Football
Association football and descendants
- Association football, also known as football, soccer, footy and footie
- Indoor/basketball court varieties of Football:
- Five-a-side football — played throughout the world under various rules including:
- Indoor soccer — the six-a-side indoor game, known in Latin America, where it is often played in open air venues, as fútbol rápido ("fast football")
- Masters Football six-a-side played in Europe by mature professionals (35 years and older)
- Paralympic football — modified Football for athletes with a disability.[29] Includes:
- Football 5-a-side — for visually impaired athletes
- Football 7-a-side — for athletes with cerebral palsy
- Amputee football - for athletes with amputations
- Deaf football - for athletes with hearing impairments
- Electric wheelchair soccer
- Beach soccer — football played on sand, also known as beach football and sand soccer
- Street football — encompasses a number of informal varieties of football
- Rush goalie — is a variation of football in which the role of the goalkeeper is more flexible than normal
- Headers and volleys — where the aim is to score goals against a goalkeeper using only headers and volleys
- Crab football — players stand on their hands and feet and move around on their backs whilst playing football as normal
- Swamp soccer — the game is played on a swamp or bog field
Rugby school football and descendants
- Rugby football
- Rugby league — usually known simply as "football" or "footy" in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland, and by some followers of the game in England. Also often referred to simply as "league"
- Rugby league nines (or sevens)
- Touch football (rugby league) — a non-contact version of rugby league. In South Africa it is known as six down
- Tag Rugby — a non-contact version of rugby league, in which a velcro tag is removed to indicate a tackle
- Rugby union
- Rugby sevens
- Tag rugby — a form of rugby union using the velcro tag
- Rugby sevens
- Beach rugby — rugby played on sand
- Touch rugby — generic name for forms of rugby football which does not feature tackles
- Rugby league — usually known simply as "football" or "footy" in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland, and by some followers of the game in England. Also often referred to simply as "league"
- Gridiron football
- American football — called "football" in the United States and Canada, and "gridiron" in Australia and New Zealand. Sometimes called "tackle football" to distinguish it from the touch versions
- Indoor football, arena football — an indoor version of American football
- Nine-man football, eight-man football, six-man football — versions of tackle football, played primarily by smaller high schools that lack enough players to field full 11-man teams
- Touch football (American) — non-tackle American football
- Flag football — non-tackle American football, like touch football, in which a flag that is held by velcro on a belt tied around the waist is pulled by defenders to indicate a tackle
- Street football (American) — American football played in backyards without equipment and with simplified rules
- Canadian football — called simply "football" in Canada; "football" in Canada can mean either Canadian or American football depending on context
- Canadian flag football — non-tackle Canadian football
- Nine-man football — similar to nine-man American football, but using Canadian rules; played by smaller schools in Saskatchewan that lack enough players to field full 12-man teams
See also: Comparison of American football and rugby league, Comparison of American football and rugby union, Comparison of Canadian and American football, Comparison of rugby league and rugby union.
Irish and Australian varieties
These codes have in common the absence of an offside rule, the requirement to bounce or solo (toe-kick) the ball while running, handpassing by punching or tapping the ball rather than throwing it, and other traditions.
- Australian rules football — officially known as "Australian football", and informally as "Aussie rules" or "footy". In some areas (erroneously) referred to as "AFL", which is the name of the main organising body and competition
- Auskick — a version of Australian rules designed by the AFL for young children
- Metro footy (or Metro rules footy) — a modified version invented by the USAFL, for use on gridiron fields in North American cities (which often lack grounds large enough for conventional Australian rules matches)
- Kick-to-kick
- 9-a-side footy — a more open, running variety of Australian rules, requiring 18 players in total and a proportionally smaller playing area (includes contact and non-contact varieties)
- Rec footy — "Recreational Football", a modified non-contact touch variation of Australian rules, created by the AFL, which replaces tackles with tags
- Touch Aussie Rules — a non-contact variation of Australian Rules played only in the United Kingdom
- Samoa rules — localised version adapted to Samoan conditions, such as the use of rugby football fields
- Masters Australian football (a.k.a. Superules) — reduced contact version introduced for competitions limited to players over 30 years of age
- Women's Australian rules football — played with a smaller ball and (sometimes) reduced contact version introduced for women's competition
- Gaelic football — Played predominantly in Ireland. Sometimes referred to as "football" or "gaah" (from the acronym for Gaelic Athletic Association)
- International rules football — a compromise code used for games between Gaelic and Australian Rules players
See also: Comparison of Australian rules football and Gaelic football
Surviving mediæval ball games
British Shrove Tuesday games
-
- Alnwick in Northumberland
- Ashbourne in Derbyshire (known as Royal Shrovetide Football)
- Atherstone in Warwickshire
- Corfe Castle in Dorset — The Shrove Tuesday Football Ceremony of the Purbeck Marblers.
- Haxey in Lincolnshire (the Haxey Hood, actually played on Epiphany)
- Hurling the Silver Ball takes place at St Columb Major in Cornwall
- Sedgefield in County Durham
- In Scotland the Ba game ("Ball Game") is still popular around Christmas and Hogmanay at:
- Duns, Berwickshire
- Scone, Perthshire
- Kirkwall in the Orkney Islands
Outside the UK
- Calcio Fiorentino — a modern revival of Renaissance football from 16th century Florence.
Surviving public school games
Recent inventions and hybrid games
- Based on FA rules:
- Cubbies
- Three sided football
- Triskelion
- Keepie uppie(keep up) — is the art of juggling with a football using feet, knees, chest, shoulders, and head.
- Footbag — is a small bean bag or sand bag used as a ball in a number of keepie uppie variations, including hacky sack (which is a trade mark).
- Freestyle football — a modern take on keepie uppie where freestylers are graded for their entertainment value and expression of skill.
- Based on rugby:
- Scuffleball
- Force ’em backs a.k.a. forcing back, forcemanback et c.
- Hybrid games
- Austus — a compromise between Australian rules and American football, invented in Melbourne during World War II.
- Bossaball — mixes Association football and volleyball and gymnastics; played on inflatables and trampolines.
- Footvolley — mixes Association football and beach volleyball; played on sand
- Kickball — a hybrid of Association football and baseball, invented in the United States in about 1942.
- Speedball (American) — a combination of American football, soccer, and basketball, devised in the United States in 1912.
- Universal football — A hybrid of Australian rules and rugby league, trialled in Sydney in 1933.[30]
- Volata — a game resembling Association football and European handball, devised by Italian fascist leader, Augusto Turati, in the 1920s.
- Wheelchair rugby — also known as Murderball, invented in Canada in 1977. Based on ice hockey and basketball rather than rugby.
Tabletop games and other recreations
- Based on Football (soccer):
- Subbuteo
- Blow football
- Table football — also known as foosball, table soccer, babyfoot, bar football or gettone)
- Fantasy football (soccer)
- Button football — also known as Futebol de Mesa, Jogo de Botões
- Penny football
- Based on rugby:
- Based on American football:
- Based on Australian football:
See also
- Names for association football
- Players who have converted from one football code to another
- Football field (unit of length)
Notes
- ^ Sports historian Bill Murray, quoted by The Sports Factor, "Tie Me Kangaroo Down, Sport" (Radio National, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, May 31, 2002) and Michael Scott Moore, "Naming the Beautiful Game: It's Called Soccer" (Der Spiegel, June 7, 2006). See also: ICONS Online (no date) "History of Football" and; Professional Football Researchers Association, (no date) "A Freendly Kinde of Fight: The Origins of Football to 1633". Access date for all references: February 11, 2007.
- ^ From William Blandowski's Australien in 142 Photographischen Abbildungen, 1857, (Haddon Library, Faculty of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge)
- ^ Richard Hakluyt, Voyages in Search of The North-West Passage, University of Adelaide, December 29, 2003
- ^ Stephen Alsford, FitzStephen's Description of London, Florilegium Urbanum, April 5, 2006
- ^ a b c d Francis Peabody Magoun, 1929, "Football in Medieval England and Middle-English literature” (The American Historical Review, v. 35, No. 1).
- ^ a b Online Etymology Dictionary (no date), "football"
- ^ Vivek Chaudhary, “Who's the fat bloke in the number eight shirt?” (The Guardian, February 18, 2004.)
- ^ Anniina Jokinen, Sir Philip Sidney. "A Dialogue Between Two Shepherds" (Luminarium.org, July 2006)
- ^ Richard Carew. EBook of The Survey of Cornwall. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
- ^ International Olympic Academy (I.O.A.) (no date), “Minutes 7th International Post Graduate Seminar on Olympic Studies”
- ^ John Lord Campbell, The Lives of the Lords Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of England, vol. 2, 1851, p. 412
- ^ William Maxwell Hetherington, 1856, History of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, Ch.1 (Third Ed.)
- ^ footballnetwork.org , 2003, “Richard Mulcaster”
- ^ Francis Willughby, 1660–72, Book of Games
- ^ a b Julian Carosi, 2006, "The History of Offside"
- ^ example of ball handling in early football from English writer William Hone, writing in 1825 or 1826, quotes the social commentator Sir Frederick Morton Eden, regarding "Foot-Ball", as played at Scone, Scotland:
- The game was this: he who at any time got the ball into his hands, run [sic] with it till overtaken by one of the opposite part; and then, if he could shake himself loose from those on the opposite side who seized him, he run on; if not, he threw the ball from him, unless it was wrested from him by the other party, but no person was allowed to kick it. (William Hone, 1825–26, The Every-Day Book, "February 15." Access date: March 15, 2007.)
- ^ Rugby chronology. Museum of Rugby. Retrieved on April 24, 2006.
- ^ Soccer Ball World - Early History (Accessed June 9, 2006)
- ^ The exact name of Mr Lindon is in dispute, as well as the exact timing of the creation of the inflatable bladder. It is known that he created this for both association and rugby footballs. However, sites devoted to football indicate he was known as HJ Lindon, who was actually Richards Lindon's son, and created the ball in 1862 (ref: Soccer Ball World), whereas rugby sites refer to him as Richard Lindon creating the ball in 1870 (ref: Guardian article). Both agree that his wife died when inflating pig's bladders. This information originated from web sites which may be unreliable, and the answer may only be found in researching books in central libraries.
- ^ soccerballworld.com, (no date) "Charles Goodyear's Soccer Ball" Downloaded 30/11/06.
- ^ Harvey, Adrian (2005). Football, the First Hundred Years. Routledge, 95–99. ISBN 0415350190.
- ^ Murphy, Brendan (2007). From Sheffield with Love. Sports Book Limited, 41–43. ISBN 9781899807 56 7.
- ^ Letter from Tom Wills. MCG website. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
- ^ a b The Origins of Australian Rules Football. MCG website. Retrieved on 2007-06-22.
- ^ Murphy, Brendan (2007). From Sheffield with Love. Sports Book Limited, 39–41. ISBN 9781899807 56 7.
- ^ Peter Shortell. Hacking - a history, Cornwall Referees Society, 2 October 2006
- ^ John Simkin. Ebenezer Cobb Morley, Spartacus Educational. Accessed 22 May 2008
- ^ Canadian Football Timelines (1860 – present). Football Canada. Retrieved on 2006-12-23.
- ^ Summers, Mark. The Disability Football Directory.
- ^ Sean Fagan, Breaking The Codes, RL1908.com, 2006
References
- Mandelbaum, Michael (2004); The Meaning of Sports; Public Affairs, ISBN 1-58648-252-1
- Green, Geoffrey (1953); The History of the Football Association; Naldrett Press, London
- Williams, Graham (1994); The Code War; Yore Publications, ISBN 1-874427-65-8
External links
- Wilfried Gerhardt, "The colourful history of a fascinating game" (from the FIFA website)
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