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Detroit, Michigan



Metro Detroit has an extensive freeway system administered by the Michigan Department of Transportation. The city is at the crossroads for three Interstate Highways. Detroit is connected via Interstate 75 and Interstate 96 to Kings Highway 401 and to major Southern Ontario cities such as London, Ontario and the Greater Toronto Area along Highway 401. Upon construction and completion of a third border crossing, Detroit and the surrounding area would have a third direct link to the 400-Series freeway network, and have a direct connection to Kings Highway 401, eliminating (or greatly diminishing) the traffic jams that plague the Ambassador Bridge, and the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel. The Blue Water Bridge near Sarnia, Ontario is another major commercial border crossing.

I-75 (Chrysler and Fisher Freeways) is the region's main north-south route, serving Flint, Pontiac, Troy, and Detroit, before continuing south (as the Fisher Freeway) to serve many of the communities along the shore of Lake Erie.
I-94 (Ford Freeway) runs east-west through Detroit and serves Ann Arbor to the west (where it continues to Chicago) and Port Huron to the northeast. The stretch of the current I-94 freeway from Ypsilanti to Detroit was one of the first American limited-access freeways. Henry Ford built it to link his factories at Willow Run and Dearborn during World War II. It was called the Willow Run Expressway.
I-96 runs northwest-southeast through Livingston County and (as the Jeffries Freeway) has its eastern terminus in downtown Detroit.
I-275 runs north-south from I-75 in the south to the junction of I-96 and I-696 in the north, providing a bypass through the western suburbs of Detroit.
I-375 is a short spur route in downtown Detroit, an extension of the Chrysler Freeway.
I-696 (Walter Reuther Freeway) runs east-west from the junction of I-96 and I-275, providing a route through the northern suburbs of Detroit. Taken together, I-275 and I-696 form a semi-circle around Detroit.
US-12 eastbound ends in downtown Detroit. Westbound, US 12 serves the western suburbs and routes toward Ypsilanti.
US-24 ends north of Pontiac at I-75. Southbound, US 24 serves suburban Detroit and Monroe before crossing into Ohio.
M-1 (Woodward Ave.) northbound ends in Pontiac. Southbound, the highway routes to directly to downtown Detroit.
M-3 routes north along Gratiot Avenue.
M-5 follow the route of old US 16 on Grand River Avenue.
M-8 is the Davison Freeway. Opened in 1942, this was the first modern limited-access urban freeway in America.
M-10: The John C. Lodge Freeway) runs largely parallel to I-75 from Southfield to downtown, and connects with I-75 via Jefferson Avenue.
M-39 Southfield Freeway (M-39)Best known as the "Southfield Freeway," M-39 runs north-south from Southfield to Allen Park from I-94. North of 10 Mile, the freeway ends and continues as Southfield Road into Birmingham.
M-53 runs along Van Dyke & Gratiot Avenues.
M-85 routes along Fort Street, along the Detroit River.
M-97 routes along Hoover Street.
M-102 is better known as 8 Mile Road.
M-153 routes to neighboring Dearborn.

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Sister cities

Detroit has seven sister cities:[119]

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See also

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References

  1. ^ USGS detail on Detroit. Retrieved on 2007-02-18.
  2. ^ Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2006 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-06-28.
  3. ^ Ankeny, Robert (November 9, 2007). Census Bureau boosts Detroit population to 918,949. Crain's Detroit Business. Retrieved on November 12, 2007.
  4. ^ a b 2006 challenges. US Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-02-11.
  5. ^ a b American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
  6. ^ US Board on Geographic Names. United States Geological Survey (2007-10-25). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
  7. ^ see List of U.S. place names of French origin
  8. ^ Michigan Cities. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved on April 8, 2007. “[Detroit] is the automobile capital of the world”
  9. ^ SAE World Congress convenes in Detroit. Retrieved on April 12, 2007.
  10. ^ Davis, Michael W. R. (2007). Detroit's Wartime Industry: Arsenal of Democracy (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0738551643. 
  11. ^ Commemorated in the 2002 movie 8 Mile.
  12. ^ Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007. US Census Bureau. Retrieved on September 9, 2008.
  13. ^ Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007. US Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-04-07.
  14. ^ World Agglomerations Retrieved on September 3, 2007.
  15. ^ La rivière du Détroit depuis le lac Érié, 1764. Retrieved on 2 October, 2006.
  16. ^ Ste. Anne of Detroit St. Anne Church. Retrieved on April 29, 2006.
  17. ^ Blockson, Charles and Chase, Henry (April 2005). Detroit - Follow the North Star, The Guiding Light of the Underground Railroad. "American Visions."
  18. ^ Rosentreter, Roger (July/August 1998). "Come on you Wolverines, Michigan at Gettysburg." Michigan History magazine.
  19. ^ Woodford, Arthur M. (2001). This is Detroit: 1701–2001. Wayne State University Press.
  20. ^ Nolan, Jenny (June 15, 1999).How Prohibition made Detroit a bootlegger's dream town. Michigan History, The Detroit News. Retrieved on November 23, 2007.
  21. ^ Zacharias, Patricia (February 12, 2001). 'I have to die a man or live a coward' -- the saga of Dr. Ossian Sweet. Michigan History, The Detroit News. Retrieved on November 23, 2007.
  22. ^ Michigan Highways. michiganhighways.org Retrieved on April 30, 2006.
  23. ^ Nolan, Jenny (January 28, 1997).Willow Run and the Arsenal of Democracy. Michigan History, The Detroit News. Retrieved on November 23, 2007.
  24. ^ Baulch, Vivian M. and Patricia Zacharias (February 11, 1999). 1943 Detroit race riots. Michigan History, The Detroit News Retrieved on November 23, 2007.
  25. ^ Detroit's 'great warrior,' Coleman Young, dies (November 29, 1997). CNN.com.
  26. ^ Wild Kingdom. Detroit Blog. Retrieved on March 8, 2006.
  27. ^ Bailey, Ruby L.(August 22, 2007). The D is a draw: Most suburbanites are repeat visitors.Detroit Free Press. New Detroit Free Press-Local 4 poll conducted by Selzer and Co., finds, "nearly two-thirds of residents of suburban Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties say they at least occasionally dine, attend cultural events or take in professional games in Detroit."
  28. ^ Zacharias, Patricia (January 23, 2000). The ghostly salt city beneath Detroit. Michigan History, The Detroit News. Retrieved on November 23, 2007.
  29. ^ The Detroit Salt Company --Explore the City under the City. (online). Retrieved on 2008-02-08.
  30. ^ Detroit Weather & Climate (2006). Michigan Vacations Retrieved on April 20, 2006.
  31. ^ Monthly Averages for Detroit, MI (2006). Weather.com (accessed April 20, 2006).
  32. ^ Daily Records - Detroit (2007). National Weather Service Detroit/Pontiac, MI (accessed July 7, 2007).
  33. ^ Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Detroit, Michigan, United States of America. Retrieved on Nov 6, 2006.
  34. ^ MDOT state map Detroit 7. State of Michigan. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
  35. ^ MDOT state map Detroit 3. State of Michigan. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
  36. ^ Sharoff, Robert (2005). American City: Detroit Architecture Wayne State University Press
  37. ^ Cityscape Detroit.www.cityscapedetroit.org Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  38. ^ Eastern MarketModel D Media Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  39. ^ a b Midtown Model D Media Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  40. ^ a b Harrison, Sheena (June 25, 2007). DEGA enlists help to spur Detroit retail. Crain's Detroit Business. Retrieved on November 28 2007. "New downtown residents are largely young professionals according to Social Compact."
  41. ^ Halaas, Jaime (December 20, 2005).Inside Detroit Lofts. Model D Media. Retrieved on November 28, 2007.
  42. ^ La Canfora, Jason. Detroit's Big Party Next Door. In Windsor, Temptation Waits for Players, Fans. The Washington Post. Retrieved on 2 October, 2006.
  43. ^ Firsts and facts Detroit Tourism Economic Development Council. Retrieved on July 20, 2007.
  44. ^ Arts & Culture: Theatres Detroit Economic Growth Corporation. Retrieved on July 20, 2007. "Detroit is home to the 2nd largest theatre district in the USA."
  45. ^ Boyd, Herb (September 17, 1997). Cookin' in the Motor City. The Metro Times
  46. ^ http://www.ipl.org.ar/exhibit/detjazz/Graystone.html
  47. ^ http://www.ipl.org.ar/exhibit/detjazz/
  48. ^ America's Story, Explore the States: Michigan (2006). Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village Library of Congress Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  49. ^ State of Michigan: MI Kids (2006).Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  50. ^ History of Eastern Market. Eastern Market Merchant's Association. Retrieved on March 8, 2006.
  51. ^ Freedom Fest. The Parade Company. Retrieved on October 28, 2007.
  52. ^ Baulch, Vivian M. (August 4, 1998). Marshall Fredericks -- the Spirit of Detroit. Michigan History, The Detroit News. Retrieved on November 23, 2007.
  53. ^ Sarah Karush, The Associated Press (February 23, 2004). Police arrest two men suspected of vandalizing Joe Louis statue. USA Today.
  54. ^ History. The Detroit APBA Gold Cup
  55. ^ Track History. CART.
  56. ^ Indy racing will return to Detroit. Associated Press (September 29, 2006). Retrieved on 3 October, 2006.
  57. ^ Zacharias, Patricia (August 22, 2000). Detroit, the City of Champions. Michigan History, The Detroit News. Retrieved on 2006-10-02.
  58. ^ http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=91&category=sports. Detroit News. Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  59. ^ Visit Detroit. Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  60. ^ Sporting News - Your expert source for MLB Baseball, NFL Football, NBA Basketball, NHL Hockey, NCAA Football, NCAA Basketball and Fantasy Sports scores, blogs, and articles
  61. ^ Nielsen Media Research Local Universe Estimates (September 24, 2005) The Nielson Company
  62. ^ Market Ranks and Schedule). Arbitron.com. Retrieved on January 23, 2008.
  63. ^ Henion, Andy (March 27, 2007). City puts transit idea in motion. Detroit News
  64. ^ Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (2006). From the 2003 Study "Contributions of the Automotive Industry to the U.S. Economy" University of Michigan and the Center for Automotive ResearchAutoalliance.com. Retrieved on April 12, 2007.
  65. ^ Detroit Regional Chamber (2006) Detroit/Windsor Border Update: Part I-Detroit River International Crossing Study Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  66. ^ Flint, Jerry (September 9, 1996). Can Detroit Weather a Downturn?. Forbes, found at faculty.ncwc.edu/denders/eng112/sample_summary.htm
  67. ^ Josar, David (May 27, 2005). Neighborhood rebirth stalls: High property taxes burden Detroit homeowners. Detroit News.
  68. ^ Bureau of Labor Statistics (4/2007). Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment Summary. U.S. Department of Labor.
  69. ^ Walsh, David. One-Third of Detroit's population lives below the poverty line. World Socialist Websight. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.
  70. ^ Standard and Poors Report (March 14, 2006). Asia's Auto Makers Think Globally. Business Week
  71. ^ Auto Quality (June 4, 2003). USA Today
  72. ^ Strategic Vision, Total Quality Index, 2006 MSN Autos
  73. ^ Woellert, Lorraine (March 3, 2001). Why Detroit May Swallow Some Bitter CAFE. Business Week.
  74. ^ Associated Press (August 24, 2005).[1] Fox News. Retrieved on April 15, 2007.
  75. ^ Sloan, Allan (April 10, 2007).GM's High-Performance Pension Machine Washington Post, D02.
  76. ^ Ford's Way Forward Business Week Cruise Control Radio Retrieved on April 2, 2007.
  77. ^ Dorinda Elliott (January 30, 2006). "Can This Man Save The American Auto Industry?" Time Magazine.
  78. ^ Kiley, David (June 13, 2001). GM buys stake in firm tapping hydrogen power. USA Today.
  79. ^ GM announces world's most powerful fuel cell stack (13 September 2001). GM Press Release.
  80. ^ Howes, Daniel (November 12, 2007).Quicken moving to downtown Detroit.The Detroit News. Retrieved on November 12, 2007.
  81. ^ Loc. cit.
  82. ^ Fortune). CNNMoney.com. Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  83. ^ See the Change (2006) TheWorldisComing.com. City of Detroit Partnership. Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  84. ^ Bigda, Carolyn, Erin Chambers, Lawrence Lanahan, Joe Light, Sarah Max, and Jennifer Merritt.Detroit Best place to retire: Downtown. CNN Money Magazine. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.
  85. ^ Badenhausen, Kurt (January 30, 2008). Forbes. Retrieved on February 26, 2008.
  86. ^ 2004–05 Community profile Oakland County. Retrieved on 11 July, 2007. “Oakland County also ranks as the fourth wealthiest county in the nation among counties with populations of more than one million people.”
  87. ^ Reppert, Joe (October 2007).Detroit Neighborhood Market Drill Down. Social Compact. Retrieved on May 30, 2008.
  88. ^ a b Baulch, Vivian M. (September 4, 1999). Michigan's greatest treasure -- Its people. Michigan History, The Detroit News. Retrieved on October 22, 2007.
  89. ^ Ward, George E. (July 1993). Detroit Charter Revision - A Brief History. Citizens Research Council of Michigan (pdf file).
  90. ^ The Bay Area Center for Voting Research. "The Most Conservative and Liberal Cities in the United States", 2005-08-11. Retrieved on 2007-03-27. 
  91. ^ Associated Press (September 19, 2005). Mayor rekindles tensions between Detroit and suburbs. USA Today.
  92. ^ Mayor Kwami Kilpatrick (April 12, 2006).Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick Explains Budget PlanWDIV ClickonDetroit.com
  93. ^ Lin, Judy (April 28, 2005). Detroit triggers loan limit. The Detroit News.
  94. ^ Heath, B., et al. (January 13, 2005). Mayor: Fix Detroit or risk takeover. Detroit News.
  95. ^ Wisely, John (October 25, 2005). Suburbs ramp up water system fight. The Detroit News.
  96. ^ Booza, Jason C. (July 26, 2006).Reality v. Perceptions: An Updated Analysis of Crime and Safety in Downtown Detroit. Michigan Metropolitan Information Center, Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies. Retrieved on January 21, 2008.
  97. ^ FBI UCR table 6. Retrieved on February 13, 2008.
  98. ^ Shelton, Steve Malik (January 30, 2008).Top cop urges vigilance against crime. Michigan Chronicle. Retrieved on March 17, 2008.
  99. ^ Integrated Border Enforcement Teams (IBETS) 2006 Joint Cross-Border Operations.Royal Canadian Mounted Police.Retrieved on April 12, 2008.
  100. ^ Quarterly Status Report to the Independent Federal Monitor. Detroit Police Department Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  101. ^ Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members. Retrieved on June 19, 2007
  102. ^ "Bill McGraw: Kilpatrick a first for Detroit", Bill McGraw, Detroit Free Press, March 24, 2008
  103. ^ "Mayor of Detroit Faces 8 Counts in Perjury Case", http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/25/us/25detroit.html, Monica Davey and Nick Bunkley, New York Times, March 25, 2008
  104. ^ LewAllen, Dave (August 3, 2005). Detroiters Vote for New School Board. WXYZ.com.
  105. ^ Bukowski, Diane (2006).Where did the first billion go?. The Michigan Citizen.
  106. ^ Detroit News Staff (October 30, 2007).Michigan Stung by study's dropout list.Detroit News. Retrieved on October 30, 2007."Michigan education officials vigorously dispute the report."
  107. ^ Toppo, Greg (6/20/2006). Big-city schools struggle with graduation rates. USA Today. Retrieved on 2007-10-29.
  108. ^ Shultz, Marissa and Greg Wilkerson (June 13, 2007).Graduation rate.Detroit News.Retrieved on November 1, 2007.
  109. ^ Kozlowski, Kim (February 27, 2005). Catholic schools fight to keep doors open. The Detroit News.
  110. ^ US News online directory of hospitals.U.S. News. Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  111. ^ Organization History and Profile Detroit Medical Center Retrieved on April 29, 2006.
  112. ^ Webpage: About the School. Wayne State University School of Medicine. Retrieved on April 20, 2006.
  113. ^ Ambassador Bridge Crossing Summary (May 11, 2005). U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  114. ^ Sapte, Benjamin (2003). Southwest Airlines: Route Network Development since 1971. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Retrieved on April 20, 2006.
  115. ^ Foran, Janet - MDOT (March 22, 2007).Mass tranit ridership jumps in Southeast Michigan. Metromode. Retrieved on July 31, 2007.
  116. ^ Transit Windsor.. Routes and Schedules. Retrieved on September 25, 2006.
  117. ^ America's Floating ZIP Code 48222 J.W. Westcott Homepage. Retrieved on April 8, 2007.
  118. ^ Schneider, Keith (August 16, 2006).Rail is right. Metro Times. Retrieved on May 20, 2008.
  119. ^ "Sister Cities Online Directory: Michigan, USA." Sister Cities International, Inc.. Retrieved on May 8, 2007.

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Further reading

  • Bak, Richard (2001). Detroit Across 3 Centuries. Thompson Gale. ISBN 1585360015. 
  • Burton, Clarence M (1896). Cadillac's Village: A History of the Settlement, 1701–1710. Detroit Society for Genealogical Research. ISBN 0-943112-21-4. 
  • Burton, Clarence M (1912). Early Detroit: A sketch of some of the interesting affairs of the olden time. Burton Abstracts. OCLC 926958. 
  • Chafets, Zev (1990). Devil's Night: And Other True Tales of Detroit. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 0-394-58525-9. 
  • Farley, Reynolds, et al. (2002). Detroit Divided. Russell Sage Foundation Publications. ISBN 0-87154-281-1. 
  • Farmer, Silas (1889). History of Detroit and Wayne County and Early Michigan. Omnigraphics Inc; Reprint edition (October 1998). ISBN 1-55888-991-4. 
  • Gavrilovich, Peter and Bill McGraw (2000). The Detroit Almanac. Detroit Free Press. ISBN 0-937247-34-0. 
  • Hill, Eric J. and John Gallagher (2002). AIA Detroit: The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-3120-3. 
  • Meyer, Katherine Mattingly and Martin C.P. McElroy with Introduction by W. Hawkins Ferry, Hon A.I.A. (1980). Detroit Architecture A.I.A. Guide Revised Edition. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-1651-4. 
  • Parkman, Francis (1994). The Conspiracy of Pontiac. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-8737-2. 
  • Poremba, David Lee (2003). Detroit: A Motor City History (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-2435-2. 
  • Powell, L. P (1901). "Detroit, the Queen City," Historic Towns of the Western States (New York).
  • Sharoff, Robert (2005). American City: Detroit Architecture. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-3270-6. 
  • Sobocinski, Melanie Grunow (2005). Detroit and Rome: building on the past. Regents of the University of Michigan. ISBN 0933691092. 
  • Sugrue, Thomas J (1998). The Origins of the Urban Crisis. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-05888-1. 
  • Woodford, Arthur M. (2001). This is Detroit 1701–2001. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-2914-4. 

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External links

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