Finance          Automotive          Computers          Health          Shopping          Sports         News          Reference           Print Facts in English - BCUZ.COMlos hechos en Español

Formula One



Most F1 drivers retire before their mid-30s; however, many keep racing in disciplines which are less physically demanding. The DTM is a popular category involving ex-drivers such as two-times F1 champion Mika Häkkinen and Jean Alesi, and some F1 drivers "crossed the pond" to race in America – Nigel Mansell and Emerson Fittipaldi duelled for the 1993 IndyCar title, and Juan Pablo Montoya, Scott Speed and Jacques Villeneuve have moved to NASCAR. Some drivers have gone to A1GP, and some, such as Gerhard Berger and Alain Prost, returned to F1 as team owners. In 2005, though, a new series appeared, Grand Prix Masters, pitting retired grand prix drivers against each other, with the requirement that the drivers be over 40 and have been retired at least two years.[citation needed] However the series fell into financial difficulty in 2007, and ceased running.

[

Grands Prix

See also: List of Formula One Grands Prix
Cars wind through the infield section of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway at the 2003 United States Grand Prix.
Cars wind through the infield section of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway at the 2003 United States Grand Prix.
Nick Heidfeld and Nico Rosberg on the street circuit of Albert Park in the 2008 Australian Grand Prix
Nick Heidfeld and Nico Rosberg on the street circuit of Albert Park in the 2008 Australian Grand Prix

The number of Grands Prix held in a season has varied over the years. Only seven races comprised the inaugural 1950 world championship season; over the years the calendar has almost tripled in size. Though the number of races had stayed at sixteen or seventeen since the 1980s, it reached nineteen in 2005.

Six of the original seven races took place in Europe; the only non-European race that counted towards the World Championship in 1950 was the Indianapolis 500, which, due to lack of participation by F1 teams, since it required cars with different specifications from the other races, was later replaced by the United States Grand Prix. The F1 championship gradually expanded to other non-European countries as well. Argentina hosted the first South American grand prix in 1953, and Morocco hosted the first African World Championship race in 1958. Asia (Japan in 1976) and Oceania (Australia in 1985) followed. The current eighteen races are spread over the continents of Europe, Asia, Australia, North America and South America.

Traditionally each nation has hosted a single Grand Prix, which carries the name of the country. If a single country hosts multiple Grands Prix in a year they receive different names. For instance, a European country (such as Britain, Germany or Spain) which has hosted two Grands Prix has the second one known as the European Grand Prix, while Italy's second grand prix was named after nearby republic of San Marino. Similarly, as two races were scheduled in Japan in 1994/95, the second event was known as the Pacific Grand Prix. In 1982 the United States hosted three Grands Prix.

The Grands Prix, some of which have a history that pre-dates the Formula One World Championship, are not always held on the same circuit every year. The British Grand Prix, for example, though held every year since 1950, alternated between Brands Hatch and Silverstone from 1963 to 1986. The only other race to have been included in every season is the Italian Grand Prix. The World Championship event has taken place exclusively at Monza with just one exception: in 1980, it was held at Imola, host to the San Marino Grand Prix until 2006.

One of the newest races on the Grand Prix calendar, held in Bahrain, represents Formula One's first foray into the Middle East with a high-tech purpose-built desert track. The Bahrain Grand Prix, and other new races in China and Turkey, present new opportunities for the growth and evolution of the Formula One Grand Prix franchise while new facilities also raise the bar for other Formula One racing venues around the world. In order to make room on the schedule for the newer races, older or less successful events in Europe and the Americas have been dropped from the calendar, such as these in Argentina, Austria, Mexico, San Marino, and the United States.

In 2007 it was confirmed that new Grands Prix would be added to the calendar. The first was the Singapore Grand Prix which will be held in Singapore.[34] The second was the Indian Grand Prix which will be held in Delhi, India.[35] Other changes included the removal of the United States Grand Prix from the calendar,[36] and the move of the European Grand Prix to Valencia, Spain.[37]

[

Circuits

 This article does not cite any references or sources. (November 2007)
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.
See also: List of Formula One circuits
The Autodromo Nazionale Monza, home to the Italian Grand Prix, is one of the oldest circuits still in use in Formula One.
The Autodromo Nazionale Monza, home to the Italian Grand Prix, is one of the oldest circuits still in use in Formula One.

A typical circuit usually features a stretch of straight road on which the starting grid is situated. The pit lane, where the drivers stop for fuel and tyres during the race, and where the teams work on the cars before the race, is normally located next to the starting grid. The layout of the rest of the circuit varies widely, although in most cases the circuit runs in a clockwise direction. Those few circuits that run anticlockwise (and therefore have predominantly left-handed corners) can cause drivers neck problems due to the enormous lateral forces generated by F1 cars pulling their heads in the opposite direction to normal.

Most of the circuits currently in use are specially constructed for competition. The current street circuits are the Circuit de Monaco and Melbourne, although races in other urban locations come and go (Las Vegas and Detroit, for example) and proposals for such races are often discussed – most recently London and Beirut. Several other circuits are also completely or partially laid out on public roads, such as Spa-Francorchamps. The glamour and history of the Monaco race are the primary reasons why the circuit is still in use, since it is thought not to meet the strict safety requirements imposed on other tracks. Three-time World champion Nelson Piquet famously described racing in Monaco as "like riding a bicycle around your living room".

A map showing countries which have and/or will host Formula One Grands Prix.
A map showing countries which have and/or will host Formula One Grands Prix.

Circuit design to protect the safety of drivers is becoming increasingly sophisticated, as exemplified by the new Bahrain International Circuit, added in 2004 and designed – like most of F1's new circuits – by Hermann Tilke. Several of the new circuits in F1, especially those designed by Tilke, have been criticised as lacking the "flow" of such classics as Spa-Francorchamps and Imola. His redesign of the Hockenheim circuit in Germany for example, while providing more capacity for grandstands and eliminating extremely long and dangerous straights, has been frowned upon by many who argue that part of the character of the Hockenheim circuits was the long and blinding straights into dark forest sections. These newer circuits, however, are generally agreed to meet the safety standards of modern Formula One better than the older ones.

The most recent addition to the F1 calendar is Istanbul Park in Turkey, which first staged an F1 race in 2005. The next confirmed additions for the 2008 Formula One season will be street races in Valencia[37] and Singapore (the latter set to be the host of the first night race in F1 history)[38]

A Formula 1 Grand Prix will be held in India for the first time in 2010.[39]

[

Cars and technology

 This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2007)
Main article: Formula One car

Modern Formula One cars are mid-engined open cockpit, open wheel single-seaters. The chassis is made largely of carbon fibre composites, rendering it light but extremely stiff and strong. The whole car, including engine, fluids and driver, weighs only 600kg. In fact this is the minimum weight set by the regulations – the cars are so light that they often have to be ballasted up to this minimum weight. The race teams take advantage of this by placing this ballast at the extreme bottom of the chassis, thereby locating the centre of gravity as low as possible in order to improve handling and weight transfer.[40]

The cornering speed of Formula One cars is largely determined by the aerodynamic downforce that they generate, which pushes the car down onto the track. This is provided by 'wings' mounted at the front and rear of the vehicle, and by ground effect created by the movement of air under the flat bottom of the car. The aerodynamic design of the cars is very heavily constrained to limit performance and the current generation of cars sport a large number of small winglets, 'barge boards' and turning vanes designed to closely control the flow of the air over, under and around the car. The 'barge boards' in particular are designed, shaped, configured, adjusted and positioned not to create downforce directly, as with a conventional wing or underbody venturi, but to create vortices from the air spillage at their edges. The use of vortices is a significant feature of the latest breeds of F1 cars. Since a vortex is a rotating fluid that creates a low pressure zone at its centre, creating vortices lowers the overall local pressure of the air. Since low pressure is what is desired under the car, as it allows normal atmospheric pressure to press the car down from the top, by creating vortices downforce can be augmented while still staying within the rules.

The other major factor controlling the cornering speed of the cars is the design of the tyres. Tyres in Formula One are not 'slicks' (tyres with no tread pattern) as in most other circuit racing series. Each tyre has four large circumferential grooves on its surface designed to further limit the cornering speed of the cars. Suspension is double wishbone or multilink all round with pushrod operated springs and dampers on the chassis. Carbon-Ceramic disc brakes are used for reduced weight and increased frictional performance. These provide a very high level of braking performance and are usually the element which provokes the greatest reaction from drivers new to the formula.

Engines are mandated as 2.4 litre naturally aspirated V8s, with many other constraints on their design and the materials that may be used. The 2006 generation of engines spun up to 20,000 rpm and produced up to 780 bhp (582 kW).[41] The previous generation of 3 litre V10 engines are also allowed, albeit with their revs limited and with an air restrictor to limit performance. Engines run on unleaded fuel closely resembling publicly available petrol. [42] The oil which lubricates and protects the engine from overheating is very similar in viscosity to water. For 2007 the V8 engines are restricted to 19,000 rpm with limited development areas allowed, following the engine specification freeze from the end of 2006. [43]

A wide variety of technologies – including active suspension, ground effect aerodynamics and turbochargers – are banned under the current regulations. Despite this the 2006 generation of cars can reach speeds of up to 350 km/h (around 220 mph) at some circuits (Monza).[44] A Honda Formula One car, running with minimum downforce on a runway in the Mojave desert achieved a top speed of 415 km/h (258 mph) in 2006. According to Honda the car fully met the FIA Formula One regulations.[45] Even with the limitations on aerodynamics, at 160 km/h aerodynamically generated downforce is equal to the weight of the car and the often repeated claim that Formula One cars create enough downforce to 'drive on the ceiling' remains true in principle, although it has never been put to the test. At full speed downforce of two and a half times the car's weight can be achieved. The downforce means that the cars can achieve a lateral force of up to five times the force of gravity (5 "g") in cornering – a high-performance road car like the Ferrari Enzo only achieves around 1 "g".[46] Consequently in corners the driver's head is pulled sideways with a force equivalent to 20kg. Such high lateral forces are enough to make breathing difficult and the drivers need supreme concentration and fitness to maintain their focus for the one to two hours that it takes to cover 305km.

[

Cost of Formula One

Estimated budget split of an F1 team based on the 2006 season
Estimated budget split of an F1 team based on the 2006 season

In March 2007 F1 Racing published its annual estimates of spending by Formula One teams. The total spending of all eleven teams in 2006 was estimated at $2.9 billion. This was broken down as follows; Toyota $418.5 million, Ferrari $406.5 m, McLaren $402 m, Honda $380.5 m, BMW Sauber $355 m, Renault $324 m, Red Bull $252 m, Williams $195.5 m, Midland F1/Spyker-MF1 $120 m, Toro Rosso $75 m, and Super Aguri $57 million.

Costs vary greatly from team to team; in 2006 teams such as Honda, Toyota, McLaren-Mercedes and Ferrari are estimated to have spent approximately $200 million on engines, Renault spent approximately $125 million and Cosworth's 2006 V8 was developed for $15 million.[47] In contrast to the 2006 season on which these figures are based, the 2007 sporting regulations ban all performance related engine development.[48]

[

Future of Formula One

 This article does not cite any references or sources. (November 2007)
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.
Main article: Future of Formula One
See also: 2008 Formula One season and 2009 Formula One season

Formula One went through a difficult period in the early 2000s. Viewing figures dropped, and fans expressed their loss of interest due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari. Viewing figures are seeing some signs of recovery due to the varied 2005, 2006 and 2007 seasons. Ferrari's dominance ended in 2005 as Renault became the top team in Formula One, with Fernando Alonso becoming the new World Champion. There has since been a resurgence of interest in the sport and twenty-two teams applied for the final twelfth team spot available for the 2008 season. The spot was eventually awarded to former B.A.R. and Benetton team principal David Richards' Prodrive organization, but the team pulled out of the 2008 season in November 2007.

The FIA is responsible for making rules to combat the spiralling costs of Formula One racing (which affects the smaller teams the most) and for ensuring the sport remains as safe as possible. To this end the FIA recently instituted a number of rule changes, including new tyre restrictions, multi-race engines and reductions on downforce. Safety and cost have traditionally been paramount in all rule-change discussions. More recently the FIA has added efficiency to its priorities. Currently the FIA and manufacturers are discussing adding bio-fuel engines and regenerative braking for the 2011 season. FIA President Max Mosley believes F1 must focus on efficiency to stay technologically relevant in the automotive industry as well as keep the public excited about F1 technology.

After being banned since 1998, slick tyres are likely to return to Formula One racing in 2009.[49]

In the interest of making the sport truer to its designation as a World Championship, FOM president Bernie Ecclestone has initiated and organised a number of Grands Prix in new countries and continues to discuss new future races. The sport's rapid expansion into new areas of the globe also leaves some question as to which races will be cut.

[

Formula One and television

See also: List of Formula One broadcasters

Formula One can be seen live or tape delayed in almost every country and territory around the world and attracts one of the largest global television audiences. The 2006 Brazilian Grand Prix attracted an average live global TV audience of eighty-three million viewers, with a total of 154 million viewers tuning in to watch at least some part of the event.[50] Official figures from FOM for 2006 that state Formula One television broadcasts were witnessed by 580 million unique viewers during the 2005 season[51] and average viewing figures for 1995–1999 were fifty thousand million.[52] It is a massive television event, the cumulative television audience was calculated to be 5.4 billion for 2001 season, broadcast to two hundred countries.[53]

In 2005 the Canadian Grand Prix in Montréal was the most watched of the races, and the third most watched sporting event in the world.[54]

During the early 2000s Formula One Administration created a number of trademarks, an official logo, and an official website for the sport in an attempt to give it a corporate identity. Ecclestone experimented with a digital television package (known colloquially as Bernievision), which was launched at the 1996 German Grand Prix in cooperation with German digital television service "DF1", thirty years after the first GP colour TV broadcast, the 1967 German Grand Prix. This service offered the viewer several simultaneous feeds (such as super signal, onboard, top of field, backfield, highlights, pit lane, timing), which were produced with cameras, technical equipment and staff different from those used for the conventional coverage. It was introduced in many countries over the years, but was shut down after the 2002 season for financial reasons.

TV stations all take what is known as the 'World Feed', either produced by the FOM (Formula One Management) or the 'host broadcaster'. The only station that has any difference is 'Premiere' – a German channel that offers all sessions live and interactive, with features such as the onboard channel. This service was more widely available around Europe until the end of 2002, when the cost of a whole different feed for the digital interactive services was thought too much. This was in large part because of the failure of the 'F1 Digital +' Channel launched through Sky Digital in the United Kingdom. Prices were too high for viewers, considering they could watch both the qualifying and the races themselves for free on ITV.

Bernie Ecclestone has announced that F1 will adopt the HD format near the end of the 2007 season. However, details of the races to be covered and the means of showing the content have yet to be announced.[55]

[

Distinction between Formula One and World Championship races

Currently the terms "Formula One race" and "World Championship race" are effectively synonymous; since 1984, every Formula One race has counted towards the World Championship, and every World Championship race has been to Formula One regulations. But the two terms are not interchangeable. Consider that:

  • the first Formula One race was held in 1947, whereas the World Championship did not start until 1950.
  • in the 1950s and 1960s there were many Formula One races which did not count for the World Championship (e.g., in 1950, a total of twenty-two Formula One races were held, of which only six counted towards the World Championship). The number of non-championship Formula One events decreased throughout the 1970s and 1980s, to the point where the last non-championship Formula One race was held in 1983.
  • the World Championship was not always exclusively composed of Formula One events:
    • The World Championship was originally established as the "World Championship for Drivers", i.e., without the term "Formula One" in the title. It only officially became the Formula One World Championship in 1981.
    • From 1950 to 1960, the Indianapolis 500 counted towards the World Championship. This race was run to AAA/USAC regulations, rather than to Formula One regulations.
    • From 1952 to 1953, all races counting towards the World Championship (except the Indianapolis 500) were run to Formula Two regulations. Note that Formula One was not "changed to Formula Two" during this period; the Formula One regulations remained the same, and numerous Formula One races were staged during this time.

The distinction is most relevant when considering career summaries and "all time lists". For example, in the List of Formula One drivers, Clemente Biondetti is shown with 1 race against his name. Biondetti actually competed in four Formula One races in 1950, but only one of these counted for the World Championship. Similarly, several Indy 500 winners technically won their first world championship race, though most record books choose to ignore this and instead only record regular participants.

[

See also

Formula One Portal

[

Notes

  1. ^ The formula was defined in 1946; the first Formula One race was in 1947; the first World Championship season was 1950.
  2. ^ a b The last of the non-championship races. www.forix.com. Archived from the original on 2007-02-27. Retrieved on 2007-11-17.
  3. ^ Lawton, James. "Moss can guide Hamilton through chicane of celebrity", The Independent, Newspaper Publishing, 2007-08-28. Retrieved on 2007-10-30. 
  4. ^ Henry, Alan. "Hamilton's chance to hit the grid running", The Guardian, 2007-03-12. Retrieved on 2007-10-30. 
  5. ^ Decade seasons 1950 - 1959. Autocourse. Archived from the original on 2007-08-07. Retrieved on 2007-11-17.
  6. ^ Tuckey, Bill. "Moss returns to scene of GP victory", The Age, The Age Company, 1994-01-28. Retrieved on 2007-10-30. "the all-conquering Mercedes-Benz cars... When the Germans withdrew from racing after the Le Mans 24-hour tragedy" 
  7. ^ Ferguson P99. gpracing.net. Archived from the original on 2006-02-25. Retrieved on 2007-11-17. The Ferguson P99, a four-wheel drive design, was the last front-engined F1 car to enter a world championship race. It was entered in the 1961 British Grand Prix, the only front-engined car to compete that year.
  8. ^ Jan Bartunek, Robert (2007-09-18). Sponsorship, the big business behind F1. CNN.com. Cable News Network. Retrieved on 2007-11-08.
  9. ^ Staniforth, Allan (1994). Competition Car Suspension. Haynes, 96. ISBN 0-85429-956-4. 
  10. ^ a b c Williams, Richard. "The Formula for Striking It Rich", The Guardian, Guardian Newspapers, 1997-03-28. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. 
  11. ^ a b "Face value: Mr Formula", The Economist, Economist Newspapers, 1997-03-05, p. 72. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. 
  12. ^ Blunsden, John. "Filling Balestre's shoes is no job for a back-seat driver", Financial Times, 1986-12-20. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. 
  13. ^ Roebuck, Nigel "Power struggles and techno wars" Sunday Times 1993-03-07
  14. ^ Hamilton, Maurice. "Pros and cons of being just Williams; A quiet achiever keeps his head down as the new season gets under way with familiar high anxiety and a squealing over brakes", The Observer, Guardian Newspapers, 1998-03-08. Retrieved on 2007-11-08. 
  15. ^ Bamsey, Ian; Benzing, Enrico; Stanniforth, Allan; Lawrence, Mike (1988). The 1000 BHP Grand Prix cars. Guild Publishing, 8–9. ISBN 0854296174.  BMW's performance at the Italian GP is the highest qualifying figure given in Bamsey. The estimate is from Heini Mader, who maintained the engines for the Benetton team. It should be noted that maximum power figures from this period are necessarily estimates; BMW's dynamometer, for example, was only capable of measuring up to 1,100 bhp. Figures higher than this are estimated from engine plenum pressure readings. Power in race trim at that time was lower than for qualifying due to the need for greater reliability and fuel efficiency during the race.
  16. ^ "The technology behind Formula 1 racing cars", The Press, The Christchurch Press Company, 2005-12-26. Retrieved on 2007-10-30. "rivalling the 1200hp turbocharged monsters that eventually had to be banned in 1989" 
  17. ^ Baldwin, Alan. "F1 Plans Return of Traction Control", The Independent, Newspaper Publishing, 2001-02-17. Retrieved on 2007-10-30. 
  18. ^ Who owns what in F1 these days?. Grandprix.com. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. Retrieved on 2007-11-17.
  19. ^ a b F1's pressing safety question. Retrieved on 2007-12-26.
  20. ^ Bishop, Matt. "Pedal to Metal", The Best of F1 Racing 1996–2006, Haymarket Magazines, p. 66. Retrieved on 2006-08-31. 
  21. ^ Jordan: Privateer era is over. ITV-F1.com (2006-08-24). Retrieved on 2006-09-12.
  22. ^ Schumacher makes history. BBC Sport (2002-07-21). Retrieved on 2006-09-12.
  23. ^ FIA Rules & Regulations Sporting Regulations: 2006 season changes. www.formula1.com. Retrieved on 2006-05-11.
  24. ^ The last of the non-championship races. www.forix.com. Archived from the original on 2006-10-17. Retrieved on 2007-11-17.
  25. ^ Desiré Wilson. www.f1rejects.com. Archived from the original on 2007-06-05. Retrieved on 2007-11-17.
  26. ^ "Qualifying revised from this weekend", www.formula1.com, 2006-06-13. Retrieved on 2006-10-03. 
  27. ^ "FIA Rules & Regulations Sporting Regulations: 2006 season changes", www.formula1.com. Retrieved on 2006-10-03. 
  28. ^ "FIA Rules & Regulations Sporting Regulations: 2008 season changes", www.formula1.com. Retrieved on 2008-05-23. 
  29. ^ Bridgestone revise tyre markings for Malaysia.
  30. ^ Formula 1 : Interview - Toro Rosso’s Gerhard Berger. Formula 1 (23 May 2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-23.
  31. ^ Formula 1 : News Cosworth - F1-Live.com
  32. ^ McLaren is F1's biggest spender. F1i (16 June 2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-07.
  33. ^ Jack Brabham, F1 champion in 1959, 1960 and 1966, won the French Formula Two championship in 1966, but there was no international F2 championship that year.
  34. ^ The Official Formula 1 Website
  35. ^ The Official Formula 1 Website
  36. ^ Indianapolis Motor Speedway
  37. ^ a b The Official Formula 1 Website
  38. ^ The Official Formula 1 Website: Singapore confirms 2008 night race
  39. ^ The Official Formula 1 Website: India to host first Grand Prix in New Delhi in 2010
  40. ^ FIA Sporting Regulations - Scrutineering and weighing. Formula 1. Retrieved on 2008-05-23.
  41. ^ Renault F1 engine listing [1], Retrieved 1 June 2007
  42. ^ FIA Sporting Regulations - Fuel. Formula 1. Retrieved on 2008-05-23.
  43. ^ FIA Sporting Regulations - Engine. Formula 1. Retrieved on 2008-05-23.
  44. ^ Grand Prix of Italy www.fia.comRetrieved 12 October 2006
  45. ^ Challenge Alan [2], Retrieved 20 January 2007
  46. ^ Ferrari Enzo www.fast-autos.net Retrieved 15 March 2007
  47. ^ "The real cost of F1" F1 Racing (March 2007) Haymarket Publishing
  48. ^ 2007 FIA Regulations. www.mclaren.com. Vodafone McLaren Mercedes. Retrieved on 2007-05-23.
  49. ^ "F1 teams to test slick tyres at Jerez", Formule 1 Race Report via Racing-Live, 2007-11-21. Retrieved on 2007-11-25. 
  50. ^ "F1 World’s most watched TV sports events: 2006 Rank & Trends report", Initiative, 2007-01-19. Retrieved on 2007-01-30. 
  51. ^ Official: F1 needs more tits!. Pitpass (2006-10-03). Retrieved on 2007-06-26.
  52. ^ FIA Summary of Television Statistics. FIA (2000-02-22).
  53. ^ BBC Sports, F1 viewing figures drop, 26 February 2002. Retrieved on 10 March 2007. The cumulative figure, which exceeds the total population of the planet by many times, counts all viewers who watch F1 on any programme at any time during the year.
  54. ^ Most watched TV sporting events of 2005 - A special report from Initiative
  55. ^ F1 to offer High Definition TV Coverage. Autosport (2007-05-13). Retrieved on 2007-06-25.

[

References

  • Arron, Simon & Hughes, Mark (2003). The Complete Book of Formula One. Motorbooks International. ISBN 0-7603-1688-0.
  • "FIA Archive". (2004). Federation Internationale de l'Automobile. Retrieved 25 October 2004.
  • "Formula One Regulations". (2004). Federation Internationale de l'Automobile. Retrieved 23 October 2004.
  • Gross, Nigel et al (1999). "Grand Prix Motor Racing". In, 100 Years of Change: Speed and Power (pp. 55–84). Parragon.
  • Hayhoe, David & Holland, David (2006). Grand Prix Data Book (4th edition). Haynes, Sparkford, UK. ISBN 1-84425-223-X.
  • Higham, Peter (2003). The international motor racing guide. David Bull, Phoenix, AZ, USA. ISBN 1-893618-20-X.
  • "Insight". (2004). The Official Formula 1 Website. Retrieved 25 October 2004.
  • Jones, Bruce (1997). The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Formula One. Hodder & Stoughton.
  • Jones, Bruce (1998). Formula One: The Complete Stats and Records of Grand Prix Racing. Parragon.
  • Jones, Bruce (2003). The Official ITV Sport Guide: Formula One Grand Prix 2003. Carlton. Includes foreword by Martin Brundle. ISBN 1-84222-813-7.
  • Jones, Bruce (2005). The Guide to 2005 FIA Formula One World Championship : The World's Bestselling Grand Prix Guide]. Carlton. ISBN 1-84442-508-8.
  • Lang, Mike (1981–1992). Grand Prix! volumes 1–4. Haynes, Sparkford, UK.
  • Menard, Pierre (2006). The Great Encyclopedia of Formula 1, 5th edition. Chronosport, Switzerland. ISBN 2847070516
  • Miltner, Harry (2007). Race Travel Guide 2007. egoth: Vienna, Austria. ISBN 978-3-902480-34-7
  • Small, Steve (2000). Grand Prix Who's Who (3rd edition). Travel Publishing, UK. ISBN 1-902007-46-8.
  • Tremayne, David & Hughes, Mark (1999). The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula One. Parragon

[

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Official sites
News and reference
History
  • AutocourseGPA.com — historical results and statistics and images since 1950
  • F1DB — Results, statistics
  • 4mula1 — Results and statistics since 1950


v • d • e
Constructors and drivers competing in the 2008 Formula One championship
Other participants in the 2008 season: Constructors: Super Aguri — Drivers: Sato · Davidson
Formula One World Championship
v • d • e
1950 • 1951 • 1952 • 1953 • 1954 • 1955 • 1956 • 1957 • 1958 • 1959
1960 • 1961 • 1962 • 1963 • 1964 • 1965 • 1966 • 1967 • 1968 • 1969
1970 • 1971 • 1972 • 1973 • 1974 • 1975 • 1976 • 1977 • 1978 • 1979
1980 • 1981 • 1982 • 1983 • 1984 • 1985 • 1986 • 1987 • 1988 • 1989
1990 • 1991 • 1992 • 1993 • 1994 • 1995 • 1996 • 1997 • 1998 • 1999
2000 • 2001 • 2002 • 2003 • 2004 • 2005 • 2006 • 2007 • 2008
Future seasons: 2009 • 2010 • 2011




BCUZ.com FACTS Encyclopedia content is licensed under the GFDL as approved by Wikipedia.
For more information review our copyright contact and privacy policy.
© 1996 - BCUZ.COM - We have all the FACTS you need about Small Business Financing, Behavior Disorder, Having Too Many Bills, Needing Cash Fast, Structured Settlements, Frequent Flier Programs, Top Steak Houses, The Mayan Indians, Norfolk and Suffolk England, Growing Longer Hair and a full reference English Encyclopedia and Spanish Encyclopedia.Privacy Policy