Bamberg
Bamberg is also known for Rauchbier (or smoked beer in English). The most famous being Schlenkerla "Aecht Schlenkerla Rauchbier" from the Heller brewery and which can be enjoyed fresh at the Schlenkerla tavern on the Dominikaner Strasse in the Old Town.
Bamberg is currently (2005) home to 9 traditional breweries (Brauerei Fässla, Brauerei Greifenklau, Brauerei Heller-Trum ("Schlenkerla"), Brauerei Kaiserdom, Keesmann Bräu, Klosterbräu, Mahrs Bräu, Maisel Bräu and Brauerei Spezial) and one modern brewpub (Ambräusianum)[2] which is unprecedented in a city of only 70,000 people.
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Geography
Bamberg is located in Franconia, 63 km north of Nuremberg by railway and 101 km east of Würzburg, also by rail. It is situated on the Regnitz river, 3 km before it flows into the Main river.
Its geography is shaped by the Regnitz and by the foothills of the Steigerwald, part of the German uplands. From northeast to southwest, the town is divided into first the Regnitz plain, then one large and several small islands formed by two arms of the Regnitz (Inselstadt), and finally the part of town on the hills, the "Hill Town" (Bergstadt).
Bamberg extends over seven hills, each crowned by a beautiful church. This has led to Bamberg being called the "Franconian Rome" - although a running joke among Bamberg's tour guides is to refer to Rome as the "Italian Bamberg".
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Sights
The Old Town of Bamberg is included in the UNESCO World Heritage, since it has retained its medieval look. In 2005, the city established a documentation centre to support World Heritage activities. Some of the main sights are:
- Cathedral (1237), with the tombs of emperor Henry II and Pope Clement II
- Alte Hofhaltung, residence of the bishops in the 16th and 17th centuries
- Neue Residenz, residence of the bishops after the 17th century
- Old Town Hall (1386), built in the middle of the Regnitz River, accessible by two bridges
- Klein-Venedig ("Little Venice"), a colony of picturesque fishermen's houses from the 19th century along one side of the river Regnitz.
- Michaelsberg Monastery, build in 12th century on one of Bambergs "Seven Hills"
- Altenburg, castle, former residence of the bishops
Cathedral
The cathedral is a late Romanesque building with four grand towers. It was founded in 1004 by the emperor Henry II, finished in 1012 and consecrated on May 6, 1012. It was later partially destroyed by fire in 1081. The new cathedral, built by St. Otto of Bamberg, was consecrated in 1111 and in the 13th century received its present late-Romanesque form.
The cathedral is 94 m long, 28 m broad, 26 m high, and the four towers are each about 81 m high. Of its many historic works of art may be mentioned the magnificent marble tomb of the founder and his wife considered the masterpiece of the sculptor Tilman Riemenschneider, and carved between 1499 and 1513. Another treasure of the cathedral is an equestrian statue known as the Bamberg Horseman (German: Der Bamberger Reiter). This statue, possibly belonging to the emperor Conrad III, most likely dates to approximately 1200. The statue also serves as a symbol of the city.
Neue Residenz
The Neue Residenz (New Palace) (1698-1704) was initially occupied by the prince-bishops, and from 1864 to 1867 by the deposed King Otto of Greece. The magnificent Rosengarten (Rose Garden) offers excellent views of the city.
The Altenburg is located at the highest of Bamberg's seven hills. It was mentioned for the first time in 902 BCE.[citation needed] Between 1251 and 1553 it was the residence of Bamberg's bishops. Destroyed in 1553 by Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, it was used, after scanty repairs, only as a prison, and increasingly decayed.
In 1801 doctor A. F. Marcus bought the castle and completely repaired it. His friend, the famous German writer E.T.A. Hoffmann, who was very impressed by the building, lived there for a while. The next owner, Anton von Greifenstein, founded in 1818 an association to save the castle. This society still maintains the whole property today. The Altenburg serves as a high-class restaurant and has a beautiful view.
Other sights
Other noteworthy churches are the Jakobskirche, an 11th-century Romanesque basilica; the St Martinskirche; the Marienkirche or Obere Pfarrkirche (1320-1387), which has now been restored to its original pure Gothic style. The Michaelskirche, 12th-century Romanesque (restored), on the Michaelsberg, was formerly the church of a Benedictine monastery secularized in 1803, which now contains the Burgerspital, or almshouse, and the museum and municipal art collections.
Of the bridges connecting the sections of the lower town, a very interesting one is the Obere Brücke, completed in 1455. Halfway across this, on an island, is the Rathaus or City Hall (rebuilt 1744-1756). The royal lyceum, formerly a Jesuit college, contains notable collections and the royal library of over 300,000 volumes. The picturesque Old Palace (Alte Hofhaltung) was built in 1591 on the site of an old residence of the counts of Babenberg. Noteworthy among the monuments of the town is the Maximilian fountain (1880), with statues of Maximilian I of Bavaria, the emperor Henry II and his wife, Conrad III and St Otto, bishop of Bamberg.
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Education
The University of Bamberg, named Otto-Friedrich University, offers higher education in the areas of social science, business studies and the humanities, and is attended by more than 9300 students. Bamberg is also home to eight secondary schools called Gymnasien:
- Clavius-Gymnasium
- Dientzenhofer-Gymnasium
- Eichendorff-Gymnasium
- E.T.A.-Hoffmann-Gymnasium
- Franz-Ludwig-Gymnasium
- Kaiser-Heinrich-Gymnasium
- Maria-Ward-Gymnasium
- Theresianum
There are also numerous other institutes for primary, secondary, technical, vocational and adult education.
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Infrastructure
- Railway: The InterCityExpress main line #28 (Munich - Nuremberg - Leipzig - Berlin - Hamburg) runs through Bamberg. To Munich the train journey takes about two hours. To Berlin it takes about four hours as of 2007; but construction of a new, shorter and faster connection through the Thuringian mountains has been underway for some years.
East-west connections are poorer. Bamberg is connected to other towns in eastern Upper Franconia such as Bayreuth, Coburg, and Kronach, with usually at least an hourly regional service. Connections to the west are hourly regional trains to Würzburg, which is fully connected to the ICE network. Tourists arriving at Frankfurt International Airport will have to change trains in Würzburg to get to Bamberg or take a detour via Nuremberg.
- Motorways: Bamberg is not near any of the major (i.e. single-digit) Autobahns. But it is neverteheless well connected to the network: the A70 from Schweinfurt (connecting to the A7 there) to Bayreuth (connecting to the A9) runs along the northern edge of the town. The A73 on the eastern side of town connects Bamberg to Nuremberg (connecting to the A9) and will, once construction is completed, extend further north into Thuringia, ending at Suhl (Anticipated completion date is 2008).
- Water transport: The Rhine-Main-Danube Canal begins near Bamberg. With its completion in 1992, uninterrupted water transport was made possible between the North Sea and the Black Sea.
- Local transport: Local transport within Bamberg relies exclusively on buses. More than 20 lines connect the outlying quarters and some villages in the vicinity to the Central Bus Station. In addition, there are several "Night Lines" (the last of these, though, tend to run around midnight) and some Park and Ride lines from parking lots on the periphery to the town centre.
A short-lived tram system existed in the 1920s.
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Politics
Bamberg is an independent city. Its town council (Stadtrat) and its Lord Mayor (Oberbürgermeister) are elected every six years, though not in the same year. Thus, the last municipal election for the town council was in 2008, for the Lord Mayor in 2006.
As of March 2008, the 44 member-town-council comprises 15 CSU councillors, 10 SPD councillors, 7 Green councillors, 5 councillors of the Bamberger Bürger-Block and 3 of the Freie Wähler (Free Voters), both local political movements. These five parties achieved the number of councillors necessary to form a caucus. In addition, there are 2 councillors of the Bamberger Realisten and one of the FDP and the far-right Republicans (Germany), making them ineligible for caucus status. This is the result of the municipal elections of 2 March 2008.
Lord Mayors since 1945:
- 1945 - 1958: Luitpold Weegmann (CSU)
- 1958 - 1982: Theodor Mathieu (CSU)
- 1982 - 1994: Paul Röhner (CSU)
- 1994 - 2006: Herbert Lauer (independent)
- since 1 May 2006: Andreas Starke (SPD)
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Twin towns
Bedford, United Kingdom
Esztergom, Hungary
Feldkirchen, Austria
Prague, Czech Republic
Rodez, France- Villach, Austria
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Famous residents
- Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (1907-1944), German officer - July 20 Plot attempt to assassinate German dictator Adolf Hitler
- Conrad III of Germany, king of Germany
- E.T.A. Hoffmann, author and composer
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, philosopher
- Ida Noddack-Tacke, chemist and physicist she discovered element 75 Rhenium
- Karl Friedrich Gottlob Wetzel, writer and illustrator Fränkischen Merkur
- Paul Maar, writer and illustrator
- Pope Clement II, bishop of Bamberg from 1040 to 1046
- Willy Messerschmitt(1898–1978), aircraft designer Flugzeugbau Messerschmitt GmbH
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Gallery
 Old Town Hall |
 close look on "Little Venice" |
 "Little Venice" |
 St Martin and Green Market |
 The Rose Garden at the Neue Residenz |
 Rose Garden detail |
 Church St Jacob |
 Bamberg roof tops from the Rose Garden in Bamberg |
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See also
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References
- ^ The Witch Persecution at Bamberg. Hanover College. Retrieved on 2007-08-26. “On Wednesday, June 28, 1628, was examined without torture Johannes Junius, Burgomaster at Bamberg, on the charge of witch-craft: how and in what fashion he had fallen into that vice. Is fifty-five years old, and was born at Niederwaysich in the Wetterau. Says he is wholly innocent, knows nothing of the crime has never in his life renounced God: says that he is wronged hefore God and the world, would like to hear of a single human being who has seen him at such gatherings [as the witch-sabbaths].”
- ^ Ambräusianum, Bamberg
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
- This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. - See article at Bamberg
- JewishEncyclopedia
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External links
- Official website (German), (English)
- Bamberg info for visitors (German), (English), (French), (Italian), (Russian), (Chinese), (Spanish)
- Schlenkerla Brewery website (German), (English)
- Bamberg travel information (German)
- Bamberger-Bier.de - everything you have to know about Bambergs brewing tradition (German), (English)
- Bamberg beer guide (English)
- US Army garrison Bamberg (English)
- Description on the UNESCO World Heritage website (English)
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