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Franco-Prussian War



Proclamation of the German Empire
Proclamation of the German Empire

The creation of a unified German Empire ended the "balance of power" that had been created with the Congress of Vienna after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Countries previously without a General Staff or a system of universal conscription soon adopted both, along with developments in logistics, military use of railways,[8] and the telegraph system, all proven by the German victory to be indispensable. Germany quickly established itself as the main power in Europe with one of the most powerful and professional armies in the world. Although the United Kingdom remained the dominant world power, British involvement in European affairs during the late 19th century was very limited, allowing Germany to exercise great influence over the European mainland. Besides, the Crown Prince's marriage with the daughter of Queen Victoria was only the most prominent of several German-British relationships.

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Notes

  1. ^ Howard, Michael (1991). The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France 1870–1871. Routledge, 39. ISBN 0-415-26671-8. 
  2. ^ Howard(1991). p. 39
  3. ^ Wawro(2003), p. 42.
  4. ^ Nolte, Frédérick (1884). L'Europe militaire et diplomatique au dix-neuvième siècle, 1815-1884. E. Plon, Nourrit et ce., 527. 
  5. ^ Nolte(1884). pp. 526-527
  6. ^ Howard(1991). p. 453
  7. ^ Taithe, Bertrand (2001). Citizenship and Wars: France in Turmoil 1056-1871. Routledge. 
  8. ^ a b In Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton (1977), Martin van Creveld argues that the significance of Moltke's use of railways has been somewhat exaggerated:

    There is no doubt that the German siege and bombardment of Paris, involving as they did the concentration in a small space of very large masses of men and heavy expenditure of artillery ammunition, would have been wholly impossible without the railways. Also, the view that the German use of the railways to deploy their forces at the opening of the campaign as a supreme masterpiece of the military art is amply justified, though we have seen that this triumph was only achieved at the cost of disrupting the train apparatus before the war against France even got under way. Between these two phases of the struggle, however, the railways do not seem to have played a very important role, partly because of difficulties with the lines themselves and partly because of the impossibility of keeping the railheads within a reasonable distance of the advancing troops. Most surprising, however, is the fact that none of this had much influence on the course of operations, or indeed caused Moltke any great concern... (p.96)

  9. ^ Wawro(2003), p. 46.
  10. ^ Howard(1991), p. 39.
  11. ^ McElwee, William (1974). The Art of War: From Waterloo to Mons. Indiana University Press, 139. 
  12. ^ Howard(1991), p. 36.
  13. ^ a b Wawro(2003), p. 58.
  14. ^ Michael J. West. Spectacular Ideology: The Parisian Expositions Universelles and the Formation of National Cultural Identity, 1855-1937.
  15. ^ Manchester, William (1981). The Arms of Krupp: 1587-1968. Bantam Books, 95, 117, 130, 131. 
  16. ^ Howard(1991), p. 63.
  17. ^ McElwee(1974), p. 46.
  18. ^ Howard(1991), pp. 18-19.
  19. ^ Wawro(2003), p. 41.
  20. ^ McElwee(1974), p. 107.
  21. ^ McElwee(1974), pp. 140-141.
  22. ^ Howard(1991), pp. 60-62.
  23. ^ Howard(1991), p. 25.
  24. ^ Rüstow, Wilhelm; John Layland Needham (1872). The War for the Rhine Frontier, 1870: Its Political and Military History. Blackwood, 229-235.. 
  25. ^ Wawro(2003), pp. 190-192.
  26. ^ a b Wawro(2003), p. 192.
  27. ^ Maurice, John Frederick; Wilfred James Long (1900). The Franco-German War, 1870-71. S. Sonnenschein and Co., 587-588. 
  28. ^ Rüstow(1872), p. 243.
  29. ^ Howard(1991), p. 78.
  30. ^ Wawro(2003), pp. 66-67.
  31. ^ Howard(1991), pp. 47, 48, 60.
  32. ^ Wawro(2003), pp. 85, 86, 90.
  33. ^ Wawro(2003), pp. 87, 90.
  34. ^ Wawro(2003), p. 94
  35. ^ Howard(1991), p. 82.
  36. ^ Harper's Weekly (1870) Dec 3, p. 782.
  37. ^ Wawro(2003), p. 95.
  38. ^ Howard(1991), pp. 100-101.
  39. ^ Howard(1991), p. 101.
  40. ^ Wawro(2003), pp. 97-98, 101.
  41. ^ Wawro(2003), pp. 101-103.
  42. ^ Wawro(2003), p. 108.
  43. ^ Howard(1991), pp. 87-88.
  44. ^ Howard(1991), pp. 89-90.
  45. ^ Howard(1991), pp. 92-93.
  46. ^ Howard(1991), pp. 98-99.
  47. ^ Howard(1991), p. 116
  48. ^ Craig, Gordon A. (1980). Germany: 1866-1945. Oxford University Press, 31. 
  49. ^ Ridley, Jasper (1976). Garibaldi. Viking Press, 602. 
  50. ^ Taylor(1988), p. 133.

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External links

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References

  • Baumont, Maurice. Gloires et tragédies de la IIIe République. Hachette, 1956.
  • Bresler, Fenton. Napoleon III: A Life. New York: Carroll & Graf, 1999. ISBN 0-7867-0660-0
  • Craig, Gordon A. Germany: 1866-1945. Oxford University Press, 1980.
  • De Cesare, Raffaele. The Last Days of Papal Rome. Archibald Constable & Co, 1909.
  • Howard, Michael. The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France 1870–1871. New York: Routledge, 2001. ISBN 0-415-26671-8.
  • Jelavich, Barbara. Russia and the Formation of the Romanian National State, 1821-1878. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
  • Jerrold, Blanchard. The Life of Napoleon III. Longmans, Green & Co.,1882.
  • Kleinschmidt, Arthur. Drei Jahrhunderte russischer Geschichte. J. Räde, 1898.
  • Lowe, William Joseph The Nest in the Altar or Reminiscences of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 reprinted by Chapter Two, London in 1999, ISBN 1-85307-123-4.
  • Manchester, William. The Arms of Krupp: 1587-1968. Bantam Books, 1981.
  • Martin, Henri; Abby Langdon Alger. A Popular History of France from the First Revolution to the Present Time. D. Estes and C.E. Lauriat, 1882.
  • Maurice, John Frederick; Wilfred James Long. The Franco-German War, 1870-71. S. Sonnenschein and Co., 1900.
  • McElwee, William. The Art of War: Waterloo to Mons. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1974. ISBN 0-253-20214-0
  • Nolte, Frédérick. L'Europe militaire et diplomatique au dix-neuvième siècle, 1815-1884 E. Plon, Nourrit et ce, 1884.
  • Radzinsky, Edvard. Alexander II: The Last Great Tsar. Simon and Schuster, 2005.
  • Ridley, Jasper. Garibaldi. Viking Press, 1976.
  • Robertson, Charles Grant. Bismarck. H. Holt and Co, 1919.
  • Rüstow, Wilhelm; John Layland Needham. The War for the Rhine Frontier, 1870: Its Political and Military History. Blackwood, 1872.
  • Taithe, Bertrand. Citizenship and Wars: France in Turmoil 1870-1871. Routledge, 2001.
  • Taylor, A.J.P. Bismarck: The Man and the Statesman. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1988. ISBN 0-241-11565-5
  • Wawro, Geoffrey. The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870-1871 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-521-58436-1
  • van Creveld, Martin. Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. ISBN 0-521-29793-1



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