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England



England does not have an official designated national anthem, as the United Kingdom as a whole has "God Save the Queen". However, the following are often considered unofficial English national anthems:

"God Save the Queen" is usually played for English sporting events, such as football matches, against teams from outside the UK,[103] although "Land of Hope and Glory" was used as the English anthem for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.[104] Since 2004, "Jerusalem" has been sung before England cricket matches,[105] and "Rule Britannia" ("Britannia" being the Roman name for Great Britain, a personification of the United Kingdom) was often used in the past for the English national football team when they played against another of the home nations. More recently, however, "God Save the Queen" has been used by the rugby union and football teams.[103]

Gallery

Durham Cathedral

Tower of London, London.

The Palace of Westminster, the political centre of the United Kingdom.

Stonehenge, a Neolithic and Bronze Age megalithic monument in Wiltshire.

Clifton Suspension Bridge, Bristol.

References

  1. ^ Countries within a country. 10 Downing Street. Retrieved on 2007-06-13.
  2. ^ England. Britannica Student Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  3. ^ British Embassy. England. britishembassy.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2008-05-11.
  4. ^ National Statistics Online - Population Estimates. URL accessed 6 June 2007.
  5. ^ The official definition of LUZ (Larger Urban Zone) is used by the European Statistical Agency (Eurostat) when describing conurbations and areas of high population. This definition ranks London highest, above Paris (see Larger Urban Zones (LUZ) in the European Union); and a ranking of population within municipal boundaries also puts London on top (see Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits). However, research by the University of Avignon in France ranks Paris first and London second when including the whole urban area and hinterland, that is the outlying cities as well (see Largest urban areas of the European Union).
  6. ^ England - Culture. Britain USA. URL accessed September 12, 2006.
  7. ^ Industrial Revolution. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  8. ^ The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
  9. ^ Country profile: United Kingdom. BBC News. Retrieved on 2009-04-27.
  10. ^ Oxford DNB theme: England, Scotland, and the Acts of Union (1707) (HTML). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
  11. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition.
  12. ^ OED (etymology) entry for Angle)
  13. ^ Germania by Tacitus. URL accessed November 18, 2006.
  14. ^ Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum. URL accessed 19 November 2006.
  15. ^ OED entry for England.
  16. ^ [[[wiktionary:England]] INSERT TITLE].
  17. ^ For example, "England expects that every man will do his duty".
  18. ^ Schedule 1 of The Interpretation Act 1978.
  19. ^ Bone find may rewrite history, BBC News, June 4, 2002. URL accessed 20 November 2006
  20. ^ Stephen Oppenheimer, The Origins of the British, Constable and Robinson
  21. ^ BBC – History – Anglo-Saxons.
  22. ^ Plague – LoveToKnow 1911.
  23. ^ Spread of the Plague.
  24. ^ Cf. "The Reformation must not be confused with the changes introduced into the Church of England during the 'Reformation Parliament' of 1529–36, which were of a political rather than a religious nature, designed to unite the secular and religious sources of authority within a single sovereign power: the Anglican Church did not until later make any substantial change in doctrine". Roger Scruton, A Dictionary Political Thought, Macmillan: 1996, p.470.
  25. ^ a b c Colley, Linda [1994] (2005). Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707-1837. Yale University Press, 12. ISBN 978-0300059250. 
  26. ^ Ross, David (2002). Chronology of Scottish History. Geddes & Grosset, 56. ISBN 1-85534-380-0. “1603: James VI becomes James I of England in the Union of the Crowns, and leaves Edinburgh for London” 
  27. ^ Articles of Union with Scotland 1707 www.parliament.uk
  28. ^ 'Return to fold' call for Berwick BBC News, February 10, 2008
  29. ^ Groups such as Mebyon Kernow who proclaim a distinct national identity for Cornwall and campaign for a Cornish assembly would dispute this claim.
  30. ^ Scottish and Welsh MPs are also unable to vote on devolved issues affecting their own constituencies.
  31. ^ www.englishindependenceparty.com.
  32. ^ Campaign for an Independent England – Welcome to the Campaign for an Independent England.
  33. ^ BBC politics. URL accessed November 12, 2006.
  34. ^ BBC talking point. URL accessed November 12, 2006.
  35. ^ Constitutional reform: A Supreme Court for the United KingdomPDF (252 KiB), Department for Constitutional Affairs. Retrieved on 2006-05-22
  36. ^ Crime over the last 25 years homeoffice.gov.uk
  37. ^ New record high prison population BBC News, February 8, 2008
  38. ^ Eurotunnel.com – UK History
  39. ^ TravelBritain – Kent.
  40. ^ Temperature record changes hands BBC News, September 30, 2003. URL accessed September 12, 2006.
  41. ^ English Climate Met Office. URL accessed September 12, 2006.
  42. ^ Largest EU city. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved on 2006-10-16.
  43. ^ The UK’s major urban areas Office for National Statistics
  44. ^ Z/Yen Limited (November 2005). The Competitive Position of London as a Global Financial Centre (PDF). CityOfLondon.gov.uk. Retrieved on 2006-09-17.
  45. ^ Financial Centre, by the Corporation of the City of London. URL accessed 20 November 2006.
  46. ^ Fact Monster. URL accessed 18 November 2006.
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  50. ^ Population Estimates National Statistics Online, August 24, 2006. URL accessed September 12, 2006
  51. ^ Population Estimates National Statistics Online, August 24, 2006. URL accessed September 12, 2006.
  52. ^ http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=760. URL accessed 19 November 2006
  53. ^ Ancient Britain Had Apartheid-Like Society, Study Suggests.
  54. ^ English and Welsh are races apart.
  55. ^ BBC – "British Immigration Map Revealed" Accessed 16 May 2007.
  56. ^ BBC Thousands in UK citizenship queue.
  57. ^ 1 in 5 babies in Britain born to immigrants.
  58. ^ Half a million migrants pour into Britain in a year.
  59. ^ National Statistics Online – Immigration over half a million.
  60. ^ Record numbers seek new lives abroad.
  61. ^ Indians largest group among new immigrants to UK.
  62. ^ 1500 immigrants arrive in Britain daily, report says.
  63. ^ 1,500 migrants enter UK a day.
  64. ^ Emigration soars as Britons desert the UK.
  65. ^ 750,000 and rising: how Polish workers have built a home in Britain.
  66. ^ B.Branston The Lost Gods of England.
  67. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica article on Shakespeare. Accessed February 26, 2006.
  68. ^ MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare. Retrieved on February 26, 2006.
  69. ^ Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare. Accessed February 26, 2006.
  70. ^ RIAA.
  71. ^ Metric system was British - BBC video news.
  72. ^ History of Western Philosophy, Bertrand Russell
  73. ^ FIFA World rankings.
  74. ^ World Football Elo rankings.
  75. ^ Harris, Rob (2007-11-22). England fires coach Steve McClaren after failure to qualify for Euro 2008. Associated Press. Retrieved on 2007-11-26.
  76. ^ English: Not America's Language? by Mauro E. Mujica - The Globalist > > Global Culture. URL retrieved 6 June 2007.
  77. ^ Common law - Tiscali reference. URL retrieved 6 June 2007.
  78. ^ Yaelf. URL accessed November 15, 2006.
  79. ^ Whole Earth magazine. URL accessed November 13, 2006.
  80. ^ British Sign Language (BSL). Sign Community Online, 2006. URL accessed September 12, 2006.
  81. ^ 2001 Census.
  82. ^ Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2005 PDF (1.64 MiB). Page 11. European Commission. Retrieved on 7 December 2006.
  83. ^ Jewish Virtual Library – England by Shira Schonenburg. URL retrieved 6 June 2007.
  84. ^ Manchester Jewish Synagogues, Judaism, Hebrew Congregations and Jewish Organisations in Greater Manchester. URL retrieved 6 June 2007.
  85. ^ Rabbi Bezalel Rakow – Guardian Unlimited. URL retrieved 6 June 2007.
  86. ^ Survey of the general public's views on NHS system reform in England (2007-06-01).
  87. ^ NHS Funding need not damage business health. Institute of Chartered Accountants of England & Wales (2008-03-14). Retrieved on 2008-03-31.
  88. ^ HM Treasury (2008-03-24). Budget 2008, Chapter C 23. Retrieved on 2008-03-24.
  89. ^ BBC. URL accessed 20 November 2006.
  90. ^ Department for Transport, Transport Trends 2006 (PDF). URL accessed 17 February 2007.
  91. ^ Roman Britons after 410 by Martin Henig: British Archaeology Retrieved 22 October 2006.
  92. ^ Anglo-Saxon Origins: The Reality of the Myth by Malcolm Todd. Retrieved 22 October 2006.
  93. ^ Legacy of the Vikings By Elaine Treharne, BBC History. Retrieved 22 October 2006.
  94. ^ What Did the Normans Do for Us? By Dr John Hudson, BBC History. Retrieved 22 October 2006.
  95. ^ The Adventure of the English, Melvyn Bragg, 2003. Pg 21
  96. ^ "What makes you British?", BBC News online, 2007-03-30. 
  97. ^ St George's events 'not enough'. BBC News, April 23, 2005. URL accessed September 12, 2006.
  98. ^ "The Great Saint George Revival", BBC News, 23 April 1998. Retrieved on 2006-12-08. 
  99. ^ St. George – England's Patron Saint.
  100. ^ BBC NEWS.
  101. ^ National Flowers of the UK, 10 Downing Street. URL accessed September 14, 2006.
  102. ^ England's Rose – The Official History, Sport Network. Museum of Rugby, June 3, 2005. URL accessed September 18, 2006.
  103. ^ a b Guardian - National Anthem faces red card.
  104. ^ New Statesman – Sport – Jason Cowley loves the Commonwealth Games. Retrieved on 2007-06-18.
  105. ^ Anthem 4 England - Jerusalem - English Anthems - News. Retrieved on 2007-06-18.

External links

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