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Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom



The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.
The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.

The Queen has coats of arms in each of her Realms; these arms are also sometimes used by government agencies or ministries to symbolise the Crown. In the UK, they are known as the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom. Every British monarch has used these arms since the reign of Queen Victoria. A separate Royal Arms exists, for use in Scotland, which gives priority to Scottish elements and features the insignia of the Order of the Thistle. The Royal Coat of Arms of Canada has been used by each monarch of Canada since George V; it is based on the British Royal Arms but contains unique Canadian elements. The Queen also has Arms for use as sovereign of Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. Each of these is different from the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom.

The Royal Standard is the Queen's flag, and is a banner of the Royal Arms. In some of the Commonwealth Realms, the Queen has an official standard for use when acting as Queen of that Realm. Australia, Barbados, Canada, Jamaica, and New Zealand have their own Royal Standard, each one a defaced banner of the relevant coat of arms, including the Queen's personal badge: a crowned letter E inside a circle of roses on a blue disc. This badge was also used as the Queen's personal flag which is used in her role as Head of the Commonwealth and for visiting Commonwealth countries where she is not the head of state.

From 21 April 1944[80] until her accession, Princess Elizabeth's arms were the Royal Arms, differenced by a label of three points argent (white), the centre bearing a Tudor Rose and the first and third points bearing a red cross.

Ancestry

Main articles: Ancestry of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Descent of Elizabeth II from William I, Descent of Elizabeth II from Cerdic, and Descent of Elizabeth II from the Romans

See also

References

  1. ^ a b As a titled royal, Her Majesty holds no surname, but, when one is used, it is Windsor
  2. ^ a b c 80 Things You (Probably) Didn't Know About Queen Elizabeth. Time Europe. Retrieved on 2006-09-26.
  3. ^ Baby boy for Countess of Wessex. BBC News (17 December 2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-18.
  4. ^ Witchell, Nicholas (27 May 2006). Queen 'Lilibet' letters unveiled. BBC News. Retrieved on 30 April 2007.
  5. ^ Excerpt from The Queen A Biography of Elizabeth II, Pimlott, Ben
  6. ^ Rose, Kenneth.; King George V; Weidenfeld and Nicolson; London, Great Britain; 1983, p389. ISBN 0-297-78245-2
  7. ^ P'incess Is Three. TIME. Retrieved on 15 December 2007.
  8. ^ The Real Crawfie. Channel 4. Retrieved on 18 January 2007.
  9. ^ 80 Facts About The Queen. British Monarchy Official Website. Retrieved on 18 January 2007.
  10. ^ Queen's decision no snub: royal aides. CBC News. Retrieved on 23 February 2005.
  11. ^ Queen Mary I. englishhistory.net. Retrieved on 2007-09-04.
  12. ^ Biography of HM Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother: Activities as Queen. British Monarchy Official Website. Retrieved on 2007-09-04.
  13. ^ Queen Elizabeth II. BBC h2g2 (3 February 2006). Retrieved on 2007-09-04.
  14. ^ Princess Elizabeth (21 April 1947). Historic speeches: 21st birthday speech. British Monarchy Official Website. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
  15. ^ a b c d Royal plans to beat nationalism. BBC (8 March 2005). Retrieved on 2007-10-31.
  16. ^ HM Queen Elizabeth - Queen Consort 1936–1952. BBC h2g2 (4 September 2002). Retrieved on 12 September 2007.
  17. ^ Butler, Desmond (8 May 2007). Queen Elizabeth Wraps Up Whirlwind Tour. ABC News. Retrieved on 12 September 2007.
  18. ^ Royal Insight – Out and About – Founder's Day 2006. British Monarchy Official Website (June 2006). Retrieved on 12 September 2007.
  19. ^ Kynaston, David (7 May 2007). Austerity Britain 1945-51. London: Bloomsbury, p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7475-7985-4. 
  20. ^ An interview with The Hon. Mrs Rhodes, as part of Channel 4's The Queen's Wedding
  21. ^ Davies, Caroline (20 April 2006). Philip, the one constant through her life. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 23 January 2007.
  22. ^ Royal Insight Magazine: Behind-the-Scenes at the Royal Wedding of 1947
  23. ^ Royal.gov.uk – 60 Facts, Fact 16
  24. ^ Fact 9
  25. ^ Fact 50
  26. ^ Letters Patent, 22 October 1948. Heraldica. Retrieved on 9 September 2007.
  27. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 41948, page 1003, 5 February 1960. Retrieved on 2007-10-31.
  28. ^ Prince of Wales's press office.
  29. ^ Lacey, Robert.; Majesty: Elizabeth II and the House of Windsor; Harcourt Brace Jovanovich; New York; Rose, Kenneth.; 1977, p. 150. ISBN 0-15-155684-9
  30. ^ Lacey, 151.
  31. ^ Canada's New Queen. CBC. Retrieved on 22 August 2007.
  32. ^ National Gallery of Australia: By Appointment: Norman Hartnell's sample for the Coronation dress of Queen Elizabeth II
  33. ^ a b English, Rebecca (20 April 2006). 'The Queen will NEVER consider abdicating'. Daily Mail. Retrieved on 15 October 2006.
  34. ^ 80 Things You (Probably) Didn't Know About Queen Elizabeth
  35. ^ Challands, Sarah (25 April 2006). Queen Elizabeth II celebrates her 80th birthday. CTV News. Retrieved on 13 June 2007.
  36. ^ The Real Queen. 2002-01-01.
  37. ^ France and UK considered 1950s 'merger'. The Guardian (15 January 2007). Retrieved on 15 January 2007.
  38. ^ "It's not like a normal job, it's a job for life. [The vows made on Coronation Day were] so deep and so special [to the Queen]... She wouldn't consider not continuing to fulfil those vows until she dies." The Hon Margaret Rhodes, Queen 'will do her job for life'. BBC News (19 April 2006). Retrieved on 4 February 2007.
  39. ^ When asked by BBC royal correspondent Nicholas Witchell if she was categorically saying the Queen would neither retire nor abdicate, but would remain in the role until her death she said: "Yes, I'm perfectly sure that's what will happen." The Hon Margaret Rhodes, Queen 'will do her job for life'. BBC News (19 April 2006). Retrieved on 4 February 2007.
  40. ^ a b Courage of the Queen. Canadian Royal Heritage Trust. Retrieved on 24 July 2007.
  41. ^ a b John Campbell, Margaret Thatcher: The Iron Lady (Jonathan Cape, 2003)
  42. ^ Paisley's stance is not as unusual as it might appear, since unlike the more conventionally conservative Ulster Unionists, his views are heavily influenced by the Scottish Covenanting tradition with its emphasis on conditional loyalty; for example, he marked the Queen's Silver Jubilee in 1977 by preaching a sermon recalling and justifying the execution of Charles I and deposition of James II, implying that while the Queen was then worthy of celebration she would deserve the same fate as those two monarchs if she failed to live up to her office as defender of the Protestant Constitution. 'The Queen is a parrot' - Paisley. BBC News (26 May 1998).
  43. ^ AM expelled for 'Mrs Windsor' jibe. BBC News (1 December 2004). Retrieved on 17 March 2007.
  44. ^ Historic first for Maundy Service BBC News 20 March 2008
  45. ^ Struck, Doug (17 May 2005). A royal visit by Canada's head of state. The Washington Post.
  46. ^ Queen says it's good to be back in Canada. CTV News (19 May 2005).
  47. ^ a b Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada. Canadian Royal Heritage Trust. Retrieved on 6 March 2007.
  48. ^ 1964 Quebec visit – speech. CBC.
  49. ^ Bousfield, Arthur (April 1996). A Queen Canada Should be Proud Of. Monarchy Canada.
  50. ^ Thompson, Elizabeth (14 October 2007). Chretien's Revenge. The Gazette. Retrieved on 15 October 2007.
  51. ^ Elizabeth II (25 December 2000). Historic speeches: Christmas Broadcast 2000. British Monarchy Official Website. Retrieved on 9 September 2007.
  52. ^ Presidents, Vice Presidents and Board. Council of Christians and Jews. Retrieved on 9 September 2007.
  53. ^ Queen Catches A Cold. Sky News (20 June 2005). Retrieved on 20 October 2006.
  54. ^ Leyland, Joanne (11 October 2006). The Queen Proves She's A Real Trooper. The Royalist. Retrieved on 20 October 2006.
  55. ^ "Queen cancels visit due to injury", BBC News, 26 October 2006. 
  56. ^ Greenhill, Sam and Hope, Jenny. "Plaster on Queen's hand: minor cut or IV drip?", Daily Mail, 6 December 2006. 
  57. ^ Whittaker, Thomas. "Corgi put the queen in plaster", The Sun, 14 December 2006. 
  58. ^ 1977 Queen celebrates Silver Jubilee. BBC News: On This Day.
  59. ^ In Depth: The Golden Jubilee. BBC News.
  60. ^ This is London – Key aides move to Windsor ahead of Queen's retirement
  61. ^ [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page3956.asp Royal.gov.uk – Corrections
  62. ^ Queen's funeral plans 'stolen from car'. The Sydney Morning Herald (30 July 2004).
  63. ^ Bansal, Shaveta. Poll: Queen Elizabeth "Most Popular Royal". All Headline News. Retrieved on 20 October 2006.
  64. ^ Information supplied by the Royal Household to a parliamentary inquiry into the workings of the monarchy in the early 1970s.
  65. ^ Newspaper Says Queen Is Upset by Thatcher. The New York Times (20 July 1986).
  66. ^ Atticus. The Sunday Times (9 October 2005).
  67. ^ Queen Elizabeth feels snubbed by Blair. Sify (23 June 2004).
  68. ^ Alderson, Andrew (28 May 2007). Revealed: Queen's dismay at Blair legacy. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 31 May 2007.
  69. ^ Alderson, Andrew (27 May 2007). Tony and Her Majesty: an uneasy relationship. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 31 May 2007.
  70. ^ Heinricks, Geoff (Winter/Spring, 2000-01). Trudeau and the Monarchy. Canadian Monarchist News, reprinted from the National Post.
  71. ^ Trudeau, Pierre E.; Memoirs; McClelland & Stewart/Tundra Books; Plattsburgh, NY; 1996. ISBN 0-7710858-8-5
  72. ^ Cartner-Morley, Jess. "Elizabeth II, belated follower of fashion", The Guardian, Guardian Media Group, 2007-05-10, pp. p2, G2 section. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved on 2007-05-10. 
  73. ^ 80 Facts About The Queen. British Monarchy Official Website. Retrieved on 2007-01-18.
  74. ^ 80 Facts About The Queen. British Monarchy Official Website. Retrieved on 2007-01-18.
  75. ^ 80 Facts About The Queen. British Monarchy Official Website. Retrieved on 2007-01-18.
  76. ^ A Birthday Fit for a Queen. Forbes (18 April 2006).
  77. ^ The Royal Collection - What is the Royal Collection?
  78. ^ The Royal Collection > About the Royal Collection
  79. ^ Chamberlain, Gethin (7 May 2002). Queen to escape £28m inheritance tax. The Scotsman.
  80. ^ Heraldica – British Royal Cadency

Further reading

  • Bond, J. (2002). Elizabeth. Reader's Digest Association. ISBN 0-7621-0369-8
  • Erickson, C. (2003). Lilibet : An Intimate Portrait of Elizabeth II. St. Martins Press. ISBN 0-312-28734-8
  • Pimlott, Ben (2002 - revised edition 2007) The Queen: Elizabeth II and the Monarchy. Harper Collins. ISBN 0-007-11436-2
  • Waller, Maureen, "Sovereign Ladies: Sex, Sacrifice, and Power. The Six Reigning Queens of England." St. Martin's Press, New York, 2006. ISBN 0-312-33801-5

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Queen Elizabeth II
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1 Also members of the European Council. 2 Monarchies.
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Time Persons of the Year

Mohammed Mosaddeq (1951) · Elizabeth II (1952) · Konrad Adenauer (1953) · John Foster Dulles (1954) · Harlow Curtice (1955) · Hungarian Freedom Fighter (1956) · Nikita Khrushchev (1957) · Charles de Gaulle (1958) · Dwight D. Eisenhower (1959) · U.S. Scientists: George Beadle / Charles Draper / John Enders / Donald A. Glaser / Joshua Lederberg / Willard Libby / Linus Pauling / Edward Purcell / Isidor Rabi / Emilio Segrè / William Shockley / Edward Teller / Charles Townes / James Van Allen / Robert Woodward (1960) · John F. Kennedy (1961) · Pope John XXIII (1962) · Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963) · Lyndon B. Johnson (1964) · William Westmoreland (1965) · The Generation Twenty-Five and Under (1966) · Lyndon B. Johnson (1967) · The Apollo 8 Astronauts: William Anders / Frank Borman / Jim Lovell (1968) · The Middle Americans (1969) · Willy Brandt (1970) · Richard Nixon (1971) · Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon (1972) · John Sirica (1973) · King Faisal (1974) · American Women: Susan Brownmiller / Kathleen Byerly / Alison Cheek / Jill Conway / Betty Ford / Ella Grasso / Carla Hills / Barbara Jordan / Billie Jean King / Carol Sutton / Susie Sharp / Addie L. Wyatt (1975)
Complete roster · 1927–1950 · 1951–1975 · 1976–2000 · 2001–present


Persondata
NAME Elizabeth II
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Elizabeth Alexandra Mary
SHORT DESCRIPTION Queen regnant
DATE OF BIRTH 21 April 1926
PLACE OF BIRTH London, United Kingdom
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH



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