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Closed captioning



The EIA-708 specification provides for dramatically improved captioning

  • An enhanced character set with more accented letters and non-English letters, and more special symbols
  • Viewer-adjustable text size, allowing individuals to adjust their TVs to display small, normal, or large captions
  • More text and background colors, including see-through backgrounds to optionally replace the big black block
  • More text styles, including edged or drop-shadowed text rather than the letters on a solid background
  • More text fonts, including monospaced and proportional spaced, serif and sans-serif, and some playful cursive fonts
  • Higher bandwidth, to allow more data per minute of video

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History

The first use of closed captioning on American television was on March 16, 1980. Sears had developed and sold the Telecaption adaptor, a decoding unit that could be connected to a standard television set. According to the National Captioning Institute, the first programs seen with captioning that Sunday evening were the ABC Sunday Night Movie, Disney's Wonderful World on NBC, and Masterpiece Theatre on PBS. The captioned Disney feature, showing at 7:00 pm EST, was the film Son of Flubber, while the ABC movie at 9:00 EST was Semi-Tough.[4]

On January 23rd, 1990, the Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990 was passed by US Congress. This Act gave the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) power to enact rules on the implementation of Closed Captioning. This Act required all analog television receivers with screens of at least 13 inches or greater, either sold or manufactured, to have the ability to display closed captioning in July 1, 1993. [5] The FCC later placed the same required was applied to digital television receivers by the FCC on July 1, 2002. [6] All the TV programming distributors in the United States must provide closed caption for Spanish language video programming by January 1, 2010. [7]

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Logo

The current and most familiar logo for closed captioning is comprised of two C's (for "closed captioned") inside a television screen. It was created by Jack Foley while he was a senior graphic designer at WGBH. Another logo, trademarked by the National Captioning Institute, was a speech balloon in the shape of a TV.[8]

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Bibliography

  • The Closed Captioning Handbook, by Gary D. Robson (ISBN 0-240-80561-5)
  • Alternative Realtime Careers: A Guide to Closed Captioning and CART for Court Reporters, by Gary D. Robson (ISBN 1-881859-51-7)
  • Realtime Captioning... The VITAC Way, by Amy Bowlen and Kathy DiLorenzo (no ISBN)

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See also

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References

  1. ^ [1] - ATSC Closed Captioning FAQ
  2. ^ [2] - ATSC Closed Captioning FAQ
  3. ^ [3] - ATSC Closed Captioning FAQ
  4. ^ "Today on TV", Chicago Daily Herald, March 11, 1980, Section 2-5
  5. ^ "Television Decodr Circuitry Act of 1990," from the United States Access Board website http://www.access-board.gov/sec508/guide/1194.24-decoderact.htm
  6. ^ "FCC Consumer Facts on Closed Captioning," http://www.fcc.gov/cgb/consumerfacts/closedcaption.html
  7. ^ FFC's "Part 79 -- Closed Captioning of Video Programming," http://www.fcc.gov/cgb/dro/captioning_regs.html
  8. ^ http://www.ncicap.org/ncilogo.asp National Captioning Institute Logos

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External links




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