Horseshoe Orbit - An orbit that appears to a ground observer to be orbiting a planet but is actually in co-orbit with it. See asteroids 3753 (Cruithne) and 2002 AA₂₉.

Exo-orbit - A maneuver where a spacecraft approaches the height of orbit but lacks the velocity to sustain it.

Sub-Orbital Spaceflight - A synonym for Exo-orbit.

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Earth orbits

orbit	center-to-center distance	altitude above the Earth's surface	speed	period/time in space	specific orbital energy
minimum sub-orbital spaceflight (vertical)	6500 km	100 km	0.0 km/s	just reaching space	1.0 MJ/kg
ICBM	up to 7600 km	up to 1200 km	6 to 7 km/s	time in space: 25 min	27 MJ/kg
LEO	6,600 to 8,400 km	200 to 2000 km	circular orbit: 6.9 to 7.8 km/s elliptic orbit: 6.5 to 8.2 km/s	89 to 128 min	32.1 to 38.6 MJ/kg
Molniya orbit	6,900 to 46,300 km	500 to 39,900 km	1.5 to 10.0 km/s	11 h 58 min	54.8 MJ/kg
GEO	42,000 km	35,786 km	3.1 km/s	23 h 56 min	57.5 MJ/kg
Orbit of the Moon	363,000 to 406,000 km	357,000 to 399,000 km	0.97 to 1.08 km/s	27.3 days	61.8 MJ/kg

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See also

• List of orbits
• Astronomy
• Astrodynamics
• Celestial sphere
• Orbit
• Heliocentric orbit
• Areosynchronous satellite
• Areostationary satellite
• Escape velocity
• Satellite

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References

• Satellite Situation Report. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (2000-02-01). Retrieved on 2006-09-10.
• http://www.freemars.org/jeff/speed/index.htm
• http://www.tech-faq.com/medium-earth-orbit.shtml
• http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/conghand/traject.htm
• http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/solarsystem/second_moon_991029.html
• http://www.astro.uwo.ca/~wiegert/3753/3753.html
• http://www.astro.uwo.ca/~wiegert/AA29/AA29.html

v • d • e Orbits   Types General Box · Capture · Circular · Elliptical / Highly elliptical · Escape · Graveyard · Hyperbolic trajectory · Inclined / Non-inclined · Osculating · Parabolic trajectory · Parking · Synchronous (semi · sub) Geocentric Geosynchronous · Geostationary · Sun-synchronous · Low Earth · Medium Earth · Molniya · Near-equatorial · Orbit of the Moon · Polar · Tundra Other Areosynchronous · Areostationary · Halo · Lissajous · Lunar · Heliocentric · Heliosynchronous   Parameters Classical Other Inclination Argument of periapsis True anomaly Mean longitude Longitude of the ascending node Semi-major axis Semi-minor axis True longitude Eccentricity Mean anomaly at epoch Linear eccentricity Orbital period Eccentric anomaly   Maneuvers Bi-elliptic transfer · Geostationary transfer · Gravity assist · Hohmann transfer · Inclination change · Phasing · Rendezvous · Transposition, docking, and extraction   Other orbital mechanics topics Apsis · Celestial coordinate system · Delta-v budget · Epoch · Ephemeris · Equatorial coordinate system · Gravity turn · Ground track · Interplanetary Transport Network · Kepler's laws of planetary motion · Lagrangian point · Low energy transfers · n-body problem · Oberth effect · Orbit equation · Orbital state vectors · Perturbation · Retrograde and direct motion · Specific orbital energy · Specific relative angular momentum List of orbits

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