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iPod



The third generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests.[44][45] The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth generation iPods.[46] The problem is reduced when using high-impedance headphones and is completely masked when driving high-impedance (line level) loads, such as an external headphone amplifier. The first generation iPod shuffle uses a dual-transistor output stage,[47] rather than a single capacitor-coupled output, and does not exhibit reduced bass response for any load.

[

Models

The iPod has been upgraded many times, and each significant revision is called a "generation". Only the most recent (highest numbered) generation and refurbished units of previous generations of the iPod is available from Apple for each model (classic, nano, shuffle, touch). Each new generation usually has more features and refinements while typically being physically smaller and lighter than its predecessor, while usually (but not always) retaining the older model's price tag. Notable changes include the touch-sensitive click wheel replacing the mechanical scroll wheel, use of color displays, and flash memory replacing hard disks.

Model Generation Image Capacity Connection Original release date Minimum OS to sync Rated battery life (hours)
classic first first generation iPod 5, 10 GB FireWire 23 October 2001 Mac: 9, 10.1 audio: 10
First model, with mechanical scroll wheel. 10 GB model released later.
second A second generation iPod (2002) 10, 20 GB FireWire 17 July 2002 Mac: 10.1
Win: 2000		 audio: 10
Touch-sensitive wheel. FireWire port had a cover. Hold switch revised. Windows compatibility through Musicmatch.
third third generation iPod 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 GB FireWire (USB for syncing only) 28 April 2003 Mac: 10.1
Win: 2000		 audio: 8
First complete redesign with all-touch interface, dock connector, and slimmer case. Musicmatch support dropped with later release of iTunes 4.1 for Windows.
fourth
(photo) (color)		 fourth generation iPod 20, 40 GB FireWire or USB 19 July 2004 Mac: 10.2
Win: 2000		 audio: 12
Adopted Click Wheel from iPod mini.
fourth generation iPod photo:
30, 40, 60 GB		 FireWire or USB 26 October 2004 Mac: 10.2
Win: 2000		 audio: 15
slideshow: 5
color:
20, 60 GB		 28 June 2005
Premium spin-off of 4G iPod with color screen and picture viewing. Later re-integrated into main iPod line.
fifth fifth generation iPod 30, 60, 80 GB USB (FireWire for charging only) 12 October 2005 Mac: 10.3
Win: 2000		 30 GB
audio: 14
video: 2
(later 3.5)		 60/80 GB
audio: 20
video: 3/6.5
Second full redesign with a slimmer case, and larger screen with video playback. Offered in black or white. 60GB upgraded to 80GB on September 12, 2006.
sixth sixth generation iPod 80, 160 GB USB (FireWire for charging only) 5 September 2007 Mac: 10.4 Win: XP 80 GB
audio: 30
video: 5		 160 GB
audio: 40
video: 7
Introduced the "classic" suffix. New interface and anodized aluminum front plate. Silver replaces white.
mini
(replaced by nano)		 first first generation iPod mini 4 GB USB or FireWire 6 January 2004 Mac: 10.1
Win: 2000		 audio: 8
New smaller model, available in 5 colors. Introduced the "Click Wheel".
second second generation iPod mini 4, 6 GB USB or FireWire 22 February 2005 Mac: 10.2
Win: 2000		 audio: 18
Brighter color variants with longer battery life. Click Wheel lettering matched body color. Gold color discontinued. Later replaced by iPod nano.
nano first first generation iPod nano 1, 2, 4 GB USB (FireWire for charging only) 7 September 2005 Mac: 10.3
Win: 2000		 audio: 14
slideshow: 4
Replaced mini. Available in black or white and used flash memory. Color screen for picture viewing. 1 GB version released later.
second 4 GB blue iPod nano 2, 4, 8 GB USB (FireWire for charging only) 12 September 2006 Mac: 10.3
Win: 2000		 audio: 24
slideshow: 5
Anodized aluminum casing and 6 colors available.
third 4 GB third generation iPod nano 4, 8,  GB USB (FireWire for charging only) 5 September 2007 Mac: 10.4
Win: XP		 audio: 24
video: 5
2" QVGA screen, colors refreshed with chrome back, new interface, video capability.
shuffle first first generation iPod shuffle 512 MB, 1 GB USB
(no adaptor required)		 11 January 2005 Mac: 10.2
Win: 2000		 audio: 12
New entry-level model. Uses flash memory and has no screen.
second second generation iPod shuffle 1 GB, 2 GB USB 12 September 2006 Mac: 10.3
Win: 2000		 audio: 12
Smaller clip design with anodized aluminum casing. 4 color options added later. Colors were later refreshed.
touch first This image is a candidate for speedy deletion. It may be deleted after Saturday, 2 February 2008. 8, 16, 32 GB USB (FireWire for charging only) 5 September 2007 Mac: 10.4
Win: XP		 audio: 22
video: 5
First iPod with Wi-Fi and a Multi-Touch interface. Features Safari browser and wireless access to the iTunes Store and YouTube. 32 GB model later added.
Sources: Apple Inc. model database,[48] Mactracker.[49]
(PRODUCT)RED 4 or 8G iPod nano.
(PRODUCT)RED 4 or 8G iPod nano.

The software bundled with the first generation iPod was Macintosh-only, so Windows users had to use third-party software like ephPod or XPlay to manage their music. When Apple introduced the second generation of iPods in July 2002, they sold two versions, one that included iTunes for Macintosh users and another that included Musicmatch Jukebox for Windows users.[50] In October 2003, Apple released the Windows version of iTunes,[51] and started selling iPods that included both Macintosh and Windows versions of iTunes so that they could be used with either platform. Current iPods no longer ship with iTunes, which must be downloaded from Apple's website.

In December 2002, Apple unveiled its first limited edition iPods, with either Madonna’s, Tony Hawk’s, or Beck’s signature or No Doubt's band logo engraved on the back for an extra US$50.[52] On October 26, 2004, Apple introduced a special edition of its fourth generation monochrome iPod, designed in the color scheme of the album How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb by Irish rock band U2. It had a black case with a red click wheel and the back had the engraved signatures of U2's band members. This iPod was updated alongside the iPod photo and fifth generation iPod.

On October 13, 2006, Apple released a special edition 4 GB red iPod nano as part of the (PRODUCT)RED campaign. An 8 GB version was released three weeks later and both of them sold for the same price as the standard models. US$10 from each sale is donated to The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis & Malaria. On September 5, 2007, Apple also added a (PRODUCT)RED iPod shuffle model. They did not disclose how much will be donated to charity from this model. Apple also released Special Edition Harry Potter iPods to accompany the iPod photo. These were engraved with the Hogwarts Crest on the back and were only available to purchasers of the Harry Potter audiobooks. They were updated when the fifth generation iPods were released, but were only available for a limited time.

In 2007, a Cubismo special edition 2 GB silver iPod nano was made available in the former Yugoslav republics. [53]

Timeline of iPod models

See also: Template:Timeline of full-size iPod models and Template:Timeline of compact iPod models

Sources: Apple press release library,[54] Mactracker Apple Inc. model database[49]

[

Reliability and durability

iPods have been criticized for their short life-span and fragile hard drives. A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod had an average failure rate of 13.7%. It concluded that some models were more durable than others.[55] In particular, failure rates for iPods employing hard drives was usually above 20% while those with flash memory had a failure rate below 10%, indicating poor hard drive durability. In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable.[56][57] A class action lawsuit was also filed.[58] Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.

[

Allegations of worker exploitation

On June 11, 2006, the British newspaper Mail on Sunday reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month and work 15-hour shifts.[59] Apple investigated the case with independent auditors and found that, while some of the plant's labour practices met Apple's Code of Conduct, others did not: Employees worked over 60 hours a week for 35% of the time, and worked more than six consecutive days for 25% of the time.[60]

Foxconn, Apple's manufacturer, initially denied the abuses[61], but when an auditing team from Apple found that workers had been working longer hours than were allowed under Chinese law, they promised to prevent workers working more hours than the Code allowed. Apple hired a workplace standards auditing company, Verité, and joined the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group to oversee the measures. On December 31, 2006, workers at the Longhua, Shenzhen factory (owned by Foxconn) formed a union. The union is affiliated with the Chinese government-controlled All-China Federation of Trade Unions.[62]

[

Patent disputes

In 2005, Apple faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod and its associated technologies:[63] Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod breached its patent on a "music jukebox",[64] while a Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company called Pat-rights filed a suit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent[65] issued to inventor Ho Keung Tse. The latter case also includes the online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch as defendants.[66]

Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on "rotational user inputs",[67] as used on the iPod's interface, received a third "non-final rejection" (NFR) in August 2005. Also in August 2005, Creative Technology, one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it held a patent[68] on part of the music selection interface used by the iPod, which Creative dubbed the "Zen Patent", granted on August 9, 2005.[69] On May 15, 2006, Creative filed another suit against Apple with the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Creative also asked the United States International Trade Commission to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the United States.[70]

On August 24, 2006, Apple and Creative announced a broad settlement to end their legal disputes. Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products. As part of the agreement, Apple will recoup part of its payment, if Creative is successful in licensing the patent. Creative then announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the Made for iPod program.[71] For example, the Creative Zen Stone Plus is iTunes compatible.

[

Sales

iPod quarterly sales. Click for table of data and sources.
iPod quarterly sales. Click for table of data and sources.
See also: iPod advertising

Since October 2004, the iPod has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players.[72] During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65% and in July 2005, this market share was measured at 74%. In January of 2007 the iPod market share reached 72.7% according to Bloomberg Online.

The release of the iPod mini helped to ensure this success at a time when competing flash-based music players were once dominant.[73] On January 8, 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple. Several new retail channels were used—including Wal-Mart—and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales. In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by Apple.[74]

In January 2007, Apple reported record quarterly revenue of US$7.1 billion, of which 48% was made from iPod sales.[75]

On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales.[76] Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers.[77]

On September 5, 2007, during their "The Beat Goes On" event, Apple announced that the iPod had surpassed 110 million units sold.

On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt.[78]

On January 22, 2008, Apple reported the best quarter revenue and earnings in Apple's history so far. Apple posted record revenue of $9.6 billion and record net quarterly profit of $1.58 billion. 42% of Apple's revenue for the First fiscal quarter of 2008 came from iPod sales, followed by 21% from notebook sales and 16% from desktop sales[79]. Apple has sold over 140M iPods to date (see chart). It also posted record Mac and iPod sales to date.

[

Industry impact

iPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence,[80] to most innovative audio product,[81] to fourth best computer product of 2006.[82] iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use. PC World says that iPods have "altered the landscape for portable audio players".[81] Several industries are modifying their products to work better with both the iPod and the AAC audio format. Examples include CD copy-protection schemes,[83] and mobile phones, such as phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia, which play AAC files rather than WMA. Microsoft's Zune device also supports AAC and it has adopted a similar closed DRM model used by iPods and the iTunes Store, despite Microsoft previously marketing the benefits of choice with their PlaysForSure initiative. Podcasts and download charts have also had mainstream adoption.

In addition to its reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod has also become accepted as a business device. Government departments, major institutions and international organisations have turned to the iPod as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training, such as the Royal and Western Infirmaries in Glasgow, Scotland where iPods are used to train new staff.[84]

iPods have also gained popularity for use in education. Apple offers more information on educational uses for iPods on their website, [85] including a collection of lesson plans. [86] There has also been academic research done in this area in nursing education [87] and more general K-16 education. [88] Duke University provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004, and the iPod program continues today with modifications. [89]

[

See also

[

References

  1. ^ Charles Gaba. iPod Sales: Quarterly & Total. Retrieved on 2008-04-28.
  2. ^ Apple Inc.. iTunes system requirements. Apple iTunes software currently runs on Macintosh OS X 10.3.9 or OS X 10.4.9 or later and on Microsoft Windows XP (Service Pack 2) or Vista. Retrieved on 2008-05-28.
  3. ^ Ross McKillop, simplehelp.net. Alternatives to iTunes for managing your iPod. Retrieved on 2008-05-28.
  4. ^ Ryan Block (September 5, 2007). Steve Jobs live -- Apple's "The beat goes on" special event. Engadget. Retrieved on 2008-03-10.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Kahney, Leander.Straight Dope on the iPod's Birth, Wired News, 2006-10-17. Retrieved on 2006-10-30.
  6. ^ "2007 Engineer of the Year Finalist Michael Dhuey’s Hardware Knowledge Helps Breathe Life Into iPod, TelePresence", Design News, September 24, 2007.
  7. ^ Serial No. 78018061, Registration No. 2781793, records of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. InPub, LLC, filed an "IPOD" trademark on June 1, 1999, for "computer software and hardware." The trademark was abandoned May 18, 2000, without commercial use.
  8. ^ iPod Classic Technical Specs
  9. ^ iTunes Downloads
  10. ^ iTunes Music Store Catalog Tops One Million Songs, Apple Inc., 2004-08-10. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.
  11. ^ Scott-Joynt, Jeremy. Apple targets TV and film market, BBC News, 2006-09-12. Retrieved on 2006-09-12.
  12. ^ Kanellos, Michael. Real's Glaser exhorts Apple to open iPod, CNet News, 2004-03-23. Retrieved on 2006-06-20.
  13. ^ Orlowski, Andrew. Your 99c belong to the RIAA – Steve Jobs, The Register, 2003-11-07. Retrieved on 2006-06-20.
  14. ^ Evans, Jonny. Universal confirms iTunes contract change, Macworld UK, 2007-07-04. Retrieved on 2007-07-05.
  15. ^ iPod touch: Appears in iTunes but not in Finder or Windows Desktop
  16. ^ How To: Boot up your Mac from your iPod
  17. ^ Kuzmanoski, Brian. Analysis of the iPod's equalizer, DAP review. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  18. ^ MacInTouch reader report of iPod sound distortion, MacInTouch, July 2002. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  19. ^ Cassell, Jonathan. Apple Delivers More For Less With New iPod Nano, iSuppli Corporation, 2006-09-20. Retrieved on 2006-10-21.
  20. ^ Williams, Martyn. How Much Should an IPod Shuffle Cost?, PC World, 2005-02-24. Retrieved on 2006-08-14.
  21. ^ Darlin, Damon. The iPod Ecosystem. New York Times, 2006-02-03. Retrieved on 2006-08-14.
  22. ^ In-The-Ear Bluetooth Earphones. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  23. ^ Dianner. Earphones are a giveaway, Flickr, 2005-07-21. Retrieved on 2007-02-11.
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  25. ^ iPod Your BMW. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  26. ^ Apple & Mercedes-Benz Unveil iPod Integration Kit, Apple Inc., 2005-01-11. Retrieved on 2006-06-20.
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  29. ^ Honda Music Link for iPods, Honda. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  30. ^ Apple Teams Up With Acura, Audi, Honda & Volkswagen to Deliver Seamless iPod Experience, Apple Inc., 2005-09-07. Retrieved on 2006-06-20.
  31. ^ Car Integration: iPod your car, Apple Inc.. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
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  33. ^ Marsal, Katie. Two of six airlines say there's no ink on iPod deal, AppleInsider, 2006-11-15. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
  34. ^ MP3 Insider: The truth about your battery life, mp3.com, 2006-03-13. Retrieved on 2006-07-10.
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  36. ^ Horwitz, Jeremy. Apple’s iPod Battery Settlement, Explained, iLounge, 2005-06-10. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.
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  43. ^ Disassemble Guide for Video iPod. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  44. ^ Machrone, Bill. iPod audio measurements, PC Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  45. ^ Heijligers, Marc. iPod audio measurements. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  46. ^ Heijligers, Marc. iPod circuit design engineering, May 2006. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  47. ^ Machrone, Bill Quantifying Digital Audio Player Performance, ', 2005. Retrieved on 2008-05-03.
  48. ^ Identifying iPod models, retrieved October 31, 2007.
  49. ^ a b Mactracker (mactracker.ca), Apple Inc. model database, version as of July 26, 2007.
  50. ^ Apple Unveils New iPods, Apple Inc., 2002-07-17. Retrieved on 2007-02-19.
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  52. ^ Dalrymple, Jim. Limited Edition Madonna, Tony Hawk, Beck iPods. Macworld, 2002-09-10. Retrieved on 2007-01-07.
  53. ^ Apple trgovina
  54. ^ Apple press release library, Retrieved September 19, 2007.
  55. ^ iPod Reliability Survey, MacInTouch, 2005-11-28. Retrieved on 2006-10-29.
  56. ^ Apple responds to iPod nano screen concerns, Macworld, 2005-09-27. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  57. ^ Arthur, Charles. iPod Nano owners in screen scratch trauma, The Register, 2005-09-25. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
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  60. ^ Millard, Elizabeth. Is It Ethical To Own an iPod?. Retrieved on 2007-03-20.
  61. ^ Foxconn denies iPod 'sweatshop' claims, MacNN, 2006-06-19. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  62. ^ Bodeen, Chistopher. Official Union Forms at Taiwanese Plant, Forbes, 2007-01-17. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  63. ^ Apple faces patent lawsuits over its iPod, ChannelRegister, 2005-03-10. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  64. ^ U.S. Patent 6,587,403 — Advanced Audio Devices' "music jukebox" patent.
  65. ^ U.S. Patent 6,665,797 — "Protection of software again against unauthorized use" (corrected to "Computer Apparatus/Software Access Control").
  66. ^ Apple, Sony among those named in new DRM lawsuit, AppleInsider, 2005-08-16. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  67. ^ U.S. patent application 20030095096 Apple's application on "rotational user inputs".
  68. ^ U.S. Patent 6,928,433 Creative Technology's "Zen" patent.
  69. ^ Creative wins MP3 player patent, BBC News, 2005-08-30. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  70. ^ Creative sues Apple over patent, Macworld UK, 2006-05-16. Retrieved on 2007-03-20.
  71. ^ Apple & Creative Announce Broad Settlement..., , Apple Inc.. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  72. ^ Marsal, Katie. iPod: how big can it get?, AppleInsider, 2006-05-24. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  73. ^ jomy Apple Computer (presentation slides), 2005-10-18. Retrieved on 2006-05-25.
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  75. ^ Apple Reports First Quarter Results, Apple Inc., 2007-01-17. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
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  79. ^ Apple Inc. (22 January 2008). Apple Reports First Quarter Results. Press release. Retrieved on 2008-1-23
  80. ^ iPod and Bluetooth lead to prizes, BBC News, 2005-06-03. Retrieved on 2007-03-20.
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  82. ^ Apple wins 5 'World Class' awards, MacNN. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  83. ^ Apple, iPod, and CD Copy Protection, MacRumors. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.
  84. ^ Hospitals train staff with iPods, BBC News, 2006-03-29. Retrieved on 2007-06-16.
  85. ^ iTunes U and Mobile Learning
  86. ^ iPod in the Classroom
  87. ^ Maag, M.E.D. (2006). "Podcasting and MP3 Players: Emerging Education Technologies.". CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing 24 (1): 9-13. 
  88. ^ Slykhuis, D. (2006). "Have an iPod? Then you need to know this about how to use it in your classroom.". 
  89. ^ Duke’s Ever-Evolving iPod Initiative

[

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