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BBC



The BBC and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office jointly run BBC Monitoring, which monitors radio, television, the press and the internet worldwide.

In the 1980s, the BBC developed several PCs, most notably the BBC Micro.

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Unions

Union membership is a private matter between staff and their chosen union: staff are not automatically covered by a union, but since the BBC is a large employer (in the media sector), membership numbers are considerable.[citation needed]

Staff at the BBC are normally represented by BECTU, along with journalistic staff by the NUJ and electrical staff by Amicus. Union membership is optional, and paid for by staff members and not by the BBC.

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Cultural significance

The BBC was the only television broadcaster in the United Kingdom until 1955 and the only legal radio broadcaster until 1969 (when URY obtained their first licence[citation needed]). Its cultural impact was therefore significant since the country had no choice for its information and entertainment from these two powerful media.

Even after the advent of commercial television and radio, the BBC has remained one of the main elements in British popular culture through its obligation to produce TV and radio programmes for the mass audiences. However the arrival of BBC2 allowed the BBC also to make programmes for minority interests in drama, documentaries, current affairs, entertainment and sport. Examples are cited such as I, Claudius, Civilisation, Tonight, Monty Python's Flying Circus, Doctor Who and Pot Black, but many other ground-breaking examples can be given in each of these fields as shown by the BBC's entries in the British Film Institute's 2000 list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes.[63] In radio the BBC has also maintained a high standard of news, drama, entertainment, documentaries, sport and music for all tastes, and still draws large audiences, while also serving minority tastes.

The BBC's objective of providing a service to the public, rather than just entertainment, has changed the public's perception in a wide range of subjects from health to natural history.[citation needed] By maintaining a high standard the BBC also defined a quality threshold that the commercial companies had to reach to retain their licences, but the advent of the multi-channel age is lessening this effect.[neutrality disputed] The export of BBC programmes, the BBC World Service and BBC World have meant that the cultural impact of the BBC has been also experienced world-wide.

Although the BBC has changed society, the society has also changed the BBC. The term BBC English (Received Pronunciation) refers to the former use of Standard English with this accent. However the organisation now makes more use of regional accents in order to reflect the diversity of the UK, though clarity and fluency are still expected of presenters. From its 'starchy' beginnings, the BBC has also become more inclusive, and now accommodates the interests of all strata of society and all minorities, because they all pay the licence fee. The BBC therefore plays a major role in maintaining a cohesive society.[citation needed]

Competition from Independent Television, Channel 4, Sky and other broadcast television stations, has slightly lessened the BBC's reach, but nevertheless it remains a major influence on British popular culture. Many popular everyday sayings are derived from BBC-produced television shows.[citation needed]

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Criticism

 The neutrality of this article is disputed.
Please see the discussion on the talk page.(May 2008)
Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved.
It has been suggested that some of the information in this article's Criticism or Controversy section(s) be merged into other sections to achieve a more neutral presentation. (Discuss)
Main article: Criticism of the BBC

The BBC has long faced allegations of a left wing, right wing or liberal bias,[64] and such criticism has been repeated most recently by past and present employees such as Antony Jay, Jeff Randall, Justin Webb and Andrew Marr.[65] Left-wing figures, such as the journalist John Pilger, have frequently accused the BBC of a right-wing bias (a view supported by the left-wing website Media Lens); the anti-Iraq war MP George Galloway has referred to it as the "Bush and Blair Corporation".[66]

Criticism of the BBC's middle east coverage, and allegations of a pronounced pro-Palestinian, anti-Israeli bias[67][68][69][70][71] led in 2004 to an internal investigation and a report written by senior BBC editorial adviser Malcolm Balen referred to as the Balen Report. Efforts to release the results of this report under the British Freedom of Information Act, were unsuccessful, thus leading to speculation that the report was damning, and to accusations of hypocrisy.[72] The BBC did make public the findings of an "independent panel report" written earlier, that said that while there was "no deliberate or systematic bias" in the BBC's reporting of the middle east, their coverage had been "inconsistent," "not always providing a complete picture" and "misleading".[73]

The BBC has received criticism in recent times over its coverage of the events leading up to the war in Iraq.[74] The controversy over what it described as the "sexing up" of the case for war in Iraq by the government, led to the BBC being heavily criticised by the Hutton Inquiry,[75] although this finding was much disputed by the British press.[76]

In August 2007 Plaid Cymru MP Adam Price highlighted what he perceived as a lack of a Welsh focus on BBC news broadcasts.[77] Price threatened to withhold future television licence fees in response to a lack of thorough news coverage of Wales, echoing a BBC Audience Council for Wales July report citing public frustration over how the Welsh Assembly is characterized in national media.[78] Plaid AM Bethan Jenkins agreed with Price and called for responsibility for broadcasting to be devolved to the Welsh Assembly, voicing similar calls from Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond.[77] Criticism of the BBC's news coverage for Wales and Scotland since devolution prompted debate of possibly providing evening news broadcasts with specific focus for both countries.[77]

The BBC has attracted criticism for the large salaries paid to some of its employees such as Jonathan Ross whose BBC contract is worth £4.5 millions annually.[79] A recent report into the salaries of such BBC employees by the BBC Trust concluded that the BBC was not paying more than the market price for leading TV talent.[80]

The licence fee has also attracted criticism. It has been argued that in an age of multi stream,multi-channel availability, an obligation to pay a licence fee is no longer appropriate. The BBC's use of the private sector company Capita to send letters to premises not paying the licence fee has been criticised, especially as there have been cases where such letters have been sent to premises which are up to date with their payments, or do not require a TV licence.[81] The BBC uses an advertising campaign to inform customers of the requirement to pay the licence fee. These letters and adverts have been criticised by MPs such as Boris Johnson and Ann Widdecombe, for having a threatening nature and language used to scare evaders into paying.[82][83] Audio clips and television broadcasts are used to inform listeners of the BBC's comprehensive database.[84] There are a number of pressure groups campaigning on the issue of the licence fee.[85]

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See also

BBC Portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:


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References

  1. ^ BBC website: About the BBC - What is the BBC. Retrieved on 2008-06-14.
  2. ^ Pharr, Susan; Krauss, Ellis (eds.) (1996). Media and Politics in Japan. University of Hawaii Press, p.5. ISBN 0824817613. 
  3. ^ Financial Times website: Encouraging information sharing. Retrieved on 2008-05-02.
  4. ^ BBC website: About the BBC - Purpose and values. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  5. ^ a b c d BBC Royal Charter and Agreement. Retrieved on 2007-01-03.
  6. ^ Davies, Alan. Radio Rewind : Kenny Everett. Retrieved on 2007-05-10.
  7. ^ BBC Press Release: Mark Thompson celebrates the official opening of a new state-of-the art BBC building in Hull (21 October 2004). Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  8. ^ Times Online: Auntie Beeb suffers a relapse (7 December 2004). Retrieved on 2007-02-12.
  9. ^ IMDB listing for Auntie's Big Bloomers. Retrieved on 2007-05-07.
  10. ^ [1]|BBC News Sources
  11. ^ Western Electric was a subsidiary of AT&T and, confusingly, Thomson-Houston in the USA had its roots in the (American) General Electric Co.—even more confusingly, British Thomson-Houston is sometimes referred to as Hotpoint Electric Appliance Co., which was formed by BTH in 1921—Burndept Ltd. was later added to the list to represent the interests of smaller electrical manufacturers in the UK Old Broadcasting Equipment and Memories - BC: Before the Corporation: compiled by Mike Chessher. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
  12. ^ BBC Press Office: Key BBC Dates. Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
  13. ^ Graham, Russ J. (31 October 2005). Baird: The edit that rewrote history. Retrieved on 2006-08-11.
  14. ^ Committees of Enquiry: Pilkington Committee (PDF) p. 4 (1 June 1962). Retrieved on 2006-09-30.
  15. ^ Imogen Carter. "The day we woke up to pop music on Radio 1", Daily Telegraph, 2007-09-27. Retrieved on 2007-09-30. 
  16. ^ "The Offshore Radio Revolution in Britain 1964 - 2004", H2G2, 2004-08-31. Retrieved on 2007-07-22. 
  17. ^ The Guestroom for Mr Cock-up. See bottom of page.
  18. ^ Ratings for 1978
  19. ^ "Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC", BBC Press Office, 2007-10-18. Retrieved on 2007-10-18. 
  20. ^ BBC Trust. Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
  21. ^ BBC Trust. Retrieved on 2008-03-13.
  22. ^ BBC Press Release: New BBC Trust to represent the public interest (12 October 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  23. ^ a b BBC Press Release: Michael Grade resigns as BBC Chairman (28 November 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-05.
  24. ^ BBC Trust (1 May 2007). Press Release: Sir Michael Lyons joins BBC Trust as new Chairman. Retrieved on 2007-07-03.
  25. ^ BBC. About the BBC – Executive Board Biographies. Retrieved on 2007-03-11.
  26. ^ BBC. Annual Report and Accounts 2004-05: Financial review (PDF) p. 96. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  27. ^ BSkyB. Annual Report and Accounts 2005 (PDF) p. 40. Retrieved on 2006-07-07.
  28. ^ ITV. Annual Report 2005 (PDF) p. 39. Retrieved on 2006-07-07.
  29. ^ GCap Media. Annual Report 2005-06 (PDF) p. 63. Retrieved on 2006-07-07.
  30. ^ BBC. Annual Report and Accounts 2004-2005 (PDF) p. 94. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  31. ^ BBC. Annual Report and Accounts 2005-2006 (PDF) pp. 103–104. Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
  32. ^ BBC. Annual Report and Accounts 2005-2006 (PDF) p. 61. Retrieved on 2006-07-07.
  33. ^ BBC. Annual Report and Accounts 2005-2006 (PDF) pp. 106–107. Retrieved on 2006-07-07.
  34. ^ BBC. New Broadcasting House. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  35. ^ BBC. New Broadcasting House - The future. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  36. ^ BBC News Online (31 May 2007). BBC Salford move gets green light. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
  37. ^ BBC Press Office (October 2006). Key Facts - BBC News and Current Affairs. Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
  38. ^ a b c BBC Press Release: Governors report progress in delivery - Notes to Editors (7 July 2006). Retrieved on 2006-07-07.
  39. ^ Cozens, Claire. "BBC news ratings double", The Guardian, 8 July 2005. Retrieved on 2006-12-25. 
  40. ^ BBC. Statistics on BBC Webservers 7 July 2005. Retrieved on 2006-11-13.
  41. ^ RAJAR (11 May 2006). Quarterly Summary of Radio Listening - Quarter 1 2006 - National Stations (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  42. ^ BBC World Service. Annual Review 2005-2006: A year in brief (PDF). Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
  43. ^ Middle East Times (15 March 2006). BBC Arabic TV appoints former Al Jazeera employee as news editor. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  44. ^ BBC Press Release: BBC to podcast up to 20 more programmes including Today and Radio 1 speech highlights (14 April 2005). Retrieved on 2006-07-13.
  45. ^ BBC News Report (15 March 2007). Retrieved on 2007-03-15.
  46. ^ BBC Press Release: BBC to trial High Definition broadcasts in 2006 (8 November 2005). Retrieved on 2006-07-07.
  47. ^ bbc.co.uk Commissioning. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  48. ^ bbc.co.uk Key Facts. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  49. ^ Alexa. Top English-language Sites. Retrieved on 2007-03-12.
  50. ^ Alexa. Global Top 500 Sites. Retrieved on 2007-03-12.
  51. ^ Richard Titus (2007-12-13). A lick of paint for the BBC homepage. BBC Internet Blog. Retrieved on 2008-02-05.
  52. ^ BBC Press Release: BBC News opens its archives for the first time (3 January 2006). Retrieved on 2006-10-03.
  53. ^ BBC Trust suspends BBC Jam. BBC Trust (2007-03-14). Retrieved on 2008-02-05.
  54. ^ Graf, Philip. Department of Culture, Media and Sport: Independent Review of BBC Online, pp41-58 (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  55. ^ British Internet Publishers Alliance (31 May 2005). BIPA Response to Review of the BBC’s Royal Charter. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  56. ^ "Public value key to BBC websites", BBC News Online, 8 November 2004. Retrieved on 2006-07-06. 
  57. ^ 99 per cent of the BBC archives is on the shelves. We ought to liberate it. The Independent (2006-08-14).
  58. ^ BBC Press Office: BBCi Key Facts. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  59. ^ BBC Japan website. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  60. ^ BBC Worldwide. Annual Review 2006 (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
  61. ^ BBC Worldwide. Annual Review 2001. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
  62. ^ Origin Publishing. Retrieved on 2006-12-31.
  63. ^ The BFI TV 100: 1-100. British Film Institute (2000). Retrieved on 2007-02-23.
  64. ^ The Centre for Policy Studies[2] "Since at least the mid-1980s, the BBC has often been criticised for a perceived bias against those on the centre-right of politics".
  65. ^ TimesOnline (Saturday, August 12, 2007). Confessions of a BBC liberal. Retrieved on 2007-08-18.
  66. ^ Edge Hill University (12 April 2006). George Galloway Attacks 'Blair's Bloody Legacy'. Retrieved on 2007-10-23.
  67. ^ [3]
  68. ^ [4]
  69. ^ [5]
  70. ^ [6]
  71. ^ [7]
  72. ^ [8]
  73. ^ [9]
  74. ^ BBC NewsWatch (22 December 2006). Viewers most common complaints of 2006 (Video). Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
  75. ^ Lord Hutton. Investigation into the circumstances surrounding the death of Dr. David Kelly. Retrieved on 2006-11-11.
  76. ^ "UK press mauls Hutton 'whitewash'", CNN, 29 January 2004. Retrieved on 2006-11-11. 
  77. ^ a b c Plaid MP's BBC licence fee threat Monday, 20 August 2007
  78. ^ BBC audiences 'want modern Wales' Monday, 16 July 2007
  79. ^ "Ross to stay at the BBC", BBC News, 2nd June 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-06. 
  80. ^ "BBC stars 'are not paid too much'", BBC News, 2nd June 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-06. 
  81. ^ "Why am I being hounded like this?", Telegraph, 22nd Sept 2006. Retrieved on 2008-02-06. 
  82. ^ "I won't pay to be abused by the BBC", Telegraph, 26th May 2005. Retrieved on 2008-02-06. 
  83. ^ "BBC BULLIES' SHAME IN LICENCE FEE CHAOS", Daily Express, 7th Nov 2007. Retrieved on 2008-02-06. 
  84. ^ "TV Licensing", TV Licensing, 2nd June 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-06. 
  85. ^ "Example of Licence Fee pressure group", Campaign to Abolish the Licence Fee, 2nd June 2008. Retrieved on 2008-02-06. 

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Bibliography

  • Briggs, Asa. - The BBC - The First Fifty Years - Condensed version of the five-volume history by the same author. - Oxford University Press, 1985. ISBN 0-19-212971-6
  • Coulton, Barbara. - Louis MacNeice in the BBC - Writer and producer from 1941 to 1961 in the Features Department of BBC radio. - Faber & Faber, 1980. ISBN 0-571-11537-3
  • Gilder PhD., Eric. - Mass Media Moments in the United Kingdom, the USSR and the USA. - Historical background relating to the British Broadcasting Company, Ltd., its founding companies; their transatlantic connections; General Post Office licensing system; commercial competitors from Europe before World War II and offshore during the 1960s. - "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu Press, Romania. 2003. ISBN 973-651-596-6
  • Milne, Alasdair. - The memoirs of a British broadcaster - History of the Zircon spy satellite affair, written by a former Director General of the BBC. A series of BBC radio programmes called "The Secret Society" led to a raid by police in both England and Scotland to seize documents as part of a government censorship campaign. - Coronet, 1989. - ISBN 0-340-49750-5
  • Moran, Lord. - Churchill at War 1940 to 1945 - The Memoirs of Churchill's Doctor, with an introduction by Lord Moran's son, John, the present Lord Moran. - This diary paints an intimate portrait of Churchill by Sir Charles Watson, his personal physician (Lord Moran), who spent the war years with the Prime Minister. In his diary, Moran recorded insights into Churchill's character, and moments when he let his guard down, including his views about the BBC being riddled with communists. - Carroll & Graf, 2002. Reissue ISBN 0-7867-1041-1
  • Parker, Derek. - David & Charles - Radio: The Great Years - History of BBC radio programmes from the beginning until the date of publication. 1977. ISBN 0-7153-7430-3
  • Spangenberg, Jochen. - The BBC in Transition. Reasons, Results and Consequences - Encompassing account of the BBC and influencing external factors until 1996. - Deutscher Universitaetsverlag. 1997. ISBN 3-8244-4227-2
  • Wilson, H.H. - Pressure Group - History of the political fight to introduce commercial television into the United Kingdom. - Rutgers University Press, 1961.
  • West, W.J. - Truth Betrayed a critical assessment of the BBC, London, 1987, ISBN 0-7156-2182-3

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