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Kingston upon Hull



Hull has over 100 local schools; of these, Hull City Council lists 14 secondary schools and 71 primary schools.[86] Schools independent of the City Council include Hymers College[87] and Hull Collegiate School, the latter formed by the merging of Hull Grammar School and Hull High School, run by the United Church Schools Trust.[88] There is a further education college, Hull College,[89] and two large sixth form colleges, Wyke College[90] and Wilberforce College.[91] Hull Trinity House School has been offering pre-sea training to prospective mariners since 1787.[92]

The city has had low examination success rates for many years and was often near to the bottom of government league tables.[93][94] In the 2007 the city moved off the bottom of these tables for pupils who achieve five A* to C grades, including English and Maths, at GCSE by just one place, coming 149th out of 150 local education authorities. However, this represents an increase from 25.9 per cent in 2006 to 30 per cent in summer 2007 – an improvement of 4.1 per cent – which is amongst the best in the country.[95]

In 2003, the city established a Youth Enterprise Partnership to help to support enterprising young people. Teams from Hull, named K H Smilers, Avian Enterprise, Tops Off, and Force-7, which were formed under this partnership have reached the National Finals of Young Enterprise, with two teams winning and continuing to the European Finals. This partnership also facilitates events with high-profile speakers during National Enterprise Week, and has established a drop-in facility at the BeSPoKe Centre in Bransholme for young people to learn more about setting up in business. The city has also established the John Cracknell Youth Enterprise Bank to give financial support to qualifying individuals.[96]

[

Culture

The Deep at night.
The Deep at night.

Hull's Museum Quarter, on the High Street in the heart of the Old Town, consists of Wilberforce House, the Arctic Corsair, the Hull and East Riding Museum, and the Streetlife and Transport Museum.[97] Other museums and visitor attractions include the Ferens Art Gallery, the Maritime Museum, the Spurn Lightship,[97] the Yorkshire Water Museum,[98] and the Deep, the world's only submarium.[99] The Fish Trail leads its followers through old and new sections of the city, following a wide variety of sealife engraved in the pavement.[100]

The city has three main theatres. Hull New Theatre, which opened in 1939,[101] is the largest venue which features musicals, opera, ballet, drama, children's shows and pantomime.[102] The Hull Truck Theatre is a smaller independent theatre, established in 1971,[103] that regularly features plays, notably those written by John Godber[104]. The Hull Truck Theatre will have a new home in the St Stephen's development.[105] The Northern Theatre Company, established in 1975, is also based in the city.

Hull New Theatre
Hull New Theatre

Hull has attracted the attention of poets to the extent that the Australian author Peter Porter has described it as "the most poetic city in England".[106] Philip Larkin set many of his poems in Hull; these include "The Whitsun Weddings", "Toads", and "Here".[107] Scottish-born Douglas Dunn's Terry Street, a portrait of working-class Hull life, is one the outstanding poetry collections of the 1970s.[108] Dunn forged close associations with such Hull poets as Peter Didsbury and Sean O'Brien; the works of some of these writers appear in the 1982 Bloodaxe anthology A Rumoured City, a work that Dunn edited.[109] Andrew Motion, current Poet Laureate, lectured at the University of Hull between 1976 and 1981,[110] and Roger McGough studied there.[111] Contemporary poets associated with Hull are Maggie Hannan,[112] David Wheatley,[113] and Caitriona O'Reilly.[114]

In the field of classical music, Hull is home to Hull Sinfonietta, the largest professional chamber ensemble in the Humber region,[115] and also the Hull Philharmonic Orchestra, one of the oldest amateur orchestras in the country.[116] The Hull Philharmonic Youth Orchestra, established in 1952,[117] the Hull Choral Union, the Hull Bach Choir - which specialises in the performance of 17th and 18th century choral music, the Hull Male Voice Choir, the Arterian Singers and two Gilbert & Sullivan Societies: the Dagger Lane Operatic Society and the Hull Savoyards are also based in Hull.There are two brass bands, the East Yorkshire Motor Services Band.[118][119] and East Riding of Yorkshire Band.[120]

Newland Avenue, Hull
Newland Avenue, Hull

On the popular music scene, in the 1960s, Mick Ronson of the Hull band Rats worked closely with David Bowie and was heavily involved in production of the album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars.[121] Ronson later went on to record with Lou Reed, Bob Dylan and The Wildhearts.[121] There is a Mick Ronson Memorial Stage in Queen's Gardens in Hull.[122] In the 1980s, Hull bands such as The Red Guitars, The Housemartins and Everything But the Girl found mainstream success.[123] Paul Heaton, former member of The Housemartins went on to front The Beautiful South.[124] Another former member of The Housemartins, Norman Cook, now performs as Fatboy Slim.[125] In 1983, Hull-born Paul Anthony Cook, Stuart Matthewman and Paul Spencer Denman formed the group Sade. In 1984, the singer Helen Adu signed to CBS and the group released the album Diamond Life. The album went Triple Platinum in the UK.[126] Vocalist and actor Roland Gift, who formed the Fine Young Cannibals, grew up in Hull.[127] The record label Pork Recordings started in Hull in the mid-1990s and has released workings of Fila Brazillia[128] and Mr Beasley amongst others. The Sesh night has released four DIY compilations featuring the cream of Hull's live music scene and there are currently a few labels emerging in the city, including Purple Worm Records[129] and Empire. The Adelphi is a popular local venue for alternative live music in the city, and has achieved notability outside Hull, having hosted such bands as The Stone Roses, Radiohead, Green Day, and Oasis in its history,[130] whilst the Springhead, caters to a variety of bands and has been recognised nationally as a Live Music Pub of the Year.[131]

The nightlife of Hull attracts people from outlying areas as well as inhabitants of the city. It has the concentration of pubs and bars expected of any large city in contemporary Britain. The drinking culture in the city centre tends towards late bars while the wine bars and pubs around Hull University and its accommodation area are popular with students. In particular, the areas around Newland Avenue and Prince's Avenue have seen a rapid expansion in continental style bars and cafes encouraged by the redesign of the street layout.[132]

Picture of Hull Fair taken from the top of the Big Wheel, 2006.
Picture of Hull Fair taken from the top of the Big Wheel, 2006.

The city is host to a number of festivals and events. The The Humber Mouth literature festival is an annual event and in the 2007 season featured writers such as Will Self, Shami Chakrabarti, Joanne Harris, Raj Persaud, Mike Gayle, Jackie Kay, Jean "Binta" Breeze, Robin Ince, Dan Rhodes, Steven Hall and Christopher Reid.[133]The annual Hull Jazz Festival takes place around the Marina area for a week at the beginning of August.[134] This is followed, in early September, by the Sea Fever Festival, an International Sea Shanty Festival.[135]

Early October sees the arrival of Hull Fair which is one of Europe's largest travelling funfair and takes place on land adjacent to the KC Stadium.[136] The Hull Global Food Festival held its first annual event in the city's Queen Victoria Square for three days in 2007 with the next event scheduled for 22 August–24 August 2008. According to officials, the event attracted 125,000 visitors and brought some £5 million in revenue to the area.[137] In 2007 the Hull Metalfest began in the Welly Club,[138] it was the second largest UK Metal festival after the Download Festival. It featured Major Label bands hailing from America, Canada and Italy, as well as the UK, such as: Dead To Fall (USA), From A Second Story Window (USA), Ion Dissonance (Canada), Belay My last (USA), Abel Is Dying (Italy), Eternal Lord, Annotations of an Autopsy, With Chaos in Her Wake, Postmortem Promises, Clone the Fragile and many more. The first Hull Comedy Festival, which included performers such as Stewart Lee and Russell Howard was held in 2007 and it is anticipated that this too will become an annual festival.[139]

See also: Bands and musicians from Yorkshire and North East England

[

Media

The BBC building in Hull.
The BBC building in Hull.

Hull's daily newspaper is the Hull Daily Mail which was named Yorkshire Daily Newspaper of the Year in 2003,[140] 2004,[141] 2006[142] and 2007.[143] Mail News and Media also has an internet presence, with separate sites for local news, sports and nightlife. Local listings and what's on guides include Tenfoot City Magazine and Sandman Magazine. The BBC has its new Yorkshire and Lincolnshire regional headquarters at Queen's Gardens,[144] from which the regional news programme Look North is broadcast. Radio services come from BBC Radio Humberside, Viking FM, KCFM, Magic 1161, Hull University Union's Jam 1575, and Kingstown Radio, the hospital-based radio station, which all broadcast to the city.[145]

[

Sport

Kingston Communications Stadium.
Kingston Communications Stadium.

The city's professional football team, Hull City AFC, will play in the Premier League, the top tier of the English football league system, for the 2008–09 season, having been promoted in the 2007–08 season.[146] The team play at the Kingston Communications Stadium.

Hull is a rugby league hub, having two teams who play in the Super League. Hull FC, along with Hull City AFC, play at the Kingston Communications Stadium[147] and Hull Kingston Rovers who play at Craven Park.[148] There are also several lower league teams in the city, such as East Hull, West Hull, Hull Dockers and Hull Isberg, who all play in the National Conference League.[149] Rugby union is catered for by Hull Ionians who play at Brantingham Park.[150]

The city also has Hull Ice Arena,[151] a large ice rink and concert venue, which is home to the Hull Stingrays ice hockey team who play in the Elite Ice Hockey League.[151] New to the city is the Hull Hornets American Football Club which acquired full member status of the British American Football League on 5 November 2006 and played in the BAFL Division 2 Central league for 2007. Greyhound racing returned to the city on 25 October 2007 with the re-opening of The Boulevard stadium as a venue for the sport.[152] In mid-2006 Hull was home to the professional wrestling company 1PW, which held the Devils Due event on 27 July in the Gemtec Arena.[153]

.

[

Dialect and accent

The local accent is quite distinctive and noticeably different from the rest of the East Riding; however it is still categorised amongst Yorkshire accents. The most notable feature of the accent is the strong I-mutation[154] in words like goat, which is [gəʊt] in standard English and [goːt] across most of Yorkshire, becomes [gɵːt] ("geuht") in and around parts of Hull, although there is variation across areas and generations.

View of Pearson Park
View of Pearson Park

In common with much of England (outside of the far north), another feature is dropping the H from the start of words, for example Hull is more often pronounced 'Ull in the city. The vowel in "Hull" is pronounced the same way as in Standard English, however, and not as the very short /U/ that exists in Lincolnshire, although the rhythm of the accent is more like that of northern Lincolnshire than that of the rural East Riding, which is perhaps due to migration from Lincolnshire to the city during its industrial growth. One feature that it does share with the surrounding rural area is that an /i/ sound in the middle of a word often becomes an /a:/: for example, "five" may sound like "fahve", "time" like "tahme", etc. "Guide" and "guard" for example are therefore homophones.[155]

The vowel sound in words such as burnt, nurse, first is pronounced with an /E:/ sound, as is also heard in Liverpool and in Middlesbrough, yet this sound is very uncommon in most of Yorkshire. The word pairs spur/spare and fur/fair illustrate this.[156] The generational and/or geographic variation can be heard in word pairs like pork/poke or cork/coke, or hall/hole, which some people pronounce identically while others make a distinction; anyone called "Paul" (for example) soon becomes aware of this (Paul/pole).[157][158]

An amusing postcard is produced mocking the Hull accent. It lists a number of words and phrases as they are spoken by some people in the city and a 'translation' to the Queen's English. For example, someone in Hull telling you that they had received a fern curl could be telling someone they had received a phone call.

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Notable people

The Wilberforce Monument as seen from the Queen's Gardens.
The Wilberforce Monument as seen from the Queen's Gardens.
Most of the notable people associated with the city can be found in the People from Hull and People associated with the University of Hull categories.

People from Hull are called Hullensians and the city has been the birthplace and home to many notable people. Amongst the most notable persons of historic significance with a connection to Hull are William Wilberforce who was instrumental in the abolition of slavery[159] and Amy Johnson, aviator who was the first person to fly solo from England to Australia.[160] Notable entertainers from the city include actor John Alderton[161] and actress Maureen Lipman.[162] Playwrights Richard Bean, John Godber and Alan Plater have close connections with Hull.[163] [164][165] Musicians include Paul Heaton of the Housemartins and The Beautiful South[124] and guitarist Mick Ronson who worked with David Bowie.[166] Notable sportspeople include Clive Sullivan, rugby league player, who played for both of Hull's professional rugby league teams.[167] The main A63 road into the city from the Humber Bridge is named after him (Clive Sullivan Way).

[

Twinned cities

Hull City Hall
Hull City Hall

Hull has formal twinning arrangements with several places:[168]

Country Place County / District / Region / State Date
Flag of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Freetown Western Area
Flag of Japan Japan Niigata Niigata
Flag of the United States United States Raleigh North Carolina
Flag of Iceland Iceland Reykjavík Reykjavík
Flag of the Netherlands Netherlands Rotterdam South Holland
Flag of Poland Poland Szczecin West Pomerania

Hull, Massachusetts in the USA is named after this city,[169] as is Hull, Quebec, which is part of the Canadian national capital region.[170]

[

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[

Notes

a There was no census in 1941: figures are from National Register. United Kingdom and Isle of Man. Statistics of Population on 29 September 1939 by Sex, Age and Marital Condition
b There is a discrepancy of 6 between Office of National Statistics figures (quoted before) and those on the Vision of Britain website (quoted here).

[

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Members of the Hanseatic League
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