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Battle for Henderson Field



Although the Japanese army's attack on the Allied Lunga perimeter was decisively defeated in this battle, the Japanese were not yet ready to give up the struggle for Guadalcanal. The Japanese army and navy made immediate plans to move the rest of the 38th Division to the island, along with the 51st Infantry Division, to try a further offensive against Henderson Field in November 1942.[58]

The Japanese again planned to bombard Henderson Field with battleships in order to allow a convoy of transport ships to deliver the 38th's troops and heavy equipment. In contrast, however, to what occurred on October 14, this time the U.S. Navy moved to intercept the battleship forces sent by Yamamoto from Truk to shell the airfield. During the ensuing Naval Battle of Guadalcanal from November 13 – 15, Allied naval and air forces turned back two Japanese attempts to bombard Henderson Field and almost completely destroyed the transport convoy carrying the remainder of the 38th Division. After this failure to deliver significant additional troops to the island, the Japanese commanders finally conceded defeat in the battle for Guadalcanal and evacuated most of their surviving troops by the first week of February, 1943. Building on their success at Guadalcanal and elsewhere, the Allies continued their campaign against Japan, ultimately culminating in Japan's defeat and the end of World War II.[59]  

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Notes

  1. ^ Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, p. 143 and Frank, Guadalcanal, p. 338. Number reflects total Allied forces on Guadalcanal, not necessarily the number directly involved in the battle. 4,500 more American troops defended Tulagi.
  2. ^ Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, p. 323, Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, p. 139. 5,000 were present on the island after the Battle of Edson's Ridge and 15,000 more were delivered between that time and October 17.
  3. ^ a b c Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, p. 337.
  4. ^ Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 364–65. About 200 U.S. troops were wounded. Casualty figures from various official U.S. military records differ somewhat from each other.
  5. ^ Frank, Guadalcanal, p. 365. U.S. 1st Marine Division official history estimates 2,200 Japanese were killed but Frank states that that number, "is probably below the actual total." Rottman, Japanese Army, p. 63, says 3,000 Japanese were killed.
  6. ^ Hogue, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 235–36.
  7. ^ Morison, Struggle for Guadalcanal, pp. 14–5 and Shaw, First Offensive, p. 18.
  8. ^ Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 96–9, Dull, Imperial Japanese Navy, p. 225, Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, pp. 137–38.
  9. ^ Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 202, 210–211.
  10. ^ Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 141–43, 156–8, 228–46, & 681.
  11. ^ Smith, Bloody Ridge, pp. 132 & 158, Rottman, Japanese Army, p. 61, Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, p. 152, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 224, 251–4, 266–8, & 289–90, and Dull, Imperial Japanese Navy, pp. 225–26.
  12. ^ Rottman, US Marine Corps, p. 71.
  13. ^ Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, p. 156 and Smith, Bloody Ridge, pp. 198–200.
  14. ^ Smith, Bloody Ridge, p. 204 and Frank, Guadalcanal, p. 270.
  15. ^ Zimmerman, The Guadalcanal Campaign, pp. 96–101, Smith, Bloody Ridge, pp. 204–15, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 269–90, Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 169–76, and Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 318–22. The 2nd Infantry was called Sendai because most of its soldiers were from Miyagi Prefecture.
  16. ^ Cook, Cape Esperance, pp. 16, 19–20, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 293–97, Morison, Struggle for Guadalcanal, pp. 147–49, Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, pp. 140–42, and Dull, Imperial Japanese Navy, p. 225.
  17. ^ Dull, Imperial Japanese Navy, pp. 226–30, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 289–330, Morison, Struggle for Guadalcanal, pp. 149–71, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, p. 322, and Rottman, Japanese Army, p. 61. The Japanese troops delivered to Guadalcanal during this time comprised the entire 2nd (Sendai) Infantry Division, two battalions from the 38th Infantry Division, and various artillery, tank, engineer, and other support units.
  18. ^ Morison, Struggle for Guadalcanal, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 315–20, 171–5, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 326–27.
  19. ^ Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 328–29, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 319–21.
  20. ^ Shaw, First Offensive, p. 34, and Rottman, Japanese Army, p. 63.
  21. ^ Rottman, Japanese Army, p. 61, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 328–40, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 329–30, Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 186–87. Kawaguchi's forces also included what remained of the 3rd Battalion, 124th Infantry Regiment which was originally part of the 35th Infantry Brigade commanded by Kawaguchi during the Battle of Edson's Ridge.
  22. ^ Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 186–90, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 343–44, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 328–29, Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, pp. 144–46.
  23. ^ Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, p. 155, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 339–41, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, p. 330, Rottman, Japanese Army, p. 62, Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 187–88, Jersey, Hell's Islands, p. 267, 274. Only one Japanese gun, a 75 mm mountain gun, actually reached a firing position to support the attack and only fired 20 rounds. Hyakutake sent a member of his staff, Colonel Masanobu Tsuji to monitor the 2nd Division's progress along the trail and to report to him on whether the attack could begin on October 22 as scheduled. Masanobu Tsuji has been identified by some historians as the most likely cuprit behind the Bataan death march.
  24. ^ Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 330–32, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 342–45, Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, p. 193, Jersey, Hell's Islands, p. 283.
  25. ^ Rottman, Japanese Army, p. 62, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 342–44, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 330–32, Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 186–93, Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, pp. 159–60.
  26. ^ Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, p. 193, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 346–48, Rottman, Japanese Army, p. 62.
  27. ^ Miller, Cactus Air Force, pp. 143–44.
  28. ^ Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 332–33, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 349–50, Rottman, Japanese Army, pp. 62–3, Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 195–96. Twelve tanks were originally landed by the Japanese. Two were damaged during the landing and one was later destroyed during a feint at the mouth of the Matanikau (Gilbert, Marine Tank Battles, p. 48–49.
  29. ^ Gilbert, Marine Tank Battles, p. 49, Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, pp. 157–58, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 349–50, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, p. 332, Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 195–96. The Marines lost 2 killed in the action. Nakaguma's infantry losses aren't recorded but were, according to Frank, "unquestionably severe." Griffith says that 600 of Nakaguma's men were killed. Only 17 of the 44 members of the 1st Independent Tank Company survived the battle.
  30. ^ Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, p. 196, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 351–52, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, p. 333.
  31. ^ Shaw, First Offensive, p. 37, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 348–52, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, p. 333.
  32. ^ a b Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 353–4.
  33. ^ Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, pp. 160–2.
  34. ^ Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 197–98.
  35. ^ Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 354–55, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, p. 334.
  36. ^ Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 334–35 and Frank, Guadalcanal, p. 355.
  37. ^ Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, p. 198, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 355–56, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 334–35, Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, pp. 160–63.
  38. ^ Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 334–35, Frank, Guadalcanal, p. 356.
  39. ^ Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 356–58.
  40. ^ Miller, Cactus Air Force, pp. 145–46, Frank, Guadalcanal, p. 357, Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 201–02.
  41. ^ Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 201–02, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 357–59, Miller, Cactus Air Force, p. 147.
  42. ^ Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 360–61, Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 201–02, Miller, Cactus Air Force, pp. 147–49.
  43. ^ Lundstrom, Guadalcanal Campaign, pp. 343–52, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 359–61, Miller, Cactus Air Force, pp. 146–51, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, pp. 335–36. The aircraft from Hiyō were based at Rabaul and Buin. The reconnaissance aircraft was from the Japanese Army Air Force's 76th Independent Air Squadron.
  44. ^ Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, p. 164, Frank, Guadalcanal, p. 361, Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, p. 336.
  45. ^ a b Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 361–2.
  46. ^ Hough, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, p. 336.
  47. ^ Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, pp. 203–04.
  48. ^ Zimmerman, Guadalcanal Campaign, pp. 122–23.
  49. ^ a b Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 363–4.
  50. ^ a b Griffith, Battle for Guadalcanal, p. 204.
  51. ^ Zimmerman, Guadalcanal Campaign, pp. 122–23.
  52. ^ Jersey, Hell's Islands, p. 292, Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive, p. 166, Frank, Guadalcanal, p. 364.
  53. ^ Frank, Guadalcanal, p. 406.
  54. ^ Frank, Guadalcanal, p. 407.
  55. ^ Frank, Guadalcanal, 418, 424, and 553.
  56. ^ Morison, Struggle for Guadalcanal, pp. 199–207, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 368–78, Dull, Imperial Japanese Navy, pp. 235–37. Admiral Chester Nimitz, Allied Commander in Chief of Pacific Forces, replaced Ghormley with Halsey on October 18.
  57. ^ Dull, Imperial Japanese Navy, pp. 237–44, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 379–03, Morison, Struggle for Guadalcanal, pp. 207–24.
  58. ^ Rottman, Japanese Army, pp. 63–4, Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 404–06.
  59. ^ Frank, Guadalcanal, pp. 428–92, Rottman, Japanese Army, p. 64, Dull, Imperial Japanese Navy, pp. 245–69.

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References

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External links

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Further reading

  • Proser, Jim; Jerry Cutter (2004). I'm Staying with My Boys..." The Heroic Life of Sgt. John Basilone, USMC. Lightbearer Communications Company. ISBN 0975546104. 
  • Twining, Merrill B. (1996). No Bended Knee: The Battle for Guadalcanal. Novato, CA, USA: Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-826-1. 



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