Heavy metal music
"Pull Harder on the Strings of Your Martyr"
Metalcore, an originally American hybrid of thrash metal, melodic death metal, and hardcore punk, emerged as a commercial force in 2002–3. It is rooted in the crossover thrash style developed by bands such as Suicidal Tendencies, Dirty Rotten Imbeciles, and Stormtroopers of Death in the mid-1980s.[151] Through the 1990s, metalcore was mostly an underground phenomenon, but by 2004 it had become popular enough that Killswitch Engage's The End of Heartache and Shadows Fall's The War Within debuted at numbers 21 and 20, respectively, on the Billboard album chart.[152] Bullet for My Valentine, from Wales, reached similar heights on the British album chart with The Poison (2005). In recent years, metalcore bands have received prominent slots at Ozzfest and Download Festival. Lamb of God, with a related blend of metal styles, broke into the Billboard top 10 in 2006 with Sacrament. The success of these bands and others such as Mastodon has inspired claims of a metal revival in the United States, dubbed by some critics the "New Wave of American Heavy Metal."[153]
In Europe, especially Germany and Scandinavia, metal continues to be broadly popular. Acts such as the thrash shredding group The Haunted, melodic death metal bands In Flames, Kalmah, and Children of Bodom, symphonic extreme metal acts Dimmu Borgir and Cradle of Filth, and power metal group HammerFall have been very successful in recent years. In English-speaking countries, the term "retro-metal" has been applied to such bands as England's The Darkness[154] and Australia's Wolfmother.[155] The Darkness's Permission to Land (2003), described as an "eerily realistic simulation of '80s metal and '70s glam,"[154] topped the UK charts, going quintuple platinum. Wolfmother's self-titled 2005 debut album had "Deep Purple-ish organs," "Jimmy Page-worthy chordal riffing," and lead singer Andrew Stockdale howling "notes that Robert Plant can't reach anymore."[155] "Woman," a track from the album, won for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 2007 Grammy Awards, while Slayer's "Eyes of the Insane" won for Best Metal Performance. In 2008, Slayer won the Best Metal Performance award again, for "Final Six".
[
See also
- Heavy metal fashion
- Heavy metal umlaut
- List of heavy metal bands
- List of heavy metal genres
- List of metal festivals
- Timeline of heavy metal
[
Sources
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- Berelian, Essi (2005). Rough Guide to Heavy Metal. Rough Guides. Foreword by Bruce Dickinson of Iron Maiden. ISBN 1-84353-415-0
- Berry, Mick and Jason Gianni (2003). The Drummer's Bible: How to Play Every Drum Style from Afro-Cuban to Zydeco. See Sharp Press. ISBN 1-884365-32-9
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- Kennedy, Michael (1985). The Oxford Dictionary of Music. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-1931-1333-3
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- Leguay, Stéphane (2006). "Metal Gothique," in Carnets Noirs, éditions E-dite, 3rd edition, ISBN 2-84608-176-X
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- Walser, Robert (1993). Running with the Devil: Power, Gender, and Madness in Heavy Metal Music. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6260-2
- Van Zoonen, Liesbet (2005). Entertaining The Citizen: When Politics and Popular Culture Converge. Rowan & Littlefield. ISBN 0-7425-2906-1
- Weinstein, Deena (1991). Heavy Metal: A Cultural Sociology. Lexington. ISBN 0-669-21837-5. Revised edition: (2000). Heavy Metal: The Music and its Culture. Da Capo. ISBN 0-306-80970-2
- Wilkerson, Mark Ian (2006). Amazing Journey: The Life of Pete Townshend. Bad News Press. ISBN 1-4116-7700-5
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- ^ a b Weinstein (2000), p. 25
- ^ a b c Weinstein (2000), p. 23
- ^ Weinstein (2000), p. 26
- ^ Cited in Weinstein (2000), p. 26
- ^ a b uao. "Sunday Morning Playlist: Heavy Metal". Blogcritics Magazine, February 19, 2006. Retrieved on November 16, 2007.
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- ^ a b Berry and Gianni (2003), p. 85
- ^ Burgess, Mick. "Dream Theater (Live)" Metal Express Radio, June 9, 2007. Retrieved on November 13, 2007.
- ^ Arnett (1996), p. 14
- ^ a b c Walser (1993), p. 9
- ^ Quoted in Waksman, Steve. "Metal, Punk, and Motörhead: Generic Crossover in the Heart of the Punk Explosion" Echo: A Music-Centered Journal 6.2 (fall 2004). Retrieved on November 15, 2007
- ^ "Master of Rhythm: The Importance of Tone and Right-hand Technique," Guitar Legends, April 1997, p. 99
- ^ Walser (1993), p. 2
- ^ See, e.g., Glossary of Guitar Terms Mel Bay Publications. Retrieved on November 15, 2007
- ^ "Shaping Up and Riffing Out: Using Major and Minor Power Chords to Add Colour to Your Parts," Guitar Legends, April 1997, p. 97
- ^ Schonbrun (2006), p. 22
- ^ Walser (1993), p. 46
- ^ Marshall, Wolf. "Power Lord—Climbing Chords, Evil Tritones, Giant Callouses," Guitar Legends, April 1997, p. 29
- ^ a b Dunn, Sam (2005). "Metal: A Headbanger's Journey". Warner Home Video (2006). Retrieved on March 19, 2007
- ^ The first explicit prohibition of that interval seems to occur with the "development of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal system which made B flat a diatonic note, namely as the 4th degree of the hexachordal on F. From then until the end of Renaissance the tritone, nicknamed the 'diabolus in musica', was regarded as an unstable interval and rejected as a consonance" (Sadie, Stanley [1980]. "Tritone", in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 1st ed. MacMillan, pp. 154–5. ISBN 0-333-23111-2. See also Arnold, Denis [1983]. "Tritone", in The New Oxford Companion to Music, Volume 1: A-J. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-311316-3). During the Baroque and Classical eras, the interval came to be accepted, though in a specific, controlled way. It is only during the Romantic era and in modern classical music that composers have used it freely, exploiting the evil connotations with which it is culturally associated.
- ^ Kennedy (1985), "Pedal Point," p. 540
- ^ In black metal, however, pedal point is seldom a component of the guitar riff itself, but is rather played in the background by the bass.
- ^ Walser (1993), p. 58
- ^ Historical classical music's true descendant is contemporary classical music.
- ^ See Cook and Dibben (2001), p. 56
- ^ Weinstein (1991), p. 36
- ^ See, e.g., Ewing and McCann (2006), pp. 104–113
- ^ Weinstein (2000), p. 27
- ^ Van Zoonen (2005), p. 40.
- ^ Weinstein (2000), p. 129
- ^ Rahman, Nader. "Hair Today Gone Tomorrow". Star Weekend Magazine, July 28, 2006. Retrieved on November 20, 2007.
- ^ Weinstein (2000), p. 127
- ^ a b c Covach, John. "Heavy Metal, Rap, and the Rise of Alternative Rock (1982–1992)" What's That Sound? An Introduction to Rock and its History (W. W. Norton). Retrieved on November 16, 2007.
- ^ "Hell Bent for Leather/Killing Machine Info Page", Judas Priest Info Pages.
- ^ Pospiszyl, Tomáš. "Heavy Metal". Umelec, January 2001. Retrieved on November 20, 2007.
- ^ Thompson (2007), p. 135; Blush, Steven. "American Hair Metal—Excerpts: Selected Images and Quotes". FeralHouse.com. Retrieved on November 25, 2007.
- ^ Strauss, Neil (1998-06-18). The Pop Life: End of a Life, End of an Era. New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-05-09.
- ^ Appleford, Steve. "Odyssey of the Devil Horns". MK Magazine, September 9, 2004. Retrieved on March 31, 2007.
- ^ Weinstein, p. 130
- ^ Weinstein, p. 95
- ^ Burroughs, William S. "Nova Express". New York: Grove Press, 1964. Pg. 112
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 10
- ^ Walser (1993), p. 8
- ^ Saunders, Mike (1970-11-12). Humble Pie: "Town and Country" (review). Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2007-12-17.
- ^ Saunders, Mike (May 1971). Sir Lord Baltimore's "Kingdom Come" (review). Creem. Retrieved on 2007-03-17.
- ^ Weinstein (1991), p. 19
- ^ Rockwell, John. New York Times, February 4, 1979, p. D22
- ^ Rockwell, John. New York Times, August 13, 1979, p. C16
- ^ Du Noyer (2003), pp. 96, 78
- ^ Pareles and Romanowski (1983), p. 4
- ^ Weinstein (1991), p. 18; Walser (1993), p. 9
- ^ Wilkerson (2006), p. 19.
- ^ a b c Walser (1993), p. 10
- ^ McMichael (2004), p. 112
- ^ Weinstein (1991), p. 16
- ^ Charlton (2003), pp. 232–33
- ^ McCleary (2004), pp. 240, 506.
- ^ Gene Santoro, quoted in Carson (2001), p. 86.
- ^ Blake (1997), p. 143
- ^ Though often identified now as "hard rock," the band's official debut album, Mountain Climbing (1970), placed 85th on the list of "Top 100 Metal Albums" compiled by Hit Parader in 1989. Grand Funk Railroad's Survival (1971) placed 72nd (Walser [1993], p. 174).
- ^ Whole Lotta Love. RollingStone.com (2003). Retrieved on 2007-04-03.
- ^ Charlton (2003), p. 239
- ^ di Perna, Alan. "The History of Hard Rock: The 70's." Guitar World. March 2001.
- ^ Charlton (2003), p. 241
- ^ Pareles and Romanowski (1983), p. 225
- ^ Pareles and Romanowski (1983), p. 1
- ^ Walker (2001), p. 297
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 54
- ^ Christe (2003), pp. 19–20
- ^ Walser (1993), p. 6
- ^ a b Walser (1993), p. 11
- ^ Christgau (1981), p. 49
- ^ Christe (2003), pp. 30, 33
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 33
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas, and Greg Prato. "Judas Priest". All Music Guide. Retrieved on 2007-04-30. "Genre—New Wave of British Heavy Metal. All Music Guide. Retrieved on 2007-03-17.
- ^ Weinstein (1991), p. 44
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 25
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 51
- ^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Quiet Riot". All Music Guide. Retrieved on March 25, 2007; Neely, Kim "Ratt". Rolling Stone. Retrieved on April 3, 2007; Barry Weber & Greg Prato. "Mötley Crüe". All Music Guide. Retrieved on April 3, 2007; Dolas, Yiannis. "Blackie Lawless Interview" Rockpages. Retrieved on April 3, 2007
- ^ Christe (2003), pp. 55–57
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 79
- ^ Weinstein (1991), p. 45
- ^ Walser (1993), p. 12
- ^ Walser (1993), pp. 12–13, 182 n. 35
- ^ Walser (1993), p. 14; Christe (2003), p. 170
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 165
- ^ Steve Pond (1988-10-20). Jane's Addiction: Nothing's Shocking. Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2007-05-01.
- ^ Weinstein (1991), p. 21
- ^ a b "Genre—Thrash Metal". All Music Guide. Retrieved on March 3, 2007.
- ^ Moynihan, Søderlind (1998), p. 26
- ^ Walser (1993), p.14
- ^ "Metallica—Artist Chart History"; "Megadeth—Artist Chart History"; "Anthrax—Artist Chart History". Billboard.com. Retrieved on April 7, 2007.
- ^ Lostprophets scoop rock honours. BBC News (2006-08-25). Retrieved on 2007-01-10.
- ^ Golden Gods Awards Winners. Metal Hammer (2006-06-13). Retrieved on 2007-01-10.
- ^ Moynihan, Søderlind (1998), p. 30; O'Neil (2001), p. 164
- ^ Walser (1993), p. 15
- ^ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Death—Biography". All Music Guide. Retrieved on November 23, 2007.
- ^ The Greatest Metal Bands of All Time—Slayer. MTVNews.com. Retrieved on February 27, 2008.
- ^ a b Moynihan, Søderlind (1998), p. 27
- ^ a b c Van Schaik, Mark. "Extreme Metal Drumming" Slagwerkkrant, March/April 2000. Retrieved on November 15, 2007.
- ^ a b "Genre—Death Metal/Black Metal". All Music Guide. Retrieved on February 27, 2007.
- ^ a b Moynihan, Søderlind (1998), p. 28
- ^ Moynihan, Søderlind (1998), p. 27
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 270
- ^ Jurek, Thom. "Striborg: Nefaria". All Music Guide. Retrieved on November 15, 2007
- ^ Moynihan, Søderlind (1998), p. 212
- ^ a b c Campion, Chris. "In the Face of Death". The Observer (UK), February 20, 2005. Retrieved on April 4, 2007.
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 276
- ^ Moynihan, Søderlind (1998), pp. 31–32
- ^ Moynihan, Søderlind (1998), pp. 271, 321, 326
- ^ Vikernes, Varg. "A Burzum Story: Part VI—The Music". Burzum.org, July 2005; "Is Black Metal Dead?". Dark Legions Archive. Both retrieved on April 4, 2007.
- ^ Genre—Symphonic Black Metal. All Music Guide. Retrieved on April 9, 2007.
- ^ Tepedelen, Adam. "Dimmu Borgir's 'Death Cult'". Rolling Stone, November 7, 2003. Retrieved on September 10, 2007.
- ^ Bennett, J. "Dimmu Borgir". Decibel, June 2007. Retrieved on September 10, 2007.
- ^ Begrand, Adrien. "Watain: Sworn to the Dark". PopMatters, June 19, 2007; Harris, Chris, and Jon Wiederhorn. "Metal File: Watain, Shadows Fall, Furze & More News That Rules". MTV.com, January 26, 2007. Both retrieved on September 10, 2007.
- ^ Freeman, Phil. "Deathspell Omega's Fas—Ite, Maledicti, In Ignem Aeternum". Village Voice, September 4, 2007; Jurek, Thom. "Deathspell Omega: Fas—Ite, Maledicti, In Ignem Aeternum". All Music Guide. Both retrieved on September 10, 2007
- ^ Stosuy, Brandon. "Xasthur: Subliminal Genocide". Pitchfork, October 10, 2006; Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Xasthur: Subliminal Genocide". All Music Guide. Both retrieved on September 10, 2007
- ^ "Genre - Power Metal". All Music Guide. Retrieved on March 20, 2007.
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 372
- ^ "Helloween - Biography". All Music Guide. Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
- ^ See, e.g., Reesman, Bryan. "HammerFall: Glory to the Brave". All Music Guide; Henderson, Alex. "DragonForce: Sonic Firestorm". All Music Guide. Both retrieved on November 11, 2007
- ^ "Genre - Progressive Metal". All Music Guide. Retrieved on March 20, 2007.
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 345
- ^ "The History of Doom metal". doom-metal.com. Retrieved on March 21, 2007.
- ^ Begrand, Adrien. "Blood and Thunder: The Profits of Doom". February 15, 2006. PopMatters.com. Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
- ^ a b Wray, John. "Heady Metal". New York Times, May 28, 2006. Retrieved on March 21, 2007.
- ^ Sharpe-Young (2007), pp. 246, 275; see also Stéphane Leguay, "Metal Gothique" in Carnets Noirs, éditions E-dite, 3e édition, 2006, ISBN 2-84608-176-X
- ^ Sharpe-Young (2007), p. 275
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 347
- ^ Jackowiak, Jason. "Hex: Or Printing in the Infernal Method". Splendid Magazine, September, 2005. Retrieved on March 21, 2007.
- ^ Christe (2003), pp. 304–6; Weinstein (1991), p. 278
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 231
- ^ Birchmeier, Jason. "Pantera". Allmusic.com. Retrieved on March 19, 2007.
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 305
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 312
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 322
- ^ a b Genre—Alternative Metal. All Music Guide. Retrieved on 2007-03-26.
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 224
- ^ Christe (2003), pp. 324–25
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 329
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 324
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 344
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 328
- ^ D'angelo, Joe (2003-01-24). Nu Metal Meltdown. MTV.com. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
- ^ Christe (2003), p. 184
- ^ Killswitch Engage. Roadrunner Records. Retrieved on March 17, 2007. Shadows Fall. Atlantic Records. Retrieved on March 17, 2007.
- ^ Sharpe-Young, Garry, New Wave of American Heavy Metal (link). Edward, James. The Ghosts of Glam Metal Past. Lamentations of the Flame Princess. Retrieved on 2008-04-27. Begrand, Adrien. Blood and Thunder: Regeneration. Popmatters. Retrieved on 2008-05-14.
- ^ a b The Darkness. All Music Guide. Retrieved on June 11, 2007.
- ^ a b Wolfmother. Rolling Stone, April 18, 2006. Retrieved on March 31, 2007.
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External links
- All Music Guide entry for heavy metal
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