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Dominican Republic



Electrical services in the country have been a headache for the population, as well as the business and other areas for more than 40 years. Due to the extreme corruption within the government, no administration has been able to cope with this problem. In 1998, three regional electricity distribution systems were privatized via sale of 50% of shares to foreign operators; in an unexpected decision, the Mejía administration repurchased all foreign-owned shares in two of these systems in late 2003. The third, serving the eastern provinces, is operated by U.S. concerns and is 50% U.S.-owned. Industry experts estimated distribution losses for 2006 surpassed 40%, primarily due to low collection rates, theft, and corruption. At the close of 2006, the government had exceeded its budget for electricity subsidies, spending close to U.S. $650 million.[106]

Household and general electrical service is delivered at 110 volts alternating at 60 Hz; electrically-powered items from the United States work with no modifications. The majority of the country has access to electricity. Still, in 2007 some areas have outages lasting as long as 20 hours a day. Tourist areas tend to have more reliable power, as do business, travel, healthcare, and vital infrastructure. The situation improved in 2006, with 200 circuits (40% of the total) providing permanent electricity, as 85% of electric demand overall was met and blackouts were reduced from 6.3 hours per day to 3.7.[107] Concentrated efforts were announced to increase efficiency of delivery to places where the collection rate reached 70%.[108] The electricity sector is highly politicized, and with 2008 presidential election campaigning already in motion the prospect of further effective reforms of the sector is poor. Debts, including government debt, amount to more than U.S. $500 million. Some generating companies are undercapitalized and at times unable to purchase adequate fuel supplies.[109]

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See also

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References

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  5. ^ Taino Name for the Islands
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  7. ^ http://www.usna.edu/Users/history/kolp/HH345/PRE1492.HTM U.S. News 08/18/97: How many people were here before Columbus? Pick a number]
  8. ^ http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/ant/KEEGAN08.ANT
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  10. ^ The Story Of... Smallpox—and other Deadly Eurasian Germs
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  20. ^ http://www.27febrero.com/duarte.htm Francisco del Rosario Sánchez
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  44. ^ http://www.agricultura.gov.do/Publicaciones/anuario2004/capitulo1.pdf
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  46. ^ The World Bank; Data - Country Groups
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  49. ^ Fernández Zucco anuncia celebración Semana Internacional de la Energía
  50. ^ Yahoo! Finance Currency Converter; US dollar to Peso
  51. ^ Yahoo! Finance Currency Converter; US dollar to Euro
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  63. ^ a b Robles, Frances (June 13, 2007). Black Denial. A Rising Voice: Afro-Latin Americans. The Miami Herald. Retrieved on 2007-06-15.
  64. ^ Racial Classifications in Latin America Zona Latina
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  66. ^ Haggerty, Richard (1989). Dominican Republic - Religion. Dominican Republic: A Country Study. U.S. Library of Congress. Retrieved on 2006-05-21.
  67. ^ Dominican Republic:: Education – Britannica Online Encyclopedia
  68. ^ United States Department of State: Country Specific Information
  69. ^ The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief; April 2005 Newsletter OFFICE OF THE U.S. GLOBAL AIDS COORDINATOR.
  70. ^ Juan Bosch - Government Officials. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  71. ^ DR1 - Daily News 30 July 2002 DR1.com
  72. ^ Dominican Juan Bosch dies NANCY SAN MARTIN AND DON BOHNING; The Miami Herald; November 2, 2001
  73. ^ "CCNY Jewish Studies Class to Visit Dominican Village that Provided Refuge to European Jews During World War II", City College of New York. Retrieved on 2007-05-22. 
  74. ^ a b Migration in the Caribbean: Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Beyond James Ferguson. Minority Rights Group International. Retrieved 2008-01-14
  75. ^ Illegal people. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  76. ^ Hiltz, Wayne (1998). Slavery in paradise. Montreal Mirror. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  77. ^ Grossman, Andrew (2004-10-11). Birthright citizenship as nationality of convenience. Proceedings of the Third Conference on Nationality. Council of Europe. Retrieved on 2007-06-03.
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  79. ^ Garcia, Michelle (2006). No Papers, No Rights. Amnesty International. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  80. ^ Haiti’s ambassador also denies Dominican “slavery”. Dominican Today (2007-05-25). Retrieved on 2007-06-03.
  81. ^ Dominican Republic: A Life in Transit. Amnesty International (2007-03-21). Retrieved on 2007-06-03.
  82. ^ a b Fernandez visit: Haitian masses not impressed Hartford Web Publishing, reprinted from Haiti Progres
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  84. ^ Woodard Maderazo, Jennifer (November 2005). Racism and abuse in the Dominican Republic. Vivirlatino.com. Retrieved on 2007-12-23.
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  87. ^ Pantaleón, Doris. "La República - El 22% de los nacimientos son de madres haitianas", Editora Listin Diario, 2008-01-21. Retrieved on 2008-03-18. (Spanish) 
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  89. ^ DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Gov’t Turns Deaf Ear to UN Experts on Racism Diógenes Pina. Inter Press Service (IPS). Retrieved 2008-01-14
  90. ^ Justice Department Memo, 1975; National Security Archive
  91. ^ International Migration in the Dominican Republic; Thomas K. Morrison, Richard Sinkin; International Migration Review, Vol. 16, No. 4, Special Issue: International Migration and Development (Winter, 1982), pp. 819-836; doi:10.2307/2546161
  92. ^ Migration Trends in Six Latin American Countries
  93. ^ Why Harlem Drug Cops Don't Discuss Race; RaceMatters.org (2001)
  94. ^ Ribando, Claire (2005-03-05). Dominican Republic: Political and Economic Conditions and Relations with the United States.. CRS Report for Congress. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  95. ^ O'Connell Davidson, Julia (December 1995). Child Prostitution and Sex Tourism - Dominican Republic. ECPAT. Retrieved on 2007-06-07.
  96. ^ Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version
  97. ^ No Frontier, Ltd. Countries and languages
  98. ^ Dominican Republic Cuisine by Hispaniola.com.
  99. ^ Harvey, Sean (January 2006). The Rough Guide to The Dominican Republic. Rough Guides, 376-7. ISBN 1-84353-497-5. 
  100. ^ Harvey, Sean (January 2006). The Rough Guide to The Dominican Republic. Rough Guides, 375. ISBN 1-84353-497-5. 
  101. ^ Harvey, Sean (January 2006). The Rough Guide to The Dominican Republic. Rough Guides, 378. ISBN 1-84353-497-5. 
  102. ^ Harvey, Sean (January 2006). The Rough Guide to The Dominican Republic. Rough Guides, 59. ISBN 1-84353-497-5. 
  103. ^ Shanahan, Tom (2007-03-24). Sports at Lunch, [[Luis Castillo (football player)|] and Felix Sanchez]. San Diego Hall of Champions. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.
  104. ^ Campos, Niza. "Millonarias inversiones para un precario servicio", Diario Libre, 2007-10-16. Retrieved on 2008-02-02. (Spanish) 
  105. ^ Guaguas, publicos and motoconchos - getting around the Dominican Republic. Retrieved on 2008-02-02.
  106. ^ Dominican Republic Economy. Travel Document Systems. Retrieved on 2008-02-02.
  107. ^ "Informe dice mejoró en 2006 la oferta energética", Diario Libre, Grupo Omnimedia, 2007-01-19. Retrieved on 2008-02-02. (Spanish) 
  108. ^ "Los apagones toman fuerza en circuitos de barrios PRA", listindiario.com, Editora Listin Diario, 2007-04-11. Retrieved on 2007-05-24. (Spanish) 
  109. ^ Background Note: Dominican Republic. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved on 2008-02-02.

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Further reading

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