Cardinal (Catholicism)
The secret creations, instead, are different than those created and reserved in pectore. They are known to the other cardinals. Pope Martin V was the first pope who created cardinals without "publishing" them at the same time (secret creation), while it was Pope Paul III who created the first cardinals in pectore.[8]
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Vesture and privileges
Excluding the rochet, which is always white, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments- the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith.[9][10] When in choir dress, including the cassock, mozzetta, zucchetto, and biretta. Until the 1460s it was customary for cardinals to wear a violet or blue cape unless granted the privilege of wearing red when acting on papal business. His normal-wear simar is black but has scarlet piping and a scarlet fascia (sash-like belt). Occasionally, a cardinal wears a scarlet ferraiolo which is a cape worn over the shoulders, tied in a bow by narrow strips of cloth in the front, without any 'trim' or piping on it. (It is because of the scarlet color of cardinals' vesture that the bird of the same name has become known as such.)[11]
Eastern-rite Cardinals will continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their rite, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet (there is a unique photograph of Joseph Cardinal Slypyj of the Ukrainian Catholic Church wearing the traditional eastern bishop's habit and a cardinal's galero).
In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. Though this custom has been discontinued, and the investiture now takes place with the red biretta, in ecclesiastical heraldry, the scarlet galero is still displayed on the cardinal's coat of arms. Cardinals had the right to display the galero in their cathedral, and when a cardinal died, it would be suspended from the ceiling above his tomb. Some cardinals will still have a galero made, even though it is not officially part of their apparel.
If the cardinal is not already a bishop, he is usually consecrated a bishop upon appointment. The designated cardinal however can petition the pope to dispense him from this requirement.
When celebrating Mass, a cardinal wears the same vestments as a bishop, even if he has not been consecrated as a bishop. A cardinal deacon, on certain occasions will wear a deacon's dalmatic as well as the episcopal mitre.
To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives the cardinals he appoints a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when a cardinal is greeted. The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it is a modern depiction of the crucifixion of Jesus, with Mary and John to each side. The ring includes the pope's coat of arms on the inside.
Cardinals have a "privilege of forum" (i.e., a right to hear cases) in matters arising directly under canon law. Only the pope is competent to judge them in cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to infringement of ecclesiastical laws and whatever contains an element of sin, where culpability must be determined and the appropriate ecclesiastical penalty imposed. The Pope can either pass judgement in person or delegate the decision to a body of the Holy See, such as the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith or the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura. All other ecclesiastical courts, even the Roman Rota, are not considered to have authority over them.[12] This privilege, however, still leaves cardinals subject to normal civil authority.
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Cardinals in popular culture
- Among others, Vincent Price, Charlton Heston, and Tim Curry have played Cardinal Richelieu in adaptations of The Three Musketeers.
- Orson Welles played Cardinal Thomas Wolsey in the 1966 screen adaptation of A Man for All Seasons, while Anthony Quayle played him in the 1969 film of Anne of the Thousand Days, and Sam Neill played him in the first season of the Showtime series The Tudors (2007), until the character's death.
- Anthony Quinn played the fictional Cardinal Kiril Lakota in The Shoes of the Fisherman (1968).
- George Carlin played the fictional Cardinal Ignatius Glick in Dogma (1999).
- Jonathan Pryce played the fictional Cardinal Daniel Houseman in Stigmata (1995).
- John Huston played the fictional Cardinal Glennon in The Cardinal (1963). That character is not to be confused with the real-life John Cardinal Glennon, who was elevated to that rank by Pope Pius XII in 1946 but then died in Ireland before he could make it back to the United States.
- In the comic book Warrior Nun Areala, Cardinals X, Stark, and Shoc serve as military leaders for the fictional Catholic Corps.
- Richard Chamberlain played the fictional Cardinal Ralph de Bricassart in The Thorn Birds (1983).
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See also
- List of Titular Churches in Rome
- Cardinal-nephew
- Cardinal protector
- College of Cardinals (organized by date of appointment)
- List of cardinals (organized alphabetically)
- List of Cardinals by country
- American Cardinals Dinner
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Bibliography
Battandier, Albert (1913). "Ecclesiastical Addresses". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.- Noonan, Jr., James-Charles (1996). The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church. Viking. ISBN 0-670-86745-4.
- Sägmüller, Johannes Baptist (1913). "Cardinal". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Giga-Catholic Information on all Cardinals
- List of All Cardinals by Precedence by Giga-Catholic Information
- List of all Cardinal Titular Churches by Giga-Catholic Information
- List of all Cardinal Deaconries by Giga-Catholic Information
- Examination of the ring of Cardinal O'Malley with pictures
- Catholic-pages List of Cardinals
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References
- ^ a b c Sägmüller, Johannes Baptist (1913). "Cardinal". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, the Catholic Bishops Conference of England and Wales, the Irish Bishops Conference and the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference. The Bishops' Conference of Scotland uses both the Latin and the usual English form, even on the same page.
- ^ Noonan, The Church Visible, p. 205.
- ^ The Latin order is found on diocesan sites of Boston, Chicago, Dublin, New York, Toronto, Washington; the usual English order on those of Armagh,Los Angeles, Philadelphia, St Andrews and Edinburgh, Wellington, Westminster.
- ^ Benedict XVI, 19 April 2005
- ^ His Holiness John Paul II Short Biography. Holy See Press Office (30 June 2005). Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
- ^ His Holiness John Paul II Biography. Holy See Press Office (30 June 2005). Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
- ^ Consistories of Martin V - July 23, 1423 (II), Note. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church.
- ^ Pope Benedict...He told them that the red signifies the dignity of their new office and that they must be ready "even to the point of spilling your blood for the increase of the Christian faith, for peace and harmony among the people of God, for freedom and the spread of the Holy Roman Catholic Church."
- ^ Applause and tears in Basilica greet Pontiff (November 26, 2007) Belfast Telegraph. Accessed 2008-06-01. Quote: "In a ceremony televised across the world Cardinal-elect Sean Brady knelt before Pope Benedict XVI and pledged his allegiance to the Church before receiving his special red birretta - a symbol of a Cardinal's dignity and willingness to shed blood for the increase of the Christian faith."
- ^ "Instruction on the dress, titles and coat-of-arms of cardinals, bishops and lesser prelates." (17 April 1969): vol.4. L'Osservatore Romano, English ed..
- ^ Canon 1405 §1 and canon 1406 §2
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