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Crawley



Main article: London Gatwick Airport

Gatwick Airport was licensed as a private airfield in August 1930.[110] It was used during the Second World War as an RAF base, and returned to civil use in 1946. There were proposals to close the airport by the late 1940s, but in 1950 the government announced that it was to be developed as London's second airport.[111] It was closed between 1956 and 1958 for rebuilding. Her Majesty The Queen reopened it on 9 June 1958. A second terminal, the North Terminal, was built in 1988.[112] An agreement exists between BAA plc and West Sussex County Council preventing the building of a second runway until 2019. Nevertheless, consultations were launched in 2002 by the Department for Transport, at which proposals for additional facilities and runways were considered. It was agreed that there would be no any further expansion at Gatwick unless it became impossible to meet growth targets at London Heathrow Airport within existing pollution limits.[113]

[

Sport and leisure

Crawley Town F.C. are Crawley's main football team. Formed in 1896, they moved in 1949 to a ground at Town Mead adjacent to the West Green playing fields. Demand for land near the town centre led to the club moving in 1997 to the new Broadfield Stadium, now owned by the borough council.[114] As of the 2007/2008 season, Crawley Town play in the Blue Square Premier, the highest level of non-league competition in England. Two other local teams play in the Sussex County Football League: Three Bridges F.C. and Ifield Edwards F.C.. Crawley Rugby Club is based in Ifield,[115] and a golf course was constructed in 1982 at Tilgate Park.[116]

Entrance to the K2 Leisure Centre
Entrance to the K2 Leisure Centre

The new town's original leisure centre was in Haslett Avenue in the Three Bridges neighbourhood. Building work started in the early 1960s, and a large swimming pool opened in 1964. The site was extended to include an athletics arena by 1967, and an additional large sports hall was opened by the town mayor, Councillor Ben Clay, and Prime Minister Harold Wilson in 1974.[117] However, the facilities became insufficient for the growing town, even though an annexe was opened in Bewbush in 1984.[118] In 2005, Crawley Leisure Centre was closed and replaced by a new facility, the K2 Leisure Centre, on the campus of Thomas Bennett Community College near the Broadfield Stadium.[119] Opened to the public on 14 November 2005,[117] and officially by Lord (Sebastian) Coe on 24 January 2006, the centre includes the only Olympic-sized swimming pool in South East England.[120] In March 2008 the centre was named as a training site for the 2012 Olympics in London.[121]

The Development Corporation made little provision for the arts in the plans for the new town, and a proposed arts venue in the town centre was never built. Neighbourhood community centres and the Tilgate Forest Recreational Centre were used for some cultural activities,[118] but it was not until 1988 that the town had a dedicated theatre and arts venue, at The Hawth. (The name derives from a local corruption of the word "heath", which came to refer specifically to the expanse of wooded land, south of the town centre, in which the theatre was built.)[122] Crawley's earliest cinema, the Imperial Picture House on Brighton Road, lasted from 1909 until the 1940s; the Embassy Cinema on the High Street (opened in 1938) replaced it.[10][118] A large Cineworld cinema has since opened in the Crawley Leisure Park, which features ten-pin bowling, various restaurants and bars and a fitness centre.[123]

The Memorial Gardens
The Memorial Gardens

Each neighbourhood has self-contained recreational areas, and there are other larger parks throughout the town. The Memorial Gardens, on the eastern side of Queen's Square, feature art displays, children's play areas and lawns, and a plaque commemorating those who died in two Second World War bombing incidents in 1943 and 1944.[10] Goffs Park in Southgate covers 50 acres (20 ha), and has lakes, boating ponds, a model railway and many other features.[124] Tilgate Park and Nature Centre has walled gardens, lakes, large areas of woodland with footpaths and bridleways, a golfing area and a collection of animals and birds.[125]

Crawley Museum[126] is based in Goffs Park. Stone Age and Bronze Age remains discovered in the area are on display, as well as more recent artefacts including parts of Vine Cottage, an old timber-framed building on the High Street which was once home to former Punch editor Mark Lemon and which was demolished when the ASDA development was built.[10]

[

Education

See also: Schools in Crawley, West Sussex
The main building of Central Sussex College
The main building of Central Sussex College

Maintained primary and secondary schools were reorganised in 2004 following the Local Education Authority's decision to change the town's three-tier system of first, middle and secondary schools to a more standard primary/secondary divide.[127] Since the restructuring, Crawley has had 17 primary schools (including two Church of England and two Roman Catholic) and four pairs of infant and junior Schools. Most of these were opened in 2004; others changed their status at this date (for example, from a middle to a junior School). Secondary education is provided at one of six secondary schools:

Five of these have a sixth form, and one is due to open at Oriel High in September 2008.[128] The schools at Ifield and Thomas Bennett are also bases for the Local Authority's adult education programmes.[129] Pupils with special needs are educated at the two special schools in the town, each of which covers the full spectrum of needs: Manor Green Primary School and Manor Green College.

Further education is provided by Central Sussex College. Opened in 1958 as Crawley Technical College,[130] it merged with other local colleges to form the new institute in August 2005.[131] The college also provides higher education courses in partnership with the universities at Chichester and Sussex. In 2004, a proposal was made for an additional campus of the University of Sussex to be created in Crawley, but as of 2008 no conclusion has been reached.[132]

[

Media

Crawley has two local newspapers, each with considerable history in the area. The Crawley Observer began life in 1881 as Simmins Weekly Advertiser, became the Sussex & Surrey Courier and then the Crawley and District Observer, and took its current name in 1983.[133] The newspaper is now owned by Johnston Press.[39] The Crawley News was first published in 1979, and later took over the operations of the older Crawley Advertiser which closed in 1982.[118] The newspaper is now owned by the Trinity Mirror group and is a free publication.[134]

The town is served by the London regional versions of BBC and ITV television from the Crystal Palace or Reigate transmitters—although some terrestrial aerials in the town may pick up BBC South and ITV Meridian signals from the Midhurst transmitter.[135]

Radio Mercury began broadcasting on 20 October 1984 from Broadfield House in Crawley.[136] The station, now owned by Gcap Media, broadcasts as Mercury FM from Kelvin Way in Crawley.[137] The group has a sister station, Classic Gold Digital 1521, on the medium wave frequency.[138] Local BBC radio was provided by BBC Radio Sussex from 1983; this became part of BBC Southern Counties Radio following a merger with BBC Radio Surrey in 1994.[139]

[

Notable people

Mark Lemon, the first editor of satirical magazine Punch, lived at a house in the High Street for many years until his death in 1870. A blue plaque outside the George Hotel commemorates his time in the town.[14] Serial killer John George Haigh, the "Acid Bath Murderer", carried out some of his murders at a workshop in the West Green area after moving to Crawley.[140] The footballers Kevin Muscat (who has played for Australia since 1994 and had a nine-year spell in Britain, playing for four different clubs) and Faye White, the Arsenal and England women's team captain, were born in Crawley,[141][142] while Gareth Southgate (manager of Middlesbrough F.C. and a former England international) attended the town's Hazelwick School.[143] Alan Minter also achieved sporting success: born in Crawley in 1951, he won a bronze medal at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games in the light middleweight boxing category,[144] and in 1980 became the WBC world middleweight champion by beating Vito Antuofermo.[10] Athlete Daley Thompson used facilities in Crawley to train for the Olympics in 1980 and 1984.[145] Rock band The Cure were formed in Crawley in 1976 by Robert Smith, Michael Dempsey and Laurence Tolhurst, all of whom attended St Wilfrid's School.[146] The same school also educated drummer Paul Stewart, guitarist Kevin Jeremiah and keyboard player Ciaran Jeremiah, all of the band The Feeling.[147] The 21st Premier of Western Australia Sir Charles Court was born in Crawley, but migrated to Australia with his family before his first birthday.[148] According to the back-story created for the virtual band Gorillaz, the fictional character 2D comes from Crawley.[149]

[

See also

[

References

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  139. ^ BBC Southern Counties Radio. MediaUK website. MediaUK (2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-31.
  140. ^ Crime Library: John George Haigh. Turner Entertainment Digital Network, Inc. (2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
  141. ^ The official Faye White website! (2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
  142. ^ CNN/Sports Illustrated: Kevin Muscat. CNN/Sports Illustrated (an AOL Time Warner company) (2001). Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
  143. ^ Southgate plans a party. The Argus. Newsquest Media Group (1999-11-12). Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
  144. ^ Boxing: Ross Minter carries on a boxing tradition. The Argus. Newsquest Media Group (2001-03-21). Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
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  146. ^ BBC h2g2: The Cure. BBC (2005-08-12). Retrieved on 2007-08-30.
  147. ^ "Feeling Their Way to Number One", Crawley News, Reigate, Surrey: East Surrey and Sussex News and Media, 2008-02-20, p. 10. ISSN 0961-4800. Retrieved on 2008-02-20. 
  148. ^ Honorary Degree Citation: The Hon Sir Charles Walter Michael Court. Murdoch University website (1995-03-22). Retrieved on 2008-03-31.
  149. ^ Gorillaz: Biography. Gorillaz Partnership (2005). Retrieved on 2007-09-18.

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