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Astrology



The Mars effect: relative frequency of the diurnal position of Mars in the birth chart of eminent athletes.
The Mars effect: relative frequency of the diurnal position of Mars in the birth chart of eminent athletes.

The scientific community says that astrology has repeatedly failed to demonstrate its effectiveness in numerous controlled studies.[10][11] Effect size studies in astrology conclude that the mean accuracy of astrological predictions is no greater than what is expected by chance, and astrology's perceived performance has disappeared on critical inspection.[54] When testing for cognitive, behavioral, physical and other variables, one study of astrological "time twins" showed that human characteristics are not molded by the influence of the Sun, Moon and planets at the time of birth.[54][55] Skeptics of astrology also suggest that the perceived accuracy of astrological interpretations and descriptions of one's personality can be accounted for by the fact that people tend to exaggerate positive 'hits' and overlook whatever does not fit, especially when vague language is used.[54] They also argue that statistical research is often wrongly seen as evidence for astrology due to uncontrolled artifacts.[56] A large-scale study, with a sample size of about 15,000 "astro-twins", was published in 2006. It examined the relationship between date of birth and individual differences in personality and general intelligence, and found no evidence that a connection existed.[57] It also found no relationship between the zodiacal signs and participants' personal traits.[57]

French psychologist and statistician Michel Gauquelin claimed to have found correlations between some planetary positions and certain human traits such as vocations.[58] Gauquelin's most widely known claim is known as the Mars effect, which is said to demonstrate a correlation between the planet Mars occupying certain positions in the sky more often at the birth of eminent sports champions than at the birth of ordinary people. A similar claim is made by Richard Tarnas in his work Cosmos and Psyche, in which he explores correspondences between planetary alignments and historically significant events and individuals.

Since its original publication in 1955, the Mars effect has been the subject of critical studies and skeptical publications which refute it,[59][60][61] and studies in fringe journals claiming to support or expand the original claims.[62][63] Gauquelin's research has not received mainstream scientific notice.

The Forer effect is seen in astrology when most people simply accept their horoscopes as custom even if, by logic, it would mean that 1/12 of the world would have the exact same day or week.

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See also

Astrology Portal

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References

  • [1] "Hindu Electional Astrology" - a compendium on Vedic / Hindu system of electional (Muhurt) astrology detailing their principles, prescriptions & database of over 250 elections of important life activities. ISBN 81-901413-0-9
  1. ^ Robert Hand. The History of Astrology — Another View. Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
  2. ^ a b c Eysenck, H.J., Nias, D.K.B., Astrology: Science or Superstition? (Penhuin Books, 1982)
  3. ^ David Pingree. The Dictionary of the History of Ideas, Astrology. Retrieved on 2007-12-18.
  4. ^ Reinhold Ebertin. Combination of Stellar Influences. ISBN 978-0866900874. 
  5. ^ Michael Star. Astrology FAQ, Basics for Beginners and Students of Astrology. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
  6. ^ Alan Oken. Alan Oken’s As Above So Below. ISBN 978-0553027761. 
  7. ^ Nick Campion. Nick Campion's Online Astrology Resource: Science & Astrology. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
  8. ^ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Meriam-Webster. Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
  9. ^ "astrology" Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
  10. ^ a b WordNet 2.1. Princeton. Retrieved on 2006-07-05.
  11. ^ a b c d Activities With Astrology. Astronomical society of the Pacific.
  12. ^ a b c Objections to Astrology: A Statement by 186 Leading Scientists. The Humanist, September/October 1975.
  13. ^ Humphrey Taylor. The Religious and Other Beliefs of Americans 2003. Retrieved on 2007-01-05.
  14. ^ Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding. National Science Foundation. Retrieved on 2007-01-05.
  15. ^ "Astrology". Encarta. (2008). Microsoft. Retrieved on 2007-08-28. “Scientists have long rejected the principles of astrology, but millions of people continue to believe in or practice it.” 
  16. ^ Astrology: Fraud or Superstition? by Chaz Bufe {{cite web | title= Astrology Fraud or Superstition | url=http://www.seesharppress.com/astro.html | publisher= See Sharp Press
  17. ^ Adam Mosley. Tycho Brahe and Astrology. Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
  18. ^ About.com: Is Astrology a Pseudoscience? Examining the Basis and Nature of Astrology
  19. ^ Weor, Samael Aun Astrotheurgy, The Esoteric Treatise of Hermetic Astrology, pp. 60-117, Glorian Publishing 2006, ISBN 978-1-934206-06-5
  20. ^ Weor, Samael Aun Astrotheurgy, The Zodiacal Course, pp.3-58, Glorian Publishing, 2006, ISBN 978-1-934206-06-5
  21. ^ David Pingree - From Astral Omens to Astrology from Babylon to Bikaner, Roma: Istituto Italiano per L'Africa e L'Oriente, 1997. Pg. 26.
  22. ^ Bruce Scofield. Were They Astrologers? — Big League Scientists and Astrology. The Mountain Astrologer magazine. Retrieved on 2007-08-16.
  23. ^ http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=influenza Online Etymology Dictionary
  24. ^ Ibid.
  25. ^ A. Kitson. Astrology and English literature. Contemporary Review, October 1996. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
  26. ^ M. Allen, J.H. Fisher. Essential Chaucer: Science, including astrology. University of Texas, San Antonio. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
  27. ^ A.B.P. Mattar et al. Astronomy and Astrology in the Works of Chaucer. University of Singapore. Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
  28. ^ P. Brown. Shakespeare, Astrology, and Alchemy: A Critical and Historical Perspective. The Mountain Astrologer, February/March 2004.
  29. ^ F. Piechoski. Shakespeare's Astrology.
  30. ^ Carl G. Jung, "Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious," excerpted in The Basic Writings of C.G. Jung (Modern Library, repr. 1993), 362-363.
  31. ^ Hooker, Richard. The scientific revolution.
  32. ^ Jim Tester, A History of Western Astrology (Ballantine Books, 1989), 240ff.
  33. ^ Richard Dawkins. The Real Romance in the Stars. The Independent, December 1995.
  34. ^ British Physicist Debunks Astrology in Indian Lecture. Associated Press.
  35. ^ Astronomical Pseudo-Science: A Skeptic's Resource List. Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
  36. ^ Sagan, Carl. "Letter." The Humanist 36 (1976): 2
  37. ^ Mariapaula Karadimas. Astrology: What it is and what it isn't,. The Peak Publications Society.
  38. ^ Sagan, Carl. The Demon Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark. (New York: Ballantine Books, 1996), 303.
  39. ^ G. Dean et al, Recent Advances in Natal Astrology: A Critical Review 1900-1976. The Astrological Association (England 1977)
  40. ^ a b H.J. Eysenck & D.K.B. Nias, Astrology: Science or Superstition? Penguin Books (1982) ISBN 0-14-022397-5
  41. ^ a b c d G. Phillipson, Astrology in the Year Zero. Flare Publications (London, 2000) ISBN 0-9530261-9-1
  42. ^ School History. The Avalon School of Astrology.
  43. ^ a b c d M. Harding. Prejudice in Astrological Research. Correlation, Vol 19(1).
  44. ^ K. Irving. Science, Astrology and the Gauquelin Planetary Effects.
  45. ^ M. Urban-Lurain, Introduction to Multivariate Analysis, Astrological Research Methods, Volume 1: An ISAR Anthology. International Society for Astrological Research (Los Angeles 1995) ISBN 0-9646366-0-3
  46. ^ G. Perry, How do we Know What we Think we Know? From Paradigm to Method in Astrological Research, Astrological Research Methods, Volume 1: An ISAR Anthology. International Society for Astrological Research (Los Angeles 1995) ISBN 0-9646366-0-3
  47. ^ Bob Marks. Astrology for Skeptics.
  48. ^ Dr. P. Seymour, Astrology: The evidence of Science. Penguin Group (London, 1988) ISBN 0-14-019226-3
  49. ^ Frank McGillion. The Pineal Gland and the Ancient Art of Iatromathematica.
  50. ^ Maggie Hyde, Jung and Astrology. The Aquarian Press (London, 1992) p. 24-26.
  51. ^ Geoffrey Cornelius, The Moment of Astrology. Utsav Arora, another meditation research specialist and astrologer, argues, "if 100% accuracy were to be the benchmark, we should be closing down and shutting all hospitals, medical labs. Scientific medical equipment and drugs have a long history of errors and miscalculations. Same is the case with computers and electronic. We don't refute electronic gadgets and equipment just because it fails but we work towards finding cures for the errors." The Wessex Astrologer (Bournemouth, 2003.)
  52. ^ D. Cochrane, Towards a Proof of Astrology: An AstroSignature for Mathematical Ability International Astrologer ISAR Journal Winter-Spring 2005, Vol 33, #2
  53. ^ M. Pottenger (ed), Astrological Research Methods, Volume 1: An ISAR Anthology. International Society for Astrological Research (Los Angeles 1995) ISBN 0-9646366-0-3
  54. ^ a b c Dean and Kelly. Is Astrology Relevant to Consciousness and Psi?.
  55. ^ Robert Matthews. "Comprehensive study of 'time twins' debunks astrology", London Daily Telegraph, 2003-08-17. Archived from the original on 2007-05-22. 
  56. ^ Dean, Geoffery. Artifacts in data often wrongly seen as evidence for astrology.
  57. ^ a b Peter, Hartmann; Reuter, Martin; Nyborg, Helmut (2006). "The relationship between date of birth and individual differences in personality and intelligence: A large-scale study". Personality and Individual Differences 40: 1349–1362. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.017. ISSN 0191-8869. Lay summary – Discovery News (2006-04-25). 
  58. ^ Gauquelin M., Cosmic Influences on Human Behavior, Aurora Press, Santa Fe NM (1994)
  59. ^ Benski, C. et al. 1996. The "Mars Effect": A French Test of Over 1000 Sports Champions.
  60. ^ Zelen, M., P. Kurtz, and G. Abell. 1977. Is there a Mars effect? The Humanist 37 (6): 36-39.
  61. ^ Herbert Neisler in Skeptical — a Handbook of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal, ed Donald Laycock, David Vernon, Colin Groves, Simon Brown, Imagecraft, Canberra, 1989, ISBN 0731657942, p3
  62. ^ Suitbert Ertel. Raising the Hurdle for the Athletes' Mars Effect: Association Co-Varies With Eminence. Journal of Scientific Exploration.
  63. ^ Ken Irving. Discussion of Mars eminence effect. Planetos.

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