathon 2008. London Marathon ltd. Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
  202. ^ The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race - Official Website. The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race. Retrieved on 2008-04-29.
  203. ^ Transport for London. Transport for London. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  204. ^ London Overground. Transport for London. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  205. ^ a b London 2012 Olympic Transport Infrastructure.. Alarm UK. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  206. ^ London voted best for transport. British Broadcasting Corporation News (2006-08-29). Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  207. ^ London Cycling Campaign. Rosanna Downes (20 November 2006). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  208. ^ a b "Beijing plans to overtake London with world's longest subway", Guardian Unlimited, Retrieved on 2007-12-14.
  209. ^ Schwandl, Robert (2001) London Underground UrbanRail.net. Retrieved on 2006-09-24.
  210. ^ "How to Best Use the London Underground", The Travel Insider, 4 July 2004 (last updated: 8 May 2006). Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
  211. ^ First Capital Connect. First Capital Connect ltd. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  212. ^ Eurostar. Eurostar. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  213. ^ About St Pancras International Train Station. saint Pancras International Train Station. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  214. ^ Transport for London. London Buses. Transport for London. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  215. ^ London Black Cabs. London Black Cabs. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  216. ^ Tube - Transport for London. Transport for London. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  217. ^ BAA Heathrow: Official Website. BAA. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  218. ^ Heathrow Airport Terminal 5. TMC Ltd. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  219. ^ About Heathrow, BAA Heathrow. Retrieved on 2006-09-17.
  220. ^ BAA Gatwick: Gatwick Airport. BAA. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  221. ^ BAA Standsted : Stansted Airport. BAA (2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  222. ^ London Luton Airport. London Luton Airport. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  223. ^ London City Airport - Corporate Information. London City Airport Ltd.. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  224. ^ The Ringways Plan. Chris Marshall. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  225. ^ Charging Zone. Transport for London. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  226. ^ Who pays what. Transport for London. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  227. ^ Residents. Transport for London. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  228. ^ "About the London Sector", London Higher Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
  229. ^ "About the University", University of London, 2006-02-20. Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
  230. ^ UCL - Jurisdiction over Students. University College London (7 November 2005). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  231. ^ Queer discipline Spring 2008. King's College London (21 January 2008). Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  232. ^ Academic leadership - Royal Holloway. London External (31 October 2007). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  233. ^ London School of Economics and Political Science. London School of Economics. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  234. ^ The School of Oriental and African Studies. School of Oriental and African Studies. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  235. ^ Quality Assessment Report by the HEFCE for the Royal Academy of Music. Royal Academy of Music. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  236. ^ Institute of Education - University of London. Institute of Education. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  237. ^ Why 4/10 is a great score for Britain's universities. Times Online. Retrieved on 2008-06-10.
  238. ^ The Sunday Times Good University Guide 2007 - Profile for London School of Economics. Times Online. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  239. ^ About EBS London. Regent's College (2007). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  240. ^ Business Week. Business Week. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  241. ^ Cass Business School. Cass Business School (2007). Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  242. ^ South Kensington - Museum Quarter. Travel Webshots. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  243. ^ The National Gallery, London - Official Website. The Natinoal Gallery. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  244. ^ Tate Britain: British Art from 1500. Tate Britain. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  245. ^ Tate Modern: International modern and contemporary art. Tate Modern. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.

[

Further reading

  • Ackroyd, Peter (2001). London: The Biography. London: Vintage, 880. ISBN 0099422581. 
  • Reddaway, Thomas Fiddian (1940). The Rebuilding of London After the Great Fire. Jonathan Cape, 333. 
  • Aubin, Robert Arnold (1943). London in flames, London in glory: poems on the fire and rebuilding of London. Rutgers University Press, 383. 

[

External links

London Portal
Find more about London on Wikipedia's sister projects:
Dictionary definitions
Textbooks
Quotations
Source texts
Images and media
News stories
Learning resources
v • d • e
Members of the Hanseatic League
Wendish and
Pomeranian circle
Lübeck*† · Hamburg† · Kiel · Lüneburg · Rostock · Stade · Stargard · Stettin · Stralsund · Wismar
 Extent of the Hanseatic League, showing the Circles

Principle trading routes of the Hanseatic League
Saxony, Thuringia,
Brandenburg circle
Poland, Prussia,
Livonia, Sweden circle
Danzig (Gdańsk) · Breslau (Wrocław)  · Dorpat (Tartu) · Fellin (Viljandi) · Elbing (Elbląg)  · Königsberg (Kaliningrad)  · Kraków  · Reval (Tallinn) · Riga · Stockholm · Toruń (Thorn)* · Visby
Rhine, Westphalia,
Netherlands circle
Dortmund*† · Bochum · Breckerfeld · Cologne† · Deventer · Duisburg · Groningen · Haltern · Hamm · Harderwijk · Hattem · Hasselt · Kampen · Münster · Oldenzaal · Osnabrück · Recklinghausen · Roermond · Soest† · Unna · Werl · Zutphen · Zwolle
Principal Kontore
(counting houses)
Bryggen (in Bergen) · Hanzekantoor (in Brugge (Bruges)) · Steelyard (in London) · Peterhof (in Novgorod)
Subsidiary Kontore
Antwerp · Berwick · Boston · Damme · Edinburgh · Hull · Ipswich · King's Lynn · Kaunas · Newcastle · Polotsk · Pskov · Yarmouth · York
* Chief city of its circle     † Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire
v • d • e
Flag of the City of London City of London · Greater London · London
Upper tier
Lower tier
Historical
Metropolitan Board of Works (MBW) 1855–1889 · London County Council (LCC) 1889–1965 · Greater London Council (GLC) 1965–1986
* not a London Borough
 
London in the European Union
v • d • e
Flag of Europe Capital cities of the Member States of the European Union
Amsterdam · Athens · Berlin · Bratislava · Brussels · Bucharest · Budapest · Copenhagen · Dublin · Helsinki · Lisbon · Ljubljana · London · Luxembourg City · Madrid · Nicosia · Paris · Prague · Riga · Rome · Sofia · Stockholm · Tallinn · Valletta · Vienna · Vilnius · Warsaw
v • d • e
Places with city status in the United Kingdom
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
Belfast · Derry · Armagh · Newry · Lisburn
v • d • e
25 largest settlements in the UK by urban core population
v • d • e
Summer Olympic Games host cities

1896: Athens • 1900: Paris • 1904: St. Louis • 1908: London • 1912: Stockholm • 1920: Antwerp • 1924: Paris • 1928: Amsterdam • 1932: Los Angeles • 1936: Berlin • 1948: London • 1952: Helsinki • 1956: Melbourne • 1960: Rome • 1964: Tokyo • 1968: Mexico City • 1972: Munich • 1976: Montreal • 1980: Moscow • 1984: Los Angeles • 1988: Seoul • 1992: Barcelona • 1996: Atlanta • 2000: Sydney • 2004: Athens • 2008: Beijing • 2012: London
v • d • e
Commonwealth Games host cities

1930: Hamilton • 1934: London • 1938: Sydney • 1950: Auckland • 1954: Vancouver • 1958: Cardiff • 1962: Perth • 1966: Kingston • 1970: Edinburgh •

1974: Christchurch • 1978: Edmonton • 1982: Brisbane • 1986: Edinburgh • 1990: Auckland • 1994: Victoria • 1998: Kuala Lumpur • 2002: Manchester • 2006: Melbourne • 2010: Delhi • 2014: Glasgow • 2018: TBA
v • d • e
World's fifty most-populated urban areas

Coordinates: 51°30′28″N 0°07′41″W / 51.50778, -0.12806




BCUZ.com FACTS Encyclopedia content is licensed under the GFDL as approved by Wikipedia.
For more information review our copyright contact and privacy policy.
© 1996 - BCUZ.COM - We have all the FACTS you need about Small Business Financing, Behavior Disorder, Having Too Many Bills, Needing Cash Fast, Structured Settlements, Frequent Flier Programs, Top Steak Houses, The Mayan Indians, Norfolk and Suffolk England, Growing Longer Hair and a full reference English Encyclopedia and Spanish Encyclopedia.Privacy Policy