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Billy Graham



  • Malcolm Boyd expressed dismay at Graham's silence and alleged hypocrisy involving the Vietnam War and Watergate scandal. In his essay "Superchrist of a Superstate," Boyd stated: "[Graham] must surely be considered a religious leader, but it is a serious question now to what extent he has compromised his position as a moral leader."
  • Graham has been careful to take reasonable compensation far below what other television evangelists would later receive. Graham, along with associates whom he called the "Team," created in 1948 what one of them called, "The Modesto Manifesto," because they produced it in Modesto, California. They decided among themselves to avoid certain problems that gave evangelists a bad name. The first item on the list was a matter of money, to which Graham was sensitive, because of the practices of some unscrupulous evangelists. (The "manifesto" proceeded to note the dangers of sexual immorality, criticism of local churches, and exaggerated publicity.).[28][29] The official biography of Graham is John C. Pollock's Billy Graham: The Authorized Biography (1966). Other helpful biographical studies include William G. McLoughlin's Billy Graham: Revivalist in a Secular Age (1960), Curtis Mitchell's Billy Graham: The Making of a Crusader (1966), The Reader's Companion to American History (1997), Gospel Communications Network (GCN), Time Daily (Nov. 95), and People (1997).[30]
  • In 1993, Graham said in Columbus, Ohio, "Is AIDS a judgment of God? I could not say for sure, but I think so." After seeing letters criticizing that comment, Graham later said, "I remember saying it, and I immediately regretted it and almost went back and clarified the statement," and "To say God has judged people with AIDS would be very wrong and very cruel."[3][4]
  • Graham once said, "I fully adhere to the fundamental tenets of the Christian faith for myself... but as an American, I respect other paths to God."[citation needed] His refusal to proselytize to Jews, in particular, differed from the Southern Baptist Convention.[14] This was controversial since some Christians equated respecting with believing[citation needed], and inferred that Graham thought there were other ways to God than through Jesus.

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Awards and honors

Graham has frequently been honored by surveys, including "Greatest Living American," and has consistently ranked among the most admired persons in the United States and the world.[8] Between 1950 and 1990, he appeared most frequently on Gallup's list of most admired people.[31] The United States Postal Service has said that Graham is one of the few Americans, along with the current President, who can be delivered mail that simply reads his name and the country: "Billy Graham, America."[31]

He has received the Congressional Gold Medal from the United States Congress and the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Reagan, America's highest civilian honors.[31] President Bill Clinton and Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole awarded Graham the Congressional Gold Medal in a ceremony at the U.S. Capitol in 1996. [32] In December 2001, he was presented with an honorary knighthood, Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE), for his international contributions to civic and religious life over 60 years.

In 1971, Graham's hometown of Charlotte held "Billy Graham Day," at which President Nixon made an appearance.[12] On May 30, 1999, Graham was invited to give the pre-race invocation at the Indianapolis 500. On May 31, 2007, the $27 million Billy Graham Library was officially dedicated in Charlotte. Former Presidents Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton appeared to celebrate with Graham.[33][34] A highway in Charlotte also bears Graham's name.[23] In addition, in 1986, Graham was given North Carolina's highest honor, the North Carolina Award, for public service.[35]

In 2000, Former First Lady Nancy Reagan presented the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award to Rev. Graham. Graham has been a friend of the Reagans for years.[36]

Graham received the Big Brother of the Year Award for his work on behalf of children. He has been cited by the George Washington Carver Memorial Institute for his contributions to race relations. He has received the Templeton Foundation Prize for Progress in Religion and the Sylvanus Thayer Award for his commitment to "Duty, Honor, Country." The "Billy Graham Children's Health Center" in Asheville is named after and funded by Graham.[32]

In 1971, Graham received an award from the National Conference of Christians and Jews. After the Nixon tapes were released, Abraham Foxman of the Anti-Defamation League called for Graham to return the award.[14] He was honored by the American Jewish Committee with its National Interreligious Award for his efforts on behalf of Jewish-Christian relations; the committee called him one of the century's greatest Christian friends of Jews.[14]

For providing a platform during his events for many Christian musical artists, Graham was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 1999 by the Gospel Music Association. A professorial chair is named after him at the Southern Baptist Samford University, the Billy Graham Professor of Evangelism and Church Growth.[14] His alma mater Wheaton College has an archive of his papers at the Billy Graham Center.[3] The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has the Billy Graham School of Missions, Evangelism and Church Growth. Graham has received 20 honorary degrees and refused at least that many more.[8]

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Books by Billy Graham[37]

1. Calling Youth to Christ (1947)

2. America's Hour of Decision (1951)

3. I Saw Your Sons at War (1953)

4. Peace with God (1953, 1984)

5. Freedom from the Seven Deadly Sins (1955)

6. The Secret of Happiness (1955, 1985)

7. Billy Graham Talks to Teenagers (1958)

8. My Answer (1960)

9. Billy Graham Answers Your Questions (1960)

10. World Aflame (1965)

11. The Challenge (1969)

12. The Jesus Generation (1971)

13. Angels: God's Secret Agents (1975, 1985)

14. How to Be Born Again (1977)

15. The Holy Spirit (1978)

16. Till Armageddon (1981)

17. Approaching Hoofbeats (1983)

18. A Biblical Standard for Evangelists (1984)

19. Unto the Hills (1986)

20. Facing Death and the Life After (1987)

21. Answers to Life's Problems (1988)

22. Hope for the Troubled Heart (1991)

23. Storm Warning (1992)

24. Just As I Am: The Autobiography of Billy Graham (1997, 2007)

25. Hope for Each Day (2002)

26. The Key to Personal Peace (2003)

27. Living in God's Love: The New York Crusade (2005)

28. The Journey: How to Live by Faith in an Uncertain World (2006)

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Footnotes

  1. ^ "The Transition; Billy Graham to lead Prayers", The New York Times, 1992-12-09. Retrieved on 2007-12-24. 
  2. ^ The text originally said that Graham "is a member of the Southern Baptist Convention," but individuals cannot be members of the SBC. The SBC is a convention of churches. Individuals can be members of Southern Baptist churches and can consider themselves to be Southern Baptists, but cannot be members of the Convention.
  3. ^ a b c d e "BILLY GRAHAM: A MAN WITH A MISSION.(SPECIAL SECTION)", Cincinnati Post, June 27, 2002. Retrieved on 2007-08-18. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q http://205.188.238.109/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979573,00.html Time, God's Billy Pulpit, November 15, 1993
  5. ^ Who led Billy Graham to Christ and was it part of a chain of conversions going back to Dwight L. Moody?
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Billy Graham: an appreciation: wherever one travels around the world, the names of three Baptists are immediately known and appreciated--Jimmy Carter, Billy Graham and Martin Luther King, Jr. One is a politician, one an evangelist, and the other was a civil rights leader. All of them have given Baptists and the Christian faith a good reputation. (Biography)", Baptist History and Heritage, June 22, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-08-18. 
  7. ^ Kintera.org - The Giving Communities
  8. ^ a b c d e Billy Graham: the world is his pulpit.
  9. ^ Samaritan's Purse | International Relief
  10. ^ East Gates International
  11. ^ a b c http://www.time.com/time/time100/heroes/profile/graham01.html Time, Billy Graham, June 14, 1999
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "When worlds collide: politics, religion, and media at the 1970 East Tennessee Billy Graham Crusade. (appearance by President Richard M. Nixon)", Journal of Church and State, March 22, 1997. Retrieved on 2007-08-18. 
  13. ^ "In 1949, for example, William Randolph Hearst, head of one large publishing empire, and Henry Luce, chief of another, Time, Inc., were both worried about communism and the growth of liberalism in the United States." "Billy Graham, an obscure evangelist holding poorly attended tent meetings in Los Angeles. (...) Hearst and Luce interviewed the obscure preacher and decided he was worthy of their support. Billy Graham became an almost instantaneous national and, later, international figure preaching anticommunism. In late 1949, Hearst sent a telegram to all Hearst editors: "Puff Graham." The editors did - in Hearst newspapers, magazines, movies, and newsreels. Within two months Graham was preaching to crowds of 350,000." (from Ben Bagdikian, The Media Monopoly, Boston, Mass Usa: Beacon Press, 2000 6th ed., p. 39 ff)
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h New York Times, Billy Graham Responds to Lingering Anger Over 1972 Remarks on Jews, 17 March, 2002
  15. ^ http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1627139,00.html, Duffy, Michael and Gibbs, Nancy. TIME. Billy Graham: A Spiritual Gift to All, 2007-31-05. Retrieved on 2007-24-11.
  16. ^ http://abclocal.go.com/wjrt/story?section=nation_world&id=5582690 ABC12.com, Evangelist Billy Graham hospitalized, 19 August, 2007
  17. ^ http://www.billygraham.org/mediaRelations/bios.asp?p=1 Billy Graham Bio
  18. ^ a b c d "The President Preacher; In Crisis, White House Turns to Billy Graham", The Washington Post, January 18, 1991. Retrieved on 2007-08-18. 
  19. ^ "The Essence of Billy Graham; A Warm but Honest Biography of the Evangelist", The Washington Post, October 25, 1991. Retrieved on 2007-08-18. 
  20. ^ http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article2553945.ece Independent Article, Preacher power: America's God squad, 25 July, 2007
  21. ^ Quotation of section
  22. ^ [given source: March 1991 CIB Bulletin]
  23. ^ a b c "A Family at Cross-Purposes", Washington Post, December 13, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-08-18. 
  24. ^ a b http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1850077.stm BBC, Graham Regrets Jewish Slur, 2 March, 2002
  25. ^ http://www.slate.com/id/2063030/ Slate Article by David Greenberg, Assistant Professor Journalism & Media Studies at Rutgers University
  26. ^ http://www.ujc.org/content_display.html?ArticleID=32770 Eric J Greenberg, United Jewish Communities
  27. ^ a b http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14204483/site/newsweek/page/5/ Newsweek, Pilgrim's Progress, page 5
  28. ^ MinistryWatch Summary Report
  29. ^ Billy Graham - AOL Research & Learn
  30. ^ Billy Graham - AOL Research & Learn
  31. ^ a b c "The Billy pulpit: Graham's career in the mainline.", Christian Century, November 15, 2003. Retrieved on 2007-08-18. 
  32. ^ a b "Billy and Ruth Graham awarded Congressional Gold Medal for service.", Knight-Ridder News Service, May 2, 1996. Retrieved on 2007-08-18. 
  33. ^ [1]
  34. ^ ABC News: 3 Ex-Presidents Open Graham Library
  35. ^ "A MAN IN FULL; EVEN THOSE FAMILIAR WITH BILLY GRAHAM'S LIFE, EXHIBIT MAY OFFER REVELATIONS.(LIFE)", News and Record, Piedmont Triad, North Carolina, June 3, 2001. Retrieved on 2007-08-18. 
  36. ^ Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library
  37. ^ Graham, Billy. Just As I Am. New York: HarperCollins Worldwide, 1997. Copyright 1997 by the Billy Graham Evangelist Association.

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References

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External links

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Preceded by
Margaret Thatcher		 Recipient of The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award
2000		 Succeeded by
Rudy Giuliani


Persondata
NAME Graham, Billy
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Graham, William Franklin, Jr.
SHORT DESCRIPTION Protestant Christian Evangelist
DATE OF BIRTH November 7, 1918
PLACE OF BIRTH Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH



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