Hell
The hells of Europe include Briton Mythology's “Anaon”, Celtic Mythology's “Uffern”, the hell of Lapps Mythology and Ugarian Mythology's “Manala” leads to annihilation. The hells in the Middle East include Sumerian Mythology's “Aralu”; the hells of Canaanite Mythology, Hittite Mythology and Mithraism; the weighing of the heart in Egyptian Mythology can lead to annihilation. The hells of Asia include Bagobo Mythology's “Gimokodan” and Ancient Indian Mythology's “Kalichi". African hells include Haida Mythology's “Hetgwauge” and the hell of Swahili Mythology. The hells of the Americas include Aztec Mythology's “Mictlan”, Inuit Mythology's “Adlivun” and Yanomamo Mythology's “Shobari Waka”. The Oceanic hells include Samoan Mythology's “O le nu'u-o-nonoa” and the hells of Bangka Mythology and Caroline Islands Mythology.
The Gathas mention a "House of the Lie" where those who had more bad thoughts, words, and deeds go. Over the history of Zoroastrianism they have believed in annihilation of the wicked, purgation of the wicked in molten metal and in eternal punishment. It is difficult to find which one is correct because they all have standing in Zoroastor's writings.
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Words translated as "Hell"
Sheol
In the King James Bible, the Old Testament term Sheol is translated as "Hell" 31 times.[15] However, sheol was translated as "grave" 31 other times.[16] Sheol is also translated as "pit" three times.[17]
Gehenna
In the New Testament of the KJV, Gehenna is always translated as "Hell."[18]
Hades
The KJV translates Hades as "Hell" 10 times,[19] and as "grave" once.[20] Hades is traditionally the Greek word for Sheol.
Tartarus
The KJV translates tartarus, which appears only in II Pet. 2:4, as "Hell".
Abaddon
The Hebrew word Abaddon, meaning "destruction", is sometimes used as a synonym of Hell.[21]
Infernus
The Latin word infernus means "being underneath" and is often translated as "Hell".
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References
- ^ Numerous verses in the Qu'ran and New Testament.
- ^ Alighieri, Dante [c. 1315] (June 2001 (orig. trans. 1977)). "Cantos XXXI-XXXIV", Inferno, trans. John Ciardi, 2, New York: Penguin.
- ^ a b Barnhart, Robert K. The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology (1995) ISBN 0062700847
- ^ "Girl suspended for saying h-e-double-hockey-sticks", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 2004-02-05.
- ^ a b c d e f g Masumian, Farnaz (1995). Life After Death: A study of the afterlife in world religions. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 1-85168-074-8.
- ^ Bahá'u'lláh (1976). Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, pp. 157. ISBN 0-87743-187-6.
- ^ Bahá'u'lláh (1976). Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh. Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, pp. 162. ISBN 0-87743-187-6.
- ^ Revelation 20:11
- ^ Romans 6:23
- ^ New Bible Dictionary, "Hell", InterVarsity Press, 1996.
- ^ New Dictionary of Biblical Theology, "Hell", InterVarsity Press, 2000.
- ^ Evangelical Alliance Commission on Truth and Unity Among Evangelicals, The Nature of Hell, Paternoster, 2000.
- ^ Abu Ja^far al-warraq at-Tahawiyy. The Creed of At-Tahawiyy. c. 900.
- ^ Islam News Room. Retrieved on 2007-05-03.
- ^ Deut. 32:22, Deut. 32:36a & 39, II Sam. 22:6, Job 11:8, Job 26:6, Psalm 9:17, Psalm 16:10, Psalm 18:5, Psalm 55:15, Psalm 86:13, Ps. 116:3, Psalm 139:8, Prov. 5:5, Prov. 7:27, Prov. 9:18, Prov. 15:11, Prov. 15:24, Prov. 23:14, Prov. 27:20, Isa. 5:14, Isa. 14:9, Isa. 14:15, Isa. 28:15, Isa. 28:18, Isa. 57:9, Ezek. 31:16, Ezek. 31:17, Ezek. 32:21, Ezk. 32:27, Amos 9:2, Jonah 2:2, Hab. 2:5
- ^ Gen. 37:35, Gen. 42:38, Gen. 44:29, Gen. 44:31, I Sam. 2:6, I Kings 2:6, I Kings 2:9, Job 7:9, Job 14:13, Job 17:13, Job 21:13, Job 24:19, Psalm 6:5, Psalm 30:3, Psalm 31:17, Psalm 49:14, Psalm 49:14, Psalm 49:15, Psalm 88:3, Psalm 89:48, Prov. 1:12, Prov. 30:16, Ecc. 9:10, Song 8:6, Isa. 14:11, Isa. 38:10, Isa. 38:18, Ezek. 31:15, Hosea 13:14, Hosea 13:14, Psalm 141:7
- ^ Num. 16:30, Num. 16:33, Job 17:16
- ^ Mat. 5:29, Mat. 5:30, Matt. 10:28, Matt. 23:15, Matt. 23:33, Mark 9:43, Mark 9:45, Mark 9:47, Luke 12:5, Matt. 5:22, Matt. 18:9, Jas. 3:6
- ^ Matt. 11:23, Matt. 16:18, Luke 10:15/Mat. 11:23, Luke 16:23, Acts 2:27, Acts 2:31, Rev. 1:18, Rev. 6:8, Rev. 20:13, Rev. 20:14
- ^ I Cor. 15:55
- ^ Roget's Thesaurus, VI.V.2, "Hell"
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Further reading
- Jonathan Edwards, The Justice of God in the Damnation of Sinners. Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1846856723
- Thomas Boston, Hell. Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1846857485
- John Bunyan, A Few Sighs from Hell (Or The Groans of the Damned Soul). Diggory Press, ISBN 978-1846857270
- Metzeger, Bruce M. (ed); , Michael D. Coogan (ed) (1993). The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504645-5.
- Wiese, Bill. "23 Minutes in Hell". Lake Mary: Charisma House, 2006. p. 107.
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External links
- "Hell" & Endless Torments: Unfounded In Original Scriptures?
- Revelations of Heaven and Hell to 7 Columbian Youths.
- Eternal Home of the Chief of the Fallen Angels
- Christian Doctrines of Hell - statements from the Old Testament, New Testament, church fathers and modern denominations on Hell, plus common arguments for and against Hell.
- Translation Charts - From an argument against the existence of hell.
- Atheist Foundation of Australia – 666 words about hell.
- Hell as non-eternal (Universalist study)
- The Jehovah's Witnesses perspective
- Dying, Yamaraja and Yamadutas + terminal restlessness
- example Buddhist Hells
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Heaven and Hell
- The Jewish view of Hell
- A Guide To Getting Rid Of Demons
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