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Gertrude Stein



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  1. ^ During most of her life, Gertrude lived on a trust income from funds her brother Michael very capably stewarded and invested. After their parents died, Michael handled the affairs of his four younger siblings, Gertrude the youngest, still in her teens.
  2. ^ Carl Van Vechten (music critic for the New York Times and then drama critic for the New York Press), and Henry McBride (art critic for the New York Sun), did much to further Stein's American reputation. (Mellow, 1974, pp. 197, 192). Both had wide-circulation newspaper platforms in which they frequently offered Gertude's name to the public. Of the art collection at 27 Rue de Fleurus, McBride commented: "in proportion to its size and quality ... [it is] just about the most potent of any that I have ever heard of in history." (Ibid. p. 193). McBride also made the observation that Gertrude "collected geniuses rather than masterpieces. She recognized them a long way off." (Ibid.)
  3. ^ Another early catalyst to Gertrude Stein's fame was Mabel Dodge Luhan. In 1911 Mildred Aldrich introduced Gertrude to Mabel Dodge Luhan and they began a short-lived but fruitful friendship which served as a catalyst to Gertrude's renown in the United States. Mabel was enthusiastic about Gertrude's sprawling The Makings of Americans and, at a time when Gertrude had much difficulty selling her writing to publishers, privately published 300 copies of Portrait of Mabel Dodge at Villa Curonia, (ibid.) a copy of which was valued at $25,000 in 2007 (James S. Jaffee Rare Books). Dodge was also involved in the publicity and planning of the 69th Armory Show in 1913, "the first avant-garde art exhibition in America." (Ibid.) In addition, she wrote the first critical analysis of Gertrude's writing to appear in America, in "Speculations, or Post-Impressionists in Prose", published in a special March 1913 publication of Arts and Decoration. (Mellow, 1974, at 170). Foreshadowing Gertrude's later critical reception, Mabel wrote in "Speculations":
    “ In Gertrude Stein's writing every word lives and, apart from concept, it is so exquisitely rhythmical and cadenced that if we read it aloud and receive it as pure sound, it is like a kind of sensuous music. Just as one may stop, for once, in a way, before a canvas of Picasso, and, letting one's reason sleep for an instant, may exclaim: "It is a fine pattern!" so, listening to Gertrude Steins' words and forgetting to try to understand what they mean, one submits to their gradual charm.(Ibid) ”
    Mabel attributed the break in their friendship to an exchange in the autumn of 1912 when, over lunch, Gertrude sent her "such a good strong look over the table that it seemed to cut across the air to me in a band of electrified steel--a smile traveling across on it--powerful--Heavens!" (Kellner, 1988, pp. 220-21.) Alice interpreted the look as a flirtation and left the room (ibid., p. 222), prompting Gertrude to follow, and when Gertrude returned, she said, "[Alice] doesn't want to come lunch ... She feels the heat today." (Mellow, 1974, p. 180)
  4. ^ (Mellow, 1974, pp.43-52)
  5. ^ Gauguin's Sunflowers is visible online at The Hermitage Museum's web site.
  6. ^ Three Tahitians is on display, and on-line at the National Galleries of Scotland
  7. ^ The particular Cézanne's Bathers is in the Cone Collection, Baltimore holdings.
  8. ^ (Mellow, 1974, p.62)
  9. ^ (Gertrude seated near sculpture and Cézanne's Bathers (1903-04))The MoMA catalog dates photo at 1905 (MoMA, 1970, p. 53) and places Bathers (1895) in the Cone Collection, Baltimore
  10. ^ (MoMA, 1970, p.26) The Delacroix painting is now in the Cone Collection, Baltimore. (Dorothy Kosinski et al., Matisse: Painter as Sculptor, p. 38 (Yale Univ. Press 2007).
  11. ^ This painting is now at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
  12. ^ Color plates of Young Girl with Basket of Flowers, or Jeune fille aux fleurs, appear in Hobhouse, 1975, at 68 and Burns, 1970, at 8. The painting is in a private collection, but was displayed in a 2003 Matisse/Picasso exhibit.
  13. ^ Museum of Modern Art, 1970, pp. 88-89 provides detailed black and white images of the paintings on the wall.
  14. ^ The first, the Paris Autumn Salon of 1905, introduced Fauvism to the Paris art public, to some shock and political cartooning. The second, the Armory Show of 1913, held in New York City, introduced Modern Art to the United States art public, accompanied by similar public disparagement.
  15. ^ The Steins holdings were eventually dispersed, by various methods and for various reasons, and over time.The Family Knew What It Liked.
  16. ^ (MoMA, 1970 at 28)
  17. ^ (Mellow, 1974, p. 84)
  18. ^ (Mellow, 1974, p. 94-95)
  19. ^ (Mellow, 1974, at 207-08). An image of "the Cézanne apples" appears in MoMA, 1970, Plate 19.
  20. ^ MoMA, 1970; The Collectors (about the Claribel and Etta Cone collection, with much on the Steins).
  21. ^ Alice's March 1967 obituary in the New York Times outlines some aspects of her relationship with Gertrude.
  22. ^ (Mellow, 1974, at 107-08) Alice B. Toklas Books and Writers
  23. ^ Mellow, 1974, at 109-14.
  24. ^ (Ibid., at 122).
  25. ^ (Mellow, 1974, at 149-51)
  26. ^ (Portraits and Prayers, 1934, at 105-07).
  27. ^ Someone Says Yes to It: Gertrude Stein, Alice B. Toklas, and "The Making of the Americans"; Janet Malcolm; The New Yorker, June 13 & 20, 2005; p.148-165 see p.164 for another description that Toklas gave of Stein's last words: "What is the question and before I could speak she went on--If there is no question then there is no answer".


Persondata
NAME Stein, Gertrude
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION American writer, poet
DATE OF BIRTH February 3, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Allegheny, Pennsylvania
DATE OF DEATH July 27, 1946
PLACE OF DEATH France



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