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Coffee



Caffeine molecule
Caffeine molecule

Depending on the type of coffee and method of preparation, the caffeine content of a single serving can vary greatly. On average, a single cup of coffee of about 207 milliliters (7 fluid ounces) or a single shot of espresso of about 30 mL (1oz) can be expected to contain the following amounts of caffeine:[81][82][83]

[

References

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  6. ^ FAOSTAT Core Trade Data (commodities/years). FAO Statistics Division (2007). Retrieved on 2007-10-24. To retrieve export values: Select the "commodities/years" tab. Under "subject", select "Export value of primary commodity." Under "country," select "World." Under "commodity," hold down the shift key while selecting all commodities under the "single commodity" category. Select the desired year and click "show data." A list of all commodities and their export values will be displayed.
  7. ^ a b Kummer, Corby (2003). "Caffeine and Decaf", The Joy of Coffee. Houghton Mifflin Cookbooks, 160-165. ISBN 0618302409. Retrieved on 2008-02-23. 
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  10. ^ Metcalf, 1999, p. 123.
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  30. ^ Song Bird Coffee. Thanksgiving Coffee Company.
  31. ^ Rickert, Eve (December 15, 2005). "Environmental effects of the coffee crisis: a case study of land use and avian communities in Agua Buena, Costa Rica". . M.Sc. Thesis, The Evergreen State College
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  34. ^ CoffeeGeek - So You Say There's a Coffee Crisis. Retrieved on 2006-08-26.
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  37. ^ www.ico.org/documents/cmr1107e.pdf
  38. ^ Total Production of Exporting Countries. Retrieved on 2007-07-31.
  39. ^ FLO International: Coffee. Retrieved on 2007-10-16.
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  41. ^ Murray D., Raynolds L. & Taylor P. (2003). One Cup at a time: Poverty Alleviation and Fair Trade coffee in Latin America. Colorado State University, p28
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  51. ^ Cipolla, Mauro. Educational Primer: Degrees of Roast. Bellissimo Info Group. Retrieved on 2007-07-19.
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  60. ^ Miller, Emily Wise (May 2003). The Food Lover's Guide to Florence: With Culinary Excursions in Tuscany. Ten Speed Press, 12. ISBN 978-1580084352. 
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  63. ^ Regarding liquid coffee concentrate: Wall Street Journal, March 21, 2005, page C4, Commodities Report
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  67. ^ a b Who Are the Mormons?. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
  68. ^ FAO (2003). Coffee. Medium-term prospects for agricultural commodities. Projections to the year 2010. Retrieved on 2006-10-16. “Global output is expected to reach 7.0 million metric tons (117 million bags) by 2010 compared to 6.7 million metric tons (111 million bags) in 1998–2000”
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  70. ^ http://heartburn.about.com/cs/causes/a/heartburncauses.htm
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  72. ^ Bakalar, Nicholas (2006-08-15). Coffee as a Health Drink? Studies Find Some Benefits. New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-07-28.
  73. ^ Mahmud, A.; Feely, J. (2001). "Acute Effect of Caffeine on Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Pressure Waveform". Hypertension 38 (2): 227–231. PMID 11509481. 
  74. ^ Johnson, S. (2001). "The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency" (PDF). Medical Hypotheses 56 (2): 163-170. Harcourt Publishers Ltd. doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1133. PMID 11425281. 
  75. ^ BBC News; Lesk, Valerie (2004-07-20). A coffee can make you forgetful. BBC News. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
  76. ^ Smith, A. (2002). "Effects of caffeine on human behavior". Food and Chemical Toxicology 40 (9): 1243-1255. doi:10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00096-0. PMID 12204388. 
  77. ^ Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (2003). Use and Common Sources of Caffeine. Information about Caffeine Dependence. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
  78. ^ Haines, Cynthia Dennison (2007). Caffeine in the diet. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. The U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
  79. ^ Dorri, Yaser; Sabeghi Maryam, Kurien BT (2007). "Awaken olfactory receptors of humans and experimental animals by coffee odourants to induce appetite". Med Hypotheses 69 (3): 508-9. 
  80. ^ Moss, Ph.D., Ralph W. "The Cancer Chronicles" 2nd ed. Austin, Texas: 1994. (6-7)
  81. ^ Coffee and Caffeine's Frequently Asked Questions from the alt.drugs.caffeine, alt.coffee, rec.food.drink.coffee Newsgroups, January 7, 1998
  82. ^ Bunker, M. L.; McWilliams, M. (January 1979). "Caffeine content of common beverages". J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 74: 28–32. 
  83. ^ Mayo Clinic Staff. Caffeine content of common beverages. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved on 2007-07-22.

[

Bibliography

  • Metcalf, Allan A. (1999), The World in So Many Words, Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0395959209 

[

External links

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Coffee
Facts about coffee
Species and varieties
Major chemicals in coffee
Coffee bean processing
Common beverage preparation
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Coffee and lifestyle




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