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History



These are approaches to history; not listed are histories of other fields, such as history of science, history of mathematics and history of philosophy.

  • Ancient history : the study from the beginning of human history until the Early Middle Ages.
  • Art History: the study of changes in and social context of art.
  • Big History: study of history on a large scale across long time frames and epochs through a multi-disciplinary approach.
  • Chronology: science of localizing historical events in time.
  • Contemporary history: the study of historical events that are immediately relevant to the present time.
  • Counterfactual history: the study of historical events as they might have happened in different causal circumstances.
  • Cultural history: the study of culture in the past.
  • Economic History: the study of economies in the past.
  • Futurology: study of the future: researches the medium to long-term future of societies and of the physical world.
  • Intellectual history: the study of ideas in the context of the cultures that produced them and their development over time.
  • Maritime history: the study of maritime transport and all the connected subjects.
  • Modern history : the study of the Modern Times, the era after the Middle Ages.
  • Military History: the study of warfare and wars in history and what is sometimes considered to be a sub-branch of military history, Naval History.
  • Paleography: study of ancient texts.
  • People's history: historical work from the perspective of common people.
  • Political history: the study of politics in the past.
  • Psychohistory: study of the psychological motivations of historical events.
  • Pseudohistory: study about the past that falls outside the domain of mainstream history (sometimes it is an equivalent of pseudoscience).
  • Social History: the study of the process of social change throughout history.
  • World History: the study of history from a global perspective.
  • Natural history: the study of the development of the cosmos, the Earth, biology and interactions thereof.

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Notes and references

  1. ^ Historia, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus
  2. ^ Historeo, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus
  3. ^ a b c WordNet Search - 3.0, "History"
  4. ^ a b Ferrater-Mora, José. Diccionario de Filosofia. Barcelona: Editorial Ariel, 1994.
  5. ^ a b c Whitney, W. D. The Century dictionary; an encyclopedic lexicon of the English language. New York: The Century Co, 1889.
  6. ^ Scott Gordon and James Gordon Irving, The History and Philosophy of Social Science. Routledge 1991. Page 1. ISBN 0415056829
  7. ^ Ritter, H. (1986). Dictionary of concepts in history. Reference sources for the social sciences and humanities, no. 3. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. Page 416.
  8. ^ Michael C. Lemon (1995).The Discipline of History and the History of Thought. Routledge. Page 201. ISBN 0415123461
  9. ^ a b Graham, Gordon (1997). "Chapter 1", The Shape of the Past. Oxford University. 
  10. ^ Jack Goody (2007) The Theft of History (from Google Books)
  11. ^ Carr, Edward H. (1961). What is History?, p.108, ISBN 0140206523
  12. ^ a b Lamberg-Karlovsky, C. C. and Jeremy A. Sabloff (1979). Ancient Civilizations: The Near East and Mesoamerica. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing, p. 5. 
  13. ^ Lamberg-Karlovsky, C. C. and Jeremy A. Sabloff (1979). Ancient Civilizations: The Near East and Mesoamerica. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing, p. 6. 
  14. ^ Adams, Henry. (1986). History of the United States of America During the Administration of Thomas Jefferson (pg. 1299). Library of America.
  15. ^ Adams, Henry. (1910). A Letter to American Teachers of History. Google Books, Scanned PDF. Washington.
  16. ^ reference needed
  17. ^ Marwick, Arthur (1970). The Nature of History. The Macmillian Press LTD, p. 169. 
  18. ^ Tosh, John (2006). The Pursuit of History. Pearson Education Limited, pp. 168-169. 
  19. ^ http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00708.x?cookieSet=1
  20. ^ http://www.iwanami.co.jp/jpworld/text/textbook01.html
  21. ^ James W. Loewen, Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong, Touchstone, 1996, ISBN 978-0684818863.
  22. ^ Plato, The Republic, in The Portable Plato, Penguin, 1977, ISBN 0140150404. "...the audacious fiction, which I propose to communicate gradually, first to the rulers, then to the soldiers, and lastly to the people."
  23. ^ Kenneth C. Davis, Don't Know Much About History: Everything You Need to Know About American History but Never Learned, Harper Collins, 2003, ISBN 978-0060083816.

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